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Kiseleva OI, Pyatnitskiy MA, Arzumanian VA, Kurbatov IY, Ilinsky VV, Ilgisonis EV, Plotnikova OA, Sharafetdinov KK, Tutelyan VA, Nikityuk DB, Ponomarenko EA, Poverennaya EV. Multiomics Picture of Obesity in Young Adults. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:272. [PMID: 38666884 PMCID: PMC11048234 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a socially significant disease that is characterized by a disproportionate accumulation of fat. It is also associated with chronic inflammation, cancer, diabetes, and other comorbidities. Investigating biomarkers and pathological processes linked to obesity is especially vital for young individuals, given their increased potential for lifestyle modifications. By comparing the genetic, proteomic, and metabolomic profiles of individuals categorized as underweight, normal, overweight, and obese, we aimed to determine which omics layer most accurately reflects the phenotypic changes in an organism that result from obesity. We profiled blood plasma samples by employing three omics methodologies. The untargeted GC×GC-MS metabolomics approach identified 313 metabolites. To augment the metabolomic dataset, we integrated a label-free HPLC-MS/MS proteomics method, leading to the identification of 708 proteins. The genomic layer encompassed the genotyping of 647,250 SNPs. Utilizing omics data, we trained sparse Partial Least Squares models to predict body mass index. Molecular features exhibiting frequently non-zero coefficients were selected as potential biomarkers, and we further explored enriched biological pathways. Proteomics was the most effective in single-omics analyses, with a median absolute error (MAE) of 5.44 ± 0.31 kg/m2, incorporating an average of 24 proteins per model. Metabolomics showed slightly lower performance (MAE = 6.06 ± 0.33 kg/m2), followed by genomics (MAE = 6.20 ± 0.34 kg/m2). As expected, multiomic models demonstrated better accuracy, particularly the combination of proteomics and metabolomics (MAE = 4.77 ± 0.33 kg/m2), while including genomics data did not enhance the results. This manuscript is the first multiomics study of obesity in a gender-balanced cohort of young adults profiled by genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic methods. The comprehensive approach provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of obesity, opening avenues for more targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga I. Kiseleva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow 119121, Russia; (O.I.K.)
| | - Mikhail A. Pyatnitskiy
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow 119121, Russia; (O.I.K.)
- Faculty of Computer Science, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow 101000, Russia
| | | | - Ilya Y. Kurbatov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow 119121, Russia; (O.I.K.)
| | | | | | - Oksana A. Plotnikova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 109240, Russia
| | - Khaider K. Sharafetdinov
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 109240, Russia
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 125993, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Victor A. Tutelyan
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 109240, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry B. Nikityuk
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 109240, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Rajamanickam A, Dasan B, Munisankar S, Nott S, Menon PA, Ahamed Shaik F, Chinnaiyan P, Nutman TB, Babu S. Impact of Strongyloides stercoralis infection on complement activation in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: Insights from a clinical and anthelmintic intervention study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012048. [PMID: 38564496 PMCID: PMC10986927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies indicate a potential protective role of helminths in diabetes mellitus (DM) progression. The complement system, vital for host defense, plays a crucial role in tissue homeostasis and immune surveillance. Dysregulated complement activation is implicated in diabetic complications. We aimed to investigate the influence of the helminth, Strongyloides stercoralis (Ss) on complement activation in individuals with type 2 DM (T2D). METHODOLOGY We assessed circulating levels of complement proteins (C1q, C2, C3, C4, C4b, C5, C5a, and MBL (Lectin)) and their regulatory components (Factor B, Factor D, Factor H, and Factor I) in individuals with T2D with (n = 60) or without concomitant Ss infection (n = 58). Additionally, we evaluated the impact of anthelmintic therapy on these parameters after 6 months in Ss-infected individuals (n = 60). RESULTS Ss+DM+ individuals demonstrated reduced levels of complement proteins (C1q, C4b, MBL (Lectin), C3, C5a, and C3b/iC3b) and complement regulatory proteins (Factor B and Factor D) compared to Ss-DM+ individuals. Following anthelmintic therapy, there was a partial reversal of these levels in Ss+DM+ individuals. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that Ss infection reduces complement activation, potentially mitigating inflammatory processes in individuals with T2D. The study underscores the complex interplay between helminth infections, complement regulation, and diabetes mellitus, offering insights into potential therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bindu Dasan
- NIH-NIAID-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | | | - Sujatha Nott
- Infectious Diseases, Dignity Health, Chandler, Arizona, United States of America
| | | | - Fayaz Ahamed Shaik
- NIH-NIAID-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | | | - Thomas B. Nutman
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Subash Babu
