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de Sousa T, Silva C, Alves O, Costa E, Igrejas G, Poeta P, Hébraud M. Determination of Antimicrobial Resistance and the Impact of Imipenem + Cilastatin Synergy with Tetracycline in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Sepsis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2687. [PMID: 38004699 PMCID: PMC10673103 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is among the most ubiquitous bacteria in the natural world, exhibiting metabolic and physiological versatility, which makes it highly adaptable. Imipenem + cilastatin and tetracycline are antibiotic combinations commonly used to treat infections caused by P. aeruginosa, including serious infections such as sepsis. In the context of bacterial infections, biofilm, formed by bacterial cells surrounded by extracellular substances forming a matrix, plays a pivotal role in the resistance of P. aeruginosa to antibiotics. This study aimed to characterize a representative panel of P. aeruginosa isolates from septicemias, assessing their susceptibility to various antibiotics, specifically, imipenem + cilastatin and tetracycline, and the impact of these treatments on biofilm formation. Results from antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed sensitivity in most isolates to six antibiotics, with four showing near or equal to 100% sensitivity. However, resistance was observed in some antibiotics, albeit at minimal levels. Notably, tetracycline showed a 100% resistance phenotype, while imipenem + cilastatin predominantly displayed an intermediate phenotype (85.72%), with some resistance (38.1%). Microdilution susceptibility testing identified effective combinations against different isolates. Regarding biofilm formation, P. aeruginosa demonstrated the ability to produce biofilms. The staining of microtiter plates confirmed that specific concentrations of imipenem + cilastatin and tetracycline could inhibit biofilm production. A significant proportion of isolates exhibited resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics because of the presence of modifying genes (aac(3)-II and aac(3)-III), reducing their effectiveness. This study also explored various resistance genes, unveiling diverse resistance mechanisms among P. aeruginosa isolates. Several virulence genes were detected, including the las quorum-sensing system genes (lasI and lasR) in a significant proportion of isolates, contributing to virulence factor activation. However, genes related to the type IV pili (T4P) system (pilB and pilA) were found in limited isolates. In conclusion, this comprehensive study sheds light on the intricate dynamics of P. aeruginosa, a remarkably adaptable bacterium with a widespread presence in the natural world. Our findings provide valuable insights into the ongoing battle against P. aeruginosa infections, highlighting the need for tailored antibiotic therapies and innovative approaches to combat biofilm-related resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma de Sousa
- MicroART-Antibiotic Resistance Team, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (T.d.S.); (C.S.); (P.P.)
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, University NOVA of Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Catarina Silva
- MicroART-Antibiotic Resistance Team, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (T.d.S.); (C.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Olimpia Alves
- Hospital Centre of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Clinical Pathology Department, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (O.A.); (E.C.)
| | - Eliana Costa
- Hospital Centre of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Clinical Pathology Department, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (O.A.); (E.C.)
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, University NOVA of Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Patricia Poeta
- MicroART-Antibiotic Resistance Team, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (T.d.S.); (C.S.); (P.P.)
