1
|
Zhen Y, Ge L, Chen Q, Xu J, Duan Z, Loor JJ, Wang M. Latent Benefits and Toxicity Risks Transmission Chain of High Dietary Copper along the Livestock-Environment-Plant-Human Health Axis and Microbial Homeostasis: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6943-6962. [PMID: 35666880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of high-concentration copper (Cu) in feed additives, fertilizers, pesticides, and nanoparticles (NPs) inevitably causes significant pollution in the ecological environment. This type of chain pollution begins with animal husbandry: first, Cu accumulation in animals poisons them; second, high Cu enters the soil and water sources with the feces and urine to cause toxicity, which may further lead to crop and plant pollution; third, this process ultimately endangers human health through consumption of livestock products, aquatic foods, plants, and even drinking water. High Cu potentially alters the antibiotic resistance of soil and water sources and further aggravates human disease risks. Thus, it is necessary to formulate reasonable Cu emission regulations because the benefits of Cu for livestock and plants cannot be ignored. The present review evaluates the potential hazards and benefits of high Cu in livestock, the environment, the plant industry, and human health. We also discuss aspects related to bacterial and fungal resistance and homeostasis and perspectives on the application of Cu-NPs and microbial high-Cu removal technology to reduce the spread of toxicity risks to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Zhen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Ling Ge
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Qiaoqing Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute for Quality and Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Zhenyu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian Nutrition Physiology Genomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Mengzhi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Raveendran S, Parameswaran B, Ummalyma SB, Abraham A, Mathew AK, Madhavan A, Rebello S, Pandey A. Applications of Microbial Enzymes in Food Industry. Food Technol Biotechnol 2018; 56:16-30. [PMID: 29795993 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.56.01.18.5491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of enzymes or microorganisms in food preparations is an age-old process. With the advancement of technology, novel enzymes with wide range of applications and specificity have been developed and new application areas are still being explored. Microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast and fungi and their enzymes are widely used in several food preparations for improving the taste and texture and they offer huge economic benefits to industries. Microbial enzymes are the preferred source to plants or animals due to several advantages such as easy, cost-effective and consistent production. The present review discusses the recent advancement in enzyme technology for food industries. A comprehensive list of enzymes used in food processing, the microbial source of these enzymes and the wide range of their application are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu Raveendran
- Centre for Biofuels, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR, 695019 Trivandrum, India
| | - Binod Parameswaran
- Centre for Biofuels, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR, 695019 Trivandrum, India
| | - Sabeela Beevi Ummalyma
- Centre for Biofuels, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR, 695019 Trivandrum, India.,Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, 795001 Imphal, India
| | - Amith Abraham
- Centre for Biofuels, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR, 695019 Trivandrum, India
| | - Anil Kuruvilla Mathew
- Centre for Biofuels, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR, 695019 Trivandrum, India
| | | | - Sharrel Rebello
- Communicable Disease Research Laboratory, St. Joseph's College, 680121 Irinjalakuda, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), 226001 Lucknow, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tolerance and stress response of sclerotiogenic Aspergillus oryzae G15 to copper and lead. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2017; 62:295-304. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-017-0494-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
4
|
Sooch BS, Kauldhar BS, Puri M. Recent insights into microbial catalases: Isolation, production and purification. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:1429-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
5
|