- NIH-NIAID-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Wang Y, Yang X, Zhang Y, Hong L, Xie Z, Jiang W, Chen L, Xiong K, Yang S, Lin M, Guo X, Li Q, Deng X, Lin Y, Cao M, Yi G, Fu M. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals roles of unique retinal microglia types in early diabetic retinopathy. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:49. [PMID: 38409074 PMCID: PMC10895757 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01282-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy (DR), a blinding disease, are intricate. DR was thought to be a microvascular disease previously. However, growing studies have indicated that the retinal microglia-induced inflammation precedes microangiopathy. The binary concept of microglial M1/M2 polarization paradigms during inflammatory activation has been debated. In this study, we confirmed microglia had the most significant changes in early DR using single-cell RNA sequencing. METHODS A total of five retinal specimens were collected from donor SD rats. Changes in various cells of the retina at the early stage of DR were analyzed using single-cell sequencing technology. RESULTS We defined three new microglial subtypes at cellular level, including two M1 types (Egr2+ M1 and Egr2- M1) and one M2 type. We also revealed the anatomical location between these subtypes, the dynamic changes of polarization phenotypes, and the possible activation sequence and mutual activation regulatory mechanism of different cells. Furthermore, we constructed an inflammatory network involving microglia, blood-derived macrophages and other retinal nonneuronal cells. The targeted study of new disease-specific microglial subtypes can shorten the time for drug screening and clinical application, which provided insight for the early control and reversal of DR. CONCLUSIONS We found that microglia show the most obvious differential expression changes in early DR and reveal the changes in microglia in a high-glucose microenvironment at the single-cell level. Our comprehensive analysis will help achieve early reversal and control the occurrence and progression of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, South China Hospital, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongyi Yang
- The Second Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Libing Hong
- The Second Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuohang Xie
- The Second Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenmin Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1333 Xinhu Road, Shenzhen, 518100, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiping Lin
- The Second Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Guo
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiumo Li
- The Second Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Deng
- The Second Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Lin
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhe Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guoguo Yi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 26, Erheng Road, Yuancun, Tianhe, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Kietsiriroje N, Scott GE, Ajjan RA, Brôz J, Schroeder V, Campbell MD. Plasma levels of mannan-binding lectin-associated serine proteases are increased in type 1 diabetes patients with insulin resistance. Clin Exp Immunol 2024; 215:58-64. [PMID: 37832142 PMCID: PMC10776244 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the lectin pathway of the complement system, as demonstrated by elevated levels of mannan-binding lectin proteins (MBL), contributes to vascular pathology in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Vascular complications are greatest in T1D individuals with concomitant insulin resistance (IR), however, whether IR amplifies activiation of the lectin pathway in T1D is unknown. We pooled pretreatment data from two RCTs and performed a cross-sectional analysis on 46 T1D individuals. We employed estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR), a validated IR surrogate with cut-points of: <5.1, 5.1-8.7, and > 8.7 mg/kg/min to determine IR status, with lower eGDR values conferring higher degrees of IR. Plasma levels of MBL-associated proteases (MASP-1, MASP-2, and MASP-3) and their regulatory protein MAp44 were compared among eGDR classifications. In a subset of 14 individuals, we assessed change in MASPs and MAp44 following improvement in IR. We found that MASP-1, MASP-2, MASP-3, and MAp44 levels increased in a stepwise fashion across eGDR thresholds with elevated MASPs and MAp44 levels conferring greater degrees of IR. In a subset of 14 patients, improvement in IR was associated with significant reductions in MASPs, but not MAp44, levels. In conclusion, IR in T1D amplifies levels of MASP-1/2/3 and their regulator MAp44, and improvement of IR normalizes MASP-1/2/3 levels. Given that elevated levels of these proteins contribute to vascular pathology, amplification of the lectin pathway of the complement system may offer mechanistic insight into the relationship between IR and vascular complications in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noppadol Kietsiriroje
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Georgia E Scott
- School of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
| | - Ramzi A Ajjan
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jan Brôz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Verena Schroeder
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthew D Campbell
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