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, University NOVA of Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Michel Hébraud
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR Microbiologie Environnement Digestif Santé (MEDiS), 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
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2
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Zhang M, Cai L, Luo X, Li X, Zhang T, Wu F, Zhang Y, Lu R. Effect of sublethal dose of chloramphenicol on biofilm formation and virulence in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1275441. [PMID: 37822746 PMCID: PMC10562556 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1275441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates are generally very sensitive to chloramphenicol. However, it is usually necessary to transfer a plasmid carrying a chloramphenicol resistance gene into V. parahaemolyticus to investigate the function of a specific gene, and the effects of chloramphenicol on bacterial physiology have not been investigated. In this work, the effects of sublethal dose of chloramphenicol on V. parahaemolyticus were investigated by combined utilization of various phenotypic assays and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The results showed that the growth rate, biofilm formation capcity, c-di-GMP synthesis, motility, cytoxicity and adherence activity of V. parahaemolyticus were remarkably downregulated by the sublethal dose of chloramphenicol. The RNA-seq data revealed that the expression levels of 650 genes were significantly differentially expressed in the response to chloramphenicol stress, including antibiotic resistance genes, major virulence genes, biofilm-associated genes and putative regulatory genes. Majority of genes involved in the synthesis of polar flagellum, exopolysaccharide (EPS), mannose-sensitive haemagglutinin type IV pilus (MSHA), type III secretion systems (T3SS1 and T3SS2) and type VI secretion system 2 (T6SS2) were downregulated by the sublethal dose of chloramphenicol. Five putative c-di-GMP metabolism genes were significantly differentially expressed, which may be the reason for the decrease in intracellular c-di-GMP levels in the response of chloramphenicol stress. In addition, 23 genes encoding putative regulators were also significantly differentially expressed, suggesting that these regulators may be involved in the resistance of V. parahaemolyticus to chloramphenicol stress. This work helps us to understand how chloramphenicol effect on the physiology of V. parahaemolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Liyan Cai
- Physical Examination Center, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yiquan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Renfei Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Liaqat I, Khalid A, Rubab S, Rashid F, Latif AA, Naseem S, Bibi A, Khan BN, Ansar W, Javed A, Afzaal M, Summer M, Majid S, Ali S, Aftab MN. In Vitro Biofilm-Mediated Biodegradation of Pesticides and Dye-Contaminated Effluents Using Bacterial Biofilms. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2163. [PMID: 37764007 PMCID: PMC10535849 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Overuse of pesticides in agricultural soil and dye-polluted effluents severely contaminates the environment and is toxic to animals and humans making their removal from the environment essential. The present study aimed to assess the biodegradation of pesticides (cypermethrin (CYP) and imidacloprid (IMI)), and dyes (malachite green (MG) and Congo red (CR)) using biofilms of bacteria isolated from pesticide-contaminated soil and dye effluents. Biofilms of indigenous bacteria, i.e., Bacillus thuringiensis 2A (OP554568), Enterobacter hormaechei 4A (OP723332), Bacillus sp. 5A (OP586601), and Bacillus cereus 6B (OP586602) individually and in mixed culture were tested against CYP and IMI. Biofilms of indigenous bacteria i.e., Lysinibacillus sphaericus AF1 (OP589134), Bacillus sp. CF3 (OP589135) and Bacillus sp. DF4 (OP589136) individually and in mixed culture were tested for their ability to degrade dyes. The biofilm of a mixed culture of B. thuringiensis + Bacillus sp. (P7) showed 46.2% degradation of CYP compared to the biofilm of a mixed culture of B. thuringiensis + E. hormaechei + Bacillus sp. + B. cereus (P11), which showed significantly high degradation (70.0%) of IMI. Regarding dye biodegradation, a mixed culture biofilm of Bacillus sp. + Bacillus sp. (D6) showed 86.76% degradation of MG, which was significantly high compared to a mixed culture biofilm of L. sphaericus + Bacillus sp. (D4) that degraded only 30.78% of CR. UV-VIS spectroscopy revealed major peaks at 224 nm, 263 nm, 581 nm and 436 nm for CYP, IMI, MG and CR, respectively, which completely disappeared after treatment with bacterial biofilms. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed the appearance of new peaks in degraded metabolites and disappearance of a peak in the control spectrum after biofilm treatment. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis also confirmed the degradation of CYP, IMI, MG and CR into several metabolites compared to the control. The present study demonstrates the biodegradation potential of biofilm-forming bacteria isolated from pesticide-polluted soil and dye effluents against pesticides and dyes. This is the first report demonstrating biofilm-mediated bio-degradation of CYP, IMI, MG and CR utilizing soil and effluent bacterial flora from Multan and Sheikhupura, Punjab, Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Liaqat
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (W.A.); (M.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Awais Khalid
- Department of Physics, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan;
| | - Saima Rubab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Lahore Pharmacy College, Lahore Medical & Dental College, Lahore 53400, Pakistan;
| | - Farzana Rashid
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (F.R.); (A.A.L.)
| | - Asma Abdul Latif
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (F.R.); (A.A.L.)
| | - Sajida Naseem
- Department of Zoology, University of Education, Lower Mall Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Asia Bibi
- Department of Zoology, The Women University, Multan 66000, Pakistan;
| | - Bushra Nisar Khan
- Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Waiza Ansar
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (W.A.); (M.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Arshad Javed
- Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pattoki 55300, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Summer
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (W.A.); (M.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Samia Majid
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (W.A.); (M.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Sikander Ali
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan (M.N.A.)
| | - Muhammad Nauman Aftab
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan (M.N.A.)