Simonovičová A, Hlinková E, Chovanová K, Pangallo D. Influence of the Environment on the Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics of Different Aspergillus niger Wild Type Strains. Indian J Microbiol 2012; 53:187-93. [PMID: 24426107 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-012-0317-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work studied the differences in accumulation, transformation and volatilization of different heavy metals ions on molecular and macromorphological features of Aspergillus niger wild type strains. Four different strains of A. niger (An) were used. Three strains (An-P, An-N, An-S) were isolated from acid and ultra acid mining regions with higher concentration of As and Sb. The fourth strain (An-G) was used as the comparative one. Environmental burden strongly affected biochemical, macro and micromorphological characteristics of studied strains. The RAMP profiles showed 90 % similarity among the studied strains. The strain An-S showed its own characteristic RAMP profile, different to the others ones. Analyzed strains can be clustered into two groups on the basis of the changes in gene expression and morphological parameters. Differences were found in both acid β-1,3-glucanases and peroxidases. Main quantitative and qualitative differences by A-PAGE and SDS-PAGE were registered for proteins with Mr ~ 50; 34; 28-27 and 11 kDa. Presence of living mutants of A. niger strains in old environmental burden indicate on the adaptation and mutation processes of soil microorganisms from the point of long-term effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Simonovičová
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Elena Hlinková
- Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Polek B, Godočíková J. The Effect of Some Factors of Polluted Environment on Catalase Responses and Resistance of Microbial Isolates Against Toxic Oxidative Stress. Curr Microbiol 2012; 65:345-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-012-0163-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
7
|
Role of Aspergillus niger acrA in arsenic resistance and its use as the basis for an arsenic biosensor. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:3855-63. [PMID: 22467499 DOI: 10.1128/aem.07771-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic contamination of groundwater sources is a major issue worldwide, since exposure to high levels of arsenic has been linked to a variety of health problems. Effective methods of detection are thus greatly needed as preventive measures. In an effort to develop a fungal biosensor for arsenic, we first identified seven putative arsenic metabolism and transport genes in Aspergillus niger, a widely used industrial organism that is generally regarded as safe (GRAS). Among the genes tested for RNA expression in response to arsenate, acrA, encoding a putative plasma membrane arsenite efflux pump, displayed an over 200-fold increase in gene expression in response to arsenate. We characterized the function of this A. niger protein in arsenic efflux by gene knockout and confirmed that AcrA was located at the cell membrane using an enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) fusion construct. Based on our observations, we developed a putative biosensor strain containing a construct of the native promoter of acrA fused with egfp. We analyzed the fluorescence of this biosensor strain in the presence of arsenic using confocal microscopy and spectrofluorimetry. The biosensor strain reliably detected both arsenite and arsenate in the range of 1.8 to 180 μg/liter, which encompasses the threshold concentrations for drinking water set by the World Health Organization (10 and 50 μg/liter).
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen SCA, Lewis RE, Kontoyiannis DP. Direct effects of non-antifungal agents used in cancer chemotherapy and organ transplantation on the development and virulence of Candida and Aspergillus species. Virulence 2011; 2:280-95. [PMID: 21701255 PMCID: PMC3173675 DOI: 10.4161/viru.2.4.16764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional antineoplastic, novel immunosuppressive agents and antibiotics used in cancer treatment can directly affect the growth, development and virulence of Candida and Aspergillus species. Cytotoxic and cisplatin compounds have anti-Candida activity and may be synergistic with antifungal drugs; they also inhibit Candida and Aspergillus filamentation/conidation and effect increased virulence in vitro. Glucocorticoids enhance Candida adherence to epithelial cells, germination in serum and in vitro secretion of phospholipases and proteases, as well as growth of A. fumigatus. Calcineurin and target of rapamycin inhibitors perturb Candida and Aspergillus morphogenesis, stress responses and survival in serum, reduce azole tolerance in Candida, but yield conflicting in vivo data. Inhibition of candidal heat shock protein 90 and candidal-specific histone deacetylase represent feasible therapeutic approaches for candidiasis. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors inhibit fungal cell entry into epithelial cells and phagocytosis. Quinolone and other antibiotics may augment activity of azole and polyene agents. The correlation of in vitro effects with clinically meaningful in vivo systems is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon C-A Chen
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bucková M, Godocíková J, Zámocký M, Polek B. Isolates of Comamonas spp. exhibiting catalase and peroxidase activities and diversity of their responses to oxidative stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2010; 73:1511-1516. [PMID: 20678795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Revised: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