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Horvat A, Vlašić I, Štefulj J, Oršolić N, Jazvinšćak Jembrek M. Flavonols as a Potential Pharmacological Intervention for Alleviating Cognitive Decline in Diabetes: Evidence from Preclinical Studies. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2291. [PMID: 38137892 PMCID: PMC10744738 DOI: 10.3390/life13122291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disease associated with reduced synaptic plasticity, atrophy of the hippocampus, and cognitive decline. Cognitive impairment results from several pathological mechanisms, including increased levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptors, prolonged oxidative stress and impaired activity of endogenous mechanisms of antioxidant defense, neuroinflammation driven by the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), decreased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and disturbance of signaling pathways involved in neuronal survival and cognitive functioning. There is increasing evidence that dietary interventions can reduce the risk of various diabetic complications. In this context, flavonols, a highly abundant class of flavonoids in the human diet, are appreciated as a potential pharmacological intervention against cognitive decline in diabetes. In preclinical studies, flavonols have shown neuroprotective, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and memory-enhancing properties based on their ability to regulate glucose levels, attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation, promote the expression of neurotrophic factors, and regulate signaling pathways. The present review gives an overview of the molecular mechanisms involved in diabetes-induced cognitive dysfunctions and the results of preclinical studies showing that flavonols have the ability to alleviate cognitive impairment. Although the results from animal studies are promising, clinical and epidemiological studies are still needed to advance our knowledge on the potential of flavonols to improve cognitive decline in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anđela Horvat
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ignacija Vlašić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasminka Štefulj
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nada Oršolić
- Division of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Jazvinšćak Jembrek
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Jiang T, Li Y, He S, Huang N, Du M, Zhai Q, Pu K, Wu M, Yan C, Ma Z, Wang Q. Reprogramming astrocytic NDRG2/NF-κB/C3 signaling restores the diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction. EBioMedicine 2023; 93:104653. [PMID: 37329577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia is a serious complication in patients with diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction (DACD). In this study, we aim to explore the protective effect of exercise on DACD in diabetic mice, and the role of NDRG2 as a potential guarder for reversing the pathological structure of neuronal synapses. METHODS Seven weeks of standardized exercise at moderate intensity was carried out using an animal treadmill in the vehicle + Run and STZ + Run groups. Based on quantitative transcriptome and tandem mass tag (TMT) proteome sequencing, weighted gene co-expression analysis (WGCNA) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were used to investigate the activation of complement cascades to injury neuronal synaptic plasticity. Golgi staining, Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and electrophysiology were used to verify the reliability of sequencing data. The role of NDRG2 was assessed by overexpressing or inhibiting the NDRG2 gene in vivo. Moreover, we estimated the cognitive function in diabetic or normal patients using DSST scores. FINDINGS Exercise reversed the injury of neuronal synaptic plasticity and the downregulation of astrocytic NDRG2 in diabetic mice, which succeeded in attenuating DACD. The deficiency of NDRG2 aggravated the activation of complement C3 by accelerating the phosphorylation of NF-κB, ultimately leading to synaptic injury and cognitive dysfunction. Conversely, the overexpression of NDRG2 promoted astrocytic remodeling by inhibiting complement C3, thus attenuating synaptic injury and cognitive dysfunction. Meanwhile, C3aR blockade rescued dendritic spines loss and cognitive deficits in diabetic mice. Moreover, the average DSST score of diabetic patients was significantly lower than that of non-diabetic peers. Levels of complement C3 in human serum were elevated in diabetic patients compared to those in non-diabetic patients. INTERPRETATION Our findings illustrate the effectiveness and integrative mechanism of NDRG2-induced improvement of cognition from a multi-omics perspective. Additionally, they confirm that the expression of NDRG2 is closely related to cognitive function in diabetic mice and the activation of complement cascades accelerated impairment of neuronal synaptic plasticity. NDRG2 acts as a regulator of astrocytic-neuronal interaction via NF-κB/C3/C3aR signaling to restore synaptic function in diabetic mice. FUNDING This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81974540, 81801899, 81971290), the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi (Program No. 2022ZDLSF02-09) and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. xzy022019020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yansong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuxuan He
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ning Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengyu Du
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Zhai
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kairui Pu
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meiyan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chaoying Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhi Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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West EE, Kemper C. Complosome - the intracellular complement system. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023:10.1038/s41581-023-00704-1. [PMID: 37055581 PMCID: PMC10100629 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00704-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is a recognized pillar of host defence against infection and noxious self-derived antigens. Complement is traditionally known as a serum-effective system, whereby the liver expresses and secretes most complement components, which participate in the detection of bloodborne pathogens and drive an inflammatory reaction to safely remove the microbial or antigenic threat. However, perturbations in normal complement function can cause severe disease and, for reasons that are currently not fully understood, the kidney is particularly vulnerable to dysregulated complement activity. Novel insights into complement biology have identified cell-autonomous and intracellularly active complement - the complosome - as an unexpected central orchestrator of normal cell physiology. For example, the complosome controls mitochondrial activity, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, cell survival and gene regulation in innate and adaptive immune cells, and in non-immune cells, such as fibroblasts and endothelial and epithelial cells. These unanticipated complosome contributions to basic cell physiological pathways make it a novel and central player in the control of cell homeostasis and effector responses. This discovery, together with the realization that an increasing number of human diseases involve complement perturbations, has renewed interest in the complement system and its therapeutic targeting. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about the complosome across healthy cells and tissues, highlight contributions from dysregulated complosome activities to human disease and discuss potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E West
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claudia Kemper
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Sahu SK, Ozantürk AN, Kulkarni DH, Ma L, Barve RA, Dannull L, Lu A, Starick M, McPhatter J, Garnica L, Sanfillipo-Burchman M, Kunen J, Wu X, Gelman AE, Brody SL, Atkinson JP, Kulkarni HS. Lung epithelial cell-derived C3 protects against pneumonia-induced lung injury. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eabp9547. [PMID: 36735773 PMCID: PMC10023170 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abp9547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The complement component C3 is a fundamental plasma protein for host defense, produced largely by the liver. However, recent work has demonstrated the critical importance of tissue-specific C3 expression in cell survival. Here, we analyzed the effects of local versus peripheral sources of C3 expression in a model of acute bacterial pneumonia induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Whereas mice with global C3 deficiency had severe pneumonia-induced lung injury, those deficient only in liver-derived C3 remained protected, comparable to wild-type mice. Human lung transcriptome analysis showed that secretory epithelial cells, such as club cells, express high levels of C3 mRNA. Mice with tamoxifen-induced C3 gene ablation from club cells in the lung had worse pulmonary injury compared with similarly treated controls, despite maintaining normal circulating C3 levels. Last, in both the mouse pneumonia model and cultured primary human airway epithelial cells, we showed that stress-induced death associated with C3 deficiency parallels that seen in Factor B deficiency rather than C3a receptor deficiency. Moreover, C3-mediated reduction in epithelial cell death requires alternative pathway component Factor B. Thus, our findings suggest that a pathway reliant on locally derived C3 and Factor B protects the lung mucosal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjaya K. Sahu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Ayşe N. Ozantürk
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Devesha H. Kulkarni
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Lina Ma
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Ruteja A Barve
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Linus Dannull
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Angel Lu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Marick Starick
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Ja’Nia McPhatter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Lorena Garnica
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Maxwell Sanfillipo-Burchman
- Division of Allergy and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Jeremy Kunen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Xiaobo Wu
- Division of Rheumatology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Andrew E. Gelman
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Steven L. Brody
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - John P. Atkinson
- Division of Rheumatology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Hrishikesh S. Kulkarni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
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Nogueira VC, de Oliveira VDN, Guedes MIF, Smith BJ, da C Freire JE, Gonçalves NGG, de O M Moreira AC, de A Moreira R. UPLC-HDMS E to discover serum biomarkers in adults with type 1 diabetes. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:1161-1170. [PMID: 36115450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a complex disease with metabolic and functional changes that can alter an individual's proteome. An LC-MS/MS analytical method, in an HDMSE system, was used to identify differentially expressed proteins in the high abundance protein-depleted serum of T1D patients and healthy controls. Samples were processed in Progenesis QI for Proteomics software. A functional enrichment of the proteins was performed with Gene Ontology and ToppGene, and the interactions were visualized by STRING 11.5. As a result, 139 proteins were identified, 14 of which were downregulated in the serum of patients with T1D compared to controls. Most of the differentially expressed proteins were shown to be involved with the immune system, inflammation, and growth hormone stimulus response, and were associated with the progression of T1D. Differential protein expression data showed for the first-time changes in CPN2 expression levels in the serum of patients with T1D. Our findings indicate that these proteins are targets of interest for future investigations and for validation of protein biomarkers in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria C Nogueira
- Department of Education, Federal Institute of Ceará (IFCE), Ubajara, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Valzimeire do N de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, State University of Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Maria I F Guedes