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Gauhar SJ, Qurashi AW, Liaqat I, Zafar U, Virk MA, Ara C, Faheem M, Mubin M. Halotolerant bacterial biofilms for desalination and water treatment: a pilot study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27411-5. [PMID: 37171730 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27411-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Salinity has a significant impact on the water quality and crop yield. Physical desalination techniques were once thought to be expensive and time-consuming. Among biological techniques, halotolerant bacteria were thought to be the fastest and most effective way to reduce the salt content in brackish saltwater water. In the current study, halotolerant bacterial biofilms were used to desalinate saline water on abiotic substrates (such as sand, pebbles, glass beads, and plastic beads), and studied subsequently for the effects on Zea mays germination. Briefly, salt samples (SLT7 and SLT8) from the Khewra site in Punjab, Pakistan, as well as seawater and sea sand samples (USW1, USW3, USW6, DSW1, DSW4, SS1, and SS3) from Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan's Arabian Sea, were collected. Halotolerant bacteria were isolated and characterized. Crystal violet ring assays and capsule staining were used to estimate extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and biofilm development, respectively. All halotolerant bacterial strains were spore formers and produced EPS and formed biofilms well. 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the best halotolerant bacteria, USW6, showed the closest (100%) similarity to Bacillus aerius strain G-07 (a novel species) (accession number ON202984). A pilot-scale experiment for desalinating the artificial water (supplemented with 1 M NaCl) using biofilm adhered abiotic beads showed declined level of NaCl from 1 M to 0.00003 M after 15 days in treated water. Also, Zea mays germination was observed in the plants using treated water compared to no growth in the non-treated saline water. Estimations of chlorophyll, total soluble sugar, and protein revealed that plants cultivated using elute collected from a desalinated pilot scale setup contained less chlorophyll (i.e., 5.994 and 116.76). Likewise, plants grown with elute had a total soluble protein and sugar content of 1.45 mg/ml and 1.3 mg/ml, respectively. Overall, in treated water plants, a minor drop in chlorophyll content, a slight increase in total soluble sugar content, and a slight increase in protein content were noted. The study concluded that biofilm-treated desalt water has the potential to significantly reduce the effects of droughts, soil salinization, and economic and environmental issues associated with agricultural drainage. The results specified the application of halotolerant bacteria biofilms (Bacillus aerius, a novel species, USW6) for water desalination to overcome the problem of water scarcity caused by global warming and the increased salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Jahan Gauhar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Waheed Qurashi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Iram Liaqat
- Microbiology Lab, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Urooj Zafar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad Virk
- CVAS, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, Jhang Campus, Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Chaman Ara
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Faheem
- Microbiology Lab, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mubin
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Saleem M, Rashid F, Liaqat I, Liaqat I, Ulfat M, Sultan A, Faiz M, Eijaz S, Bibi A. Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of CTX-M Type B-Lactamases in Gram Negative Bacterial Strains Isolated from Hospitals, Lahore, Pakistan. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:875-879. [PMID: 35661068 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the principal mechanisms that contribute resistance to antibiotics is the production of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) in Gram negative bacteria. In the present study, molecular methods were used to evaluate the prevalence of the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-encoding CTX-M gene among Gram negative bacterial strains. In total, 148 clinical samples were collected from different tertiary care hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan. Disc synergy diffusion method was used to detect the presence of ESBL production. Moreover, antibiotic resistance patterns and molecular detection of bla CTX-M ESBLs, were also studied. The pathogens isolated from the 148 samples included Escherichia coli (43%) followed by Klebsiella sp. (28%), Proteus sp. (18%) and Pseudomonas sp. (11%). In