For survival isolates of Comamonas testosteroni CCM 1931, C. testosteroni K3, C. terrigena N3H or N1C and C. terrigena CCM 2409, selected largely from polluted environments, the production of catalase and dianisidine-peroxidase activity was important. Electrophoretic resolution of cell-free extracts of aerobically grown strains in Luria-Bertani medium during the exponential phase revealed distinctive expression of catalatic and peroxidatic activities detected with 3,3'-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (DAB). The protection of isolates from 20 or 40 mM H(2)O(2) stress was characterized with a considerable diversity in catalase and peroxidase responses that resulted from hydroperoxidase's variant of original isolates, indicating also a selective pressure of environment. Results indicate catalase to be important for adaptation of cultures to high concentration of 60mM H(2)O(2). The greatest appreciable differences in sensitivity to toxic effect of H(2)O(2) (20 or 40 mM) treatment between individual isolates and their adapted variants during the growth were observed until the middle of exponential phase. Isolates exhibited diversity in catalases responses to possible contaminants o-or p-phenylenediamine (PDA) as well. Only positional isomer p-PDA (1 or 2mM) stimulated catalase activity unlike from isomer o-PDA in C. terrigena N3H cells. The study can contribute to understanding of bacterial antioxidative enzymatic responses in the presence of possible physiological stress resulting mainly from environmental pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mária Bucková
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, SK-84551, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bucková M, Godocíková J, Zámocký M, Polek B. Screening of bacterial isolates from polluted soils exhibiting catalase and peroxidase activity and diversity of their responses to oxidative stress. Curr Microbiol 2010; 61:241-7. [PMID: 20145932 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-010-9601-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
For the survival of individual isolates of gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas putida, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, and the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus megaterium, in an environment polluted with crude oil products, the production of catalases exhibiting both catalase and dianisidine-peroxidase activity is important. Electrophoretic resolution of cell-free extracts of aerobically grown strains in Luria-Bertani medium during exponential phase revealed distinctive expression of catalatic and peroxidatic activities detected with 3,3'-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride. A considerable diversity in microbial catalase and peroxidase responses to 20 or 40 mM H(2)O(2) stress, resulted from hydroperoxidase's variant of original isolates, indicating an environmental selective pressure. However, catalase was important for the adaptation of cultures to high concentration of 60 mM H(2)O(2). Appreciable differences in the sensitivity to toxic effect of H(2)O(2) (20 or 40 mM) treatment between individual isolates and their adapted variants during growth were observed until the middle of exponential phase, but they were insignificant at the entry to stationary phase. Isolates also exhibited a considerable diversity in catalases responses to phenolic contaminants 1 and 2 mM o- or p-phenylenediamine. Catalase activity of bacterium P. putida was visibly stimulated only by p-phenylenediamine and not by its positional isomer o-PDA. This study contributes to a better understanding of the role catalases play in bacterial responses to a polluted environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mária Bucková
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 84551 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mukherjee A, Das D, Kumar Mondal S, Biswas R, Kumar Das T, Boujedaini N, Khuda-Bukhsh AR. Tolerance of arsenate-induced stress in Aspergillus niger, a possible candidate for bioremediation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2010; 73:172-182. [PMID: 19811831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2009] [Revised: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The arsenate tolerance limit in wild-type Aspergillus niger was determined. Because of its high tolerance, toxic effects of arsenate concentrations ranging from 25 to 100mg/L were investigated in regard to growth, intracellular thiols, proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents of wild-type A. niger. Cellular arsenate uptake was analyzed. Activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) were assayed. Growth of A. niger increased at 25mg/L arsenate, and it survived up to 100mg/L. MDA, intracellular thiol and proline contents increased up to a certain level. Activities of GR, SOD and CAT declined following a rise at low concentration(s); SDH activity decreased gradually with increased arsenate stress. Results indicated that A. niger had high arsenate uptake potential and could tolerate oxidative stress by manipulating its anti-oxidative defense mechanism, a property that may be exploited for removal of arsenate from contaminated aqua-environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Potential basis for amphotericin B resistance in Aspergillus terreus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008; 52:1553-5. [PMID: 18268082 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01280-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the basis for intrinsic amphotericin B (AMB) resistance in Aspergillus terreus. The ergosterol content, cell wall composition, and lipid peroxidation level had no influence on AMB resistance. The level of catalase production in A. terreus was significantly higher than that in A. fumigatus (P < 0.05). This higher-level production may contribute to AMB resistance in A. terreus since oxidative damage has been implicated in AMB action.