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, State University of Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Bradley J Smith
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Institute of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José E da C Freire
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Ana C de O M Moreira
- Experimental Biology Center, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Renato de A Moreira
- Experimental Biology Center, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Alternative splicing encodes functional intracellular CD59 isoforms that mediate insulin secretion and are down-regulated in diabetic islets. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2120083119. [PMID: 35666870 PMCID: PMC9214515 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2120083119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This project describes the existence of previously unknown non–GPI-anchored CD59 isoforms required for insulin secretion, named CD59–IRIS-1 and CD59–IRIS-2, and finds reduced expression of CD59-IRIS isoforms in human diabetic islets, showing a link between dysregulation of IRIS isoforms and defects in insulin secretion in diabetic patients. These data open a path for future studies into CD59-IRIS expression and function in additional cell types capable of regulated secretion. Identification of additional specific CD59-IRIS binding partners within the cell could provide therapeutic targets for enhancement of insulin secretion in T2D. Human pancreatic islets highly express CD59, which is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell-surface protein and is required for insulin secretion. How cell-surface CD59 could interact with intracellular exocytotic machinery has so far not been described. We now demonstrate the existence of CD59 splice variants in human pancreatic islets, which have unique C-terminal domains replacing the GPI-anchoring signal sequence. These isoforms are found in the cytosol of β-cells, interact with SNARE proteins VAMP2 and SNAP25, colocalize with insulin granules, and rescue insulin secretion in CD59-knockout (KO) cells. We therefore named these isoforms IRIS-1 and IRIS-2 (Isoforms Rescuing Insulin Secretion 1 and 2). Antibodies raised against each isoform revealed that expression of both IRIS-1 and IRIS-2 is significantly lower in islets isolated from human type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, as compared to healthy controls. Further, glucotoxicity induced in primary, healthy human islets led to a significant decrease of IRIS-1 expression, suggesting that hyperglycemia (raised glucose levels) and subsequent decreased IRIS-1 expression may contribute to relative insulin deficiency in T2D patients. Similar isoforms were also identified in the mouse CD59B gene, and targeted CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout showed that these intracellular isoforms, but not canonical CD59B, are involved in insulin secretion from mouse β-cells. Mouse IRIS-2 is also down-regulated in diabetic db/db mouse islets. These findings establish the endogenous existence of previously undescribed non–GPI-anchored intracellular isoforms of human CD59 and mouse CD59B, which are required for normal insulin secretion.
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Li Z, Zhang W, Gao F, Tang Q, Kang D, Shen Y. Different Complement Activation Pathways Underly Cognitive Impairment and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Combined With Cognitive Impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:810335. [PMID: 35370615 PMCID: PMC8967361 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.810335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The immune response and the complement system are associated with cognitive impairment and diabetes mellitus, respectively. Activation of the complement system in these diseases occurs mainly through either the classical pathway or the alternative pathway. However, the specific complement proteins involved in the development of the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cognitive impairment are still unclear. Here, we investigated complement proteins in serum from patients with T2DM, cognitive impairment, or both T2DM and cognitive impairment. Objective To investigate the levels of serum immune complement proteins in patients with T2DM, cognitive impairment, or T2DM combined with cognitive impairment and the associations between these complement proteins and risk factors for T2DM or cognitive impairment. Methods Clinical markers were collected from blood samples of 264 participants. Luminex multiplex assays were used to detect serum complement proteins. All statistical analyses were performed using Prism or R studio. Results There was a difference in serum levels of the complement proteins C1q, C3, C3b, and FH between the three different groups. Hyperglycemia was significantly correlated with elevated C3b or reduced C3, C1q, and FH. In addition, hyperlipidemia was positively correlated with elevated levels of C3, C4, C1q, and FH proteins. There was an association between C1q, C3, C4, and FH and β-pancreas cell function, whereas only FH was associated with insulin resistance. Higher serum C1q was significantly associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment. Conclusion Serum levels of complement proteins were closely associated with hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. We found that classical complement pathway activation mainly occurred in the cognitive impairment only group, whereas the alternative pathway may reflect T2DM and T2DM with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Li
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qiqiang Tang
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Shen,
| | - Dongmei Kang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Shen,
| | - Yong Shen
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Shen,
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ricklin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Richard B Pouw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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