all 148 strains, 95 (64%) were ESBL producers while 53 (36%) were non ESBL producers. The strains which were phenotypically ESBL producers, bla CTX-M were found in 46% E. coli strains, while 50% Klebsiella sp. were harboring the gene. A high resistance rate was observed against cephalosporins (cefopodoxime 67%, cefoperazone 73%, cephalexin 63% sparaxin 61%). Lower resistance was observed against meropenem among all isolated bacterial strains. Genotypic detection of bla CTX-M genes by PCR revealed 46% of E. coli and 50% of Klebsiella strains harbored bla CTX-M gene. The present study showed that ESBLs producers were resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Similarly, bla CTX-M ESBL production is more prevalent in our clinical isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehwish Saleem
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University
| | - Farzana Rashid
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University
| | - Iram Liaqat
- Microbiology Lab, Department of Zoology, Government College University
| | - Irfana Liaqat
- Microbiology Lab, Department of Zoology, Government College University
| | - Mobina Ulfat
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University
| | | | - Mariam Faiz
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University
| | - Sana Eijaz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi
| | - Asia Bibi
- Department of Zoology, The Women University
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Tufail MS, Liaqat I, Andleeb S, Naseem S, Zafar U, Sadiqa A, Liaqat I, Ali NM, Bibi A, Arshad N, Saleem G. Biogenic Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Properties of Silver Nanoparticles against Human Pathogens. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:257-265. [PMID: 35034942 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is more eco-friendly and cost-effective approach as compared to the conventional chemical synthesis. Biologically synthesized AgNPs have been proved as therapeutically effective and valuable compounds. In this study, the four bacterial strains Escherichia coli (MT448673), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MN900691), Bacillus subtilis (MN900684) and Bacillus licheniformis (MN900686) were used for the biogenic synthesis of AgNPs. Agar well diffusion assay revealed to determine the antibacterial activity of all biogenically synthesized AGNPs showed that P. aeruginosa AgNPs possessed significantly high (p < 0.05) antibacterial potential against all tested isolates. The one-way ANOVA test showed that that P. aeruginosa AgNPs showed significantly (p < 0.05) larger zones of inhibition (ZOI: 19 to 22 mm) compared to the positive control (rifampicin: 50 µg/mL) while no ZOI was observed against negative control (Dimethyl sulfoxide: DMSO). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) concentration against four test strains also showed that among all biogenically synthesized NPs, P. aeruginosa AgNPs showed effective MIC (3.3-3.6 µg/mL) and MBC (4.3-4.6 µg/mL). Hence, P. aeruginosa AGNPs were characterized using visual UV vis-spectroscopy, X ray diffractometer (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The formation of peak around 430 nm indicated the formation of AgNPs while the FTIR confirmed the involvement of biological molecules in the formation of nanoparticles (NPs). SEM revealed that the NPs were of approximately 40 nm. Overall, this study suggested that the biogenically synthesized nanoparticles could be utilized as effective antimicrobial agents for effective disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iram Liaqat
- Microbiology Lab, Department of Zoology, GC University
| | - Saiqa Andleeb
- Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir
| | - Sajida Naseem
- Department of Zoology, University of Education, Lower Mall Campus
| | - Urooj Zafar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi
| | | | - Irfana Liaqat
- Microbiology Lab, Department of Zoology, GC University
| | | | - Asia Bibi
- Department of Zoology, The Women University
| | | | - Gulbeena Saleem
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
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Afzal S, Qurashi AW, Sarfraz B, Liaqat I, Sadiqa A, Muhtaq M, Andleeb S, Ahsan F. A Comparative Analysis of Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm and Antioxidant Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from <i>Erythrina Suberosa</i> Roxb. and <i>Ceiba Pentandra</i>. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:523-533. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Iram Liaqat
- Microbiology Lab, Department of Zoology, Government College University
| | - Ayesha Sadiqa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology
| | | | - Saiqa Andleeb
- Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir
| | - Fatima Ahsan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
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Liaqat I, Gulab B, Hanif U, Sultan A, Sadiqa A, Zafar U, Afzaal M, Naseem S, Akram S, Saleem G. Honey Potential as Antibiofilm, Antiquorum Sensing and Dispersal Agent against Multispecies Bacterial Biofilm. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:425-434. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iram Liaqat
- Microbiology Lab, Department of Zoology, GC University
| | - Babar Gulab
- Microbiology Lab, Department of Zoology, GC University
| | | | | | - Ayesha Sadiqa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology
| | - Urooj Zafar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi
| | | | - Sajida Naseem
- Department of Zoology, University of Education, Lower Mall Campu
| | - Sumia Akram
- Division of Science and Technology, University of Education
| | - Gulbeena Saleem
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
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9
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Tufail S, Liaqat I, Ali S, Ulfat M, Shafi A, Sadiqa A, Iqbal R, Ahsan F. <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i> (MN900686) Mediated Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Potential of Silver Nanoparticles. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:701-708. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Tufail
- Microbiology Lab, Department of Zoology, Government College University
| | - Iram Liaqat
- Microbiology Lab, Department of Zoology, Government College University
| | - Sikander Ali
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University
| | - Mobina Ulfat
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University
| | - Ayesha Shafi
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Aciences, Riphah International University
| | | | - Riffat Iqbal
- Microbiology Lab, Department of Zoology, Government College University
| | - Fatima Ahsan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
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Sánchez-Lozano I, Hernández-Guerrero CJ, Muñoz-Ochoa M, Hellio C. Biomimetic Approaches for the Development of New Antifouling Solutions: Study of Incorporation of Macroalgae and Sponge Extracts for the Development of New Environmentally-Friendly Coatings. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4863. [PMID: 31574976 PMCID: PMC6801554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofouling causes major economic losses in the maritime industry. In our site study, the Bay of La Paz (Gulf of California), biofouling on immersed structures is a major problem and is treated mostly with copper-based antifouling paints. Due to the known environmental effect of such treatments, the search for environmentally friendly alternatives in this zone of high biodiversity is a priority to ensure the conservation and protection of species. The aim of this work was to link chemical ecology to marine biotechnology: indeed, the natural defense of macroalgae and sponge was evaluated against biofoulers (biofilm and macrofoulers) from the same geographical zone, and some coatings formulation was done for field assays. Our approach combines in vitro and field bioassays to ensure the selection of the best AF agent prospects. The 1st step consisted of the selection of macroalgae (5 species) and sponges (2 species) with surfaces harboring a low level of colonizers; then extracts were prepared and assayed for toxicity against Artemia, activity towards key marine bacteria involved in biofilm formation in the Bay of La Paz, and the potency to inhibit adhesion of macroorganisms (phenoloxidase assays). The most active and non-toxic extracts were further studied for biofouling activity in the adhesion of the bacteria involved in biofilm formation and through incorporation in marine coatings which were immersed in La Paz Bay during 40 days. In vitro assays demonstrated that extracts of Laurencia gardneri, Sargassum horridum (macroalgae), Haliclona caerulea and Ircinia sp. (sponges) were the most promising. The field test results were of high interest as the best formulation were composed of extracts of H. caerulea and S. horridum and led to a reduction of 32% of biofouling compared with the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Sánchez-Lozano
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional S/N. Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
| | - Claudia Judith Hernández-Guerrero
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional S/N. Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
| | - Mauricio Muñoz-Ochoa
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional S/N. Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
| | - Claire Hellio
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, F-29280 Plouzané, France.