Collapse
|
13
|
Bucková M, Godocíková J, Polek B. Responses in the mycelial growth of Aspergillus niger isolates to arsenic contaminated environments and their resistance to exogenic metal stress. J Basic Microbiol 2007; 47:295-300. [PMID: 17647207 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.200610299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Isolates of Aspergillus niger, selected from coal dust sediment of a mine containing As (400 mg/kg), pH 3.3-2.8, and from river sediment found near the mine (As, 363 mg/kg, Sb, 93 mg/kg), pH 5.2-4.8, growing on Czapek-Dox agar exhibited distinct responses in the mycelial growth in arsenic contaminated environments. The radial growth of the isolate from the coal dust in comparison to the control strain from an environment without pollution was reduced approximately to one-half. It formed black, very small compact colonies, with dense sporulation. The opposite, the strain from the river sediment, grew better in Czapek-Dox agar like the control. It formed larger colonies with dense centre and strong sporulation. Also, the culture from river sediment developed faster than the coal dust isolate and control strain. Differences were also recorded in size and thickness of conidia heads, phialide, metulae, and conidiophores. Both isolates from contaminated localities exhibited higher tolerance to exogenic toxic effects of As5+, Cd2+ and Cu2+ (5, 25 or 50 mg/l) than the control culture. Tolerance was monitored using the growth of biomass in liquid Czapek-Dox medium. We confirmed the morphological identification of our isolates to A. niger species with the PCR method. The results refer to complicated relations between biotic and abiotic effects that may directly affect the processes observed in the in situ environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mária Bucková
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Serafín Muñoz AH, Wrobel K, Gutierrez Corona JF, Wrobel K. The protective effect of selenium inorganic forms against cadmium and silver toxicity in mycelia of Pleurotus ostreatus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 111:626-32. [PMID: 17509851 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2006] [Revised: 02/08/2007] [Accepted: 03/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The effect of two inorganic selenium forms has been investigated in the mycelia of Pleurotus ostreatus exposed to cadmium and silver salts in the shaken cultures. The degree of toxicity was assessed by the determination of malondialdehyde (MDA; a common biomarker of lipid peroxidation). The mycelia were exposed to one element form (up to 5 mg l(-1)) and also to the following combinations: cadmium(II) + selenium(IV); cadmium(II) + selenium(VI); silver(I) + selenium(IV); silver(I) + selenium(VI). The concentrations of cadmium, silver, selenium, and MDA were assessed in the mixed cytosol and cell membrane fractions (CCM). A positive correlation between MDA and cadmium was found in the CCM (beta=0.7775, P=0.0001), whereas the effect of silver was less significant (beta=0.4642, P=0.039). These results indicate that silver(I) and cadmium(II) have different capacities to induce lipid peroxidation in P. ostreatus. The protective role of selenium against metal-induced oxidative damage was found to be dependent on the oxidation state of the element form in the growth medium. The strongest beneficial effect was observed in mycelia exposed to cadmium(II) + selenium(IV) (inverse correlation between MDA and selenium in the CCM: beta=-0.7129, P=0.009) and it has been ascribed to a lower incorporation of the toxic metal and/or to possible intracellular interaction between selenium and cadmium. Under exposure to silver(I), the protective effect of selenium(IV) was less noticeable (correlation between MDA and selenium in the CCM; beta=-0.6068, P=0.036); in the presence of selenium(VI), no beneficial effect was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alma Hortensia Serafín Muñoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad de Guanajuato, L. de Retana 5, 36000 Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bohácová V, Zámocký M, Godocíková J, Bucková M, Polek B. The Expression and Diversity of Catalases in Isolates of Genus Comamonas in Response to the Oxidative Stress of a Polluted Environment. Curr Microbiol 2006; 53:430-4. [PMID: 17066334 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-006-0246-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2006] [Accepted: 07/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We have evaluated the role of monofunctional heme-containing catalase encoded by cat-1 gene from the soil bacterium Comamonas terrigena N3H in the response to various forms of oxidative stress. Our results indicate that this constitutively expressed catalase represents the major source for the defence of Comamonas terrigena cells against toxic peroxides but the cells can express also a second form of catalase that is bigger and its regulation is probably more complicated. The sequence analysis confirmed the presence of highly conserved catalase sequence motifs in two environmental strains of Comamonas terrigena but in those strains that were not exposed to oxidative stress, no such sequence motif could be detected. The results obtained underline the importance of catalase expression in the defence mechanism against oxidative stress in bacterial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viera Bohácová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, SK-84551, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|