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Lorenzo D. Chloramphenicol Resurrected: A Journey from Antibiotic Resistance in Eye Infections to Biofilm and Ocular Microbiota. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7090278. [PMID: 31438629 PMCID: PMC6780676 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of multidrug resistance among pathogenic bacteria is devastating the worth of antibiotics and changing the way of their administration, as well as the approach to use new or old drugs. The crisis of antimicrobial resistance is also due to the unavailability of newer drugs, attributable to exigent regulatory requirements and reduced financial inducements. The emerging resistance to antibiotics worldwide has led to renewed interest in old drugs that have fallen into disuse because of toxic side effects. Thus, comprehensive efforts are needed to minimize the pace of resistance by studying emergent microorganisms and optimize the use of old antimicrobial agents able to maintain their profile of susceptibility. Chloramphenicol is experiencing its renaissance because it is widely used in the treatment and prevention of superficial eye infections due to its broad spectrum of activity and other useful antimicrobial peculiarities, such as the antibiofilm properties. Concerns have been raised in the past for the risk of aplastic anemia when chloramphenicol is given intravenously. Chloramphenicol seems suitable to be used as topical eye formulation for the limited rate of resistance compared to fluoroquinolones, for its scarce induction of bacterial resistance and antibiofilm activity, and for the hypothetical low impact on ocular microbiota disturbance. Further in-vitro and in vivo studies on pharmacodynamics properties of ocular formulation of chloramphenicol, as well as its real impact against biofilm and the ocular microbiota, need to be better addressed in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drago Lorenzo
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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12
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Mosharaf MK, Tanvir MZH, Haque MM, Haque MA, Khan MAA, Molla AH, Alam MZ, Islam MS, Talukder MR. Metal-Adapted Bacteria Isolated From Wastewaters Produce Biofilms by Expressing Proteinaceous Curli Fimbriae and Cellulose Nanofibers. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1334. [PMID: 29988579 PMCID: PMC6026672 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm plays a pivotal role in bioremediation of heavy metals from wastewaters. In this study, we isolated and identified different biofilm producing bacteria from wastewaters. We also characterized the biofilm matrix [i.e., extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)] produced by different bacteria. Out of 40 isolates from different wastewaters, only 11 (27.5%) isolates (static condition at 28°C) and 9 (22.5%) isolates (agitate and static conditions at 28 and 37°C) produced air–liquid (AL) and solid–air–liquid (SAL) biofilms, respectively, only on salt-optimized broth plus 2% glycerol (SOBG) but not in other media tested. Biomass biofilms and bacteria coupled with AL biofilms were significantly (P ≤ 0.001) varied in these isolates. Escherichia coli (isolate ENSD101 and ENST501), Enterobacter asburiae (ENSD102), Enterobacter ludwigii (ENSH201), Pseudomonas fluorescens (ENSH202 and ENSG304), uncultured Vitreoscilla sp. (ENSG301 and ENSG305), Acinetobacter lwoffii (ENSG302), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ENSG303), and Bacillus thuringiensis (ENSW401) were identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed that biofilm matrix produced by E. asburiae ENSD102, uncultured Vitreoscilla sp. ENSG301, A. lwoffii ENSG302, and K. pneumoniae ENSG303 are highly fibrous, compact, and nicely interlinked as compared to the biofilm developed by E. ludwigii ENSH201 and B. thuringiensis ENSW401. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated that biofilm matrix produced by E. asburiae ENSD102, uncultured Vitreoscilla sp. ENSG301, and A. lwoffii ENSG302 are non-crystalline amorphous nature. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed that proteins and polysaccharides are the main components of the biofilms. Congo red binding results suggested that all these bacteria produced proteinaceous curli fimbriae and cellulose-rich polysaccharide. Production of cellulose was also confirmed by Calcofluor binding- and spectrophotometric assays. E. asburiae ENSD102, Vitreoscilla sp. ENSG301, and A. lwoffii ENSG302 were tested for their abilities to form the biofilms exposure to 0 to 2000 mg/L of copper sulfate (for Cu), zinc sulfate (for Zn), lead nitrate (for Pb), nickel chloride (for Ni), and potassium dichromate (for Cr), several concentrations of these metals activated the biofilm formation. The polysaccharides is known to sequester the heavy metals thus, these bacteria might be applied to remove the heavy metals from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Mosharaf
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - M Z H Tanvir
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - M M Haque
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - M A Haque
- Department of Agro-Processing, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - M A A Khan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - A H Molla
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Z Alam
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - M S Islam
- Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M R Talukder
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
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13
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Olender D, Żwawiak J, Zaprutko L. Multidirectional Efficacy of Biologically Active Nitro Compounds Included in Medicines. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:E54. [PMID: 29844300 PMCID: PMC6027522 DOI: 10.3390/ph11020054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The current concept in searching for new bioactive products, including mainly original active substances with potential application in pharmacy and medicine, is based on compounds with a previously determined structure, well-known properties, and biological activity profile. Nowadays, many commonly used drugs originated from natural sources. Moreover, some natural materials have become the source of leading structures for processing further chemical modifications. Many organic compounds with great therapeutic significance have the nitro group in their structure. Very often, nitro compounds are active substances in many well-known preparations belonging to different groups of medicines that are classified according to their pharmacological potencies. Moreover, the nitro group is part of the chemical structure of veterinary drugs. In this review, we describe many bioactive substances with the nitro group, divided into ten categories, including substances with exciting activity and that are currently undergoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Olender
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Justyna Żwawiak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Lucjusz Zaprutko
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland.
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Alaa FM. Effectiveness of exopolysaccharides and biofilm forming plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on salinity tolerance of faba bean (Vicia faba L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.5897/ajmr2018.8822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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15
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Sterren VB, Aiassa V, Garnero C, Linck YG, Chattah AK, Monti GA, Longhi MR, Zoppi A. Preparation of Chloramphenicol/Amino Acid Combinations Exhibiting Enhanced Dissolution Rates and Reduced Drug-Induced Oxidative Stress. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:2910-2918. [PMID: 28429292 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0775-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloramphenicol is an old antibiotic agent that is re-emerging as a valuable alternative for the treatment of multidrug-resistant pathogens. However, it exhibits suboptimal biopharmaceutical properties and toxicity profiles. In this work, chloramphenicol was combined with essential amino acids (arginine, cysteine, glycine, and leucine) with the aim of improving its dissolution rate and reduce its toxicity towards leukocytes. The chloramphenicol/amino acid solid samples were prepared by freeze-drying method and characterized in the solid state by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. The dissolution properties, antimicrobial activity, reactive oxygen species production, and stability of the different samples were studied. The dissolution rate of all combinations was significantly increased in comparison to that of the pure active pharmaceutical ingredient. Additionally, oxidative stress production in human leukocytes caused by chloramphenicol was decreased in the chloramphenicol/amino acid combinations, while the antimicrobial activity of the antibiotic was maintained. The CAP:Leu binary combination resulted in the most outstanding solid system makes it suitable candidate for the development of pharmaceutical formulations of this antimicrobial agent with an improved safety profile.
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González MJ, Robino L, Iribarnegaray V, Zunino P, Scavone P. Effect of different antibiotics on biofilm produced by uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from children with urinary tract infection. Pathog Dis 2017; 75:3821168. [PMID: 28505288 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftx053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- María José González
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Luciana Robino
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Victoria Iribarnegaray
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Zunino
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Paola Scavone
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
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Rehman S, Mujtaba Ghauri S, Sabri AN. Impact of Plant Extracts and Antibiotics on Biofilm Formation of Clinical Isolates From Otitis Media. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2016; 9:e29483. [PMID: 27099692 PMCID: PMC4834028 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.29483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Otitis media can lead to severe health consequences, and is the most common reason for antibiotic prescriptions and biofilm-mediated infections. However, the increased pattern of drug resistance in biofilm forming bacteria complicates the treatment of such infections. Objectives: This study was aimed to estimate the biofilm formation potential of the clinical isolates of otitis media, and to evaluate the efficacy of antibiotics and plant extracts as alternative therapeutic agents in biofilm eradication. Materials and Methods: The ear swab samples collected from the otitis media patients visiting the Mayo Hospital in Lahore were processed to isolate the bacteria, which were characterized using morphological, biochemical, and molecular (16S rRNA ribotyping) techniques. Then, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the antibiotics and crude plant extracts were measured against the isolates. The cell surface hydrophobicity and biofilm formation potential were determined, both qualitatively and quantitatively, with and without antibiotics. Finally, the molecular characterization of the biofilm forming proteins was done by amplifying the ica operon. Results: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (KC417303-05), Staphylococcus hemolyticus (KC417306), and Staphylococcus hominis (KC417307) were isolated from the otitis media specimens. Among the crude plant extracts, Acacia arabica showed significant antibacterial characteristics (MIC up to 13 mg/ml), while these isolates exhibited sensitivity towards ciprofloxacin (MIC 0.2 µg/mL). All of the bacterial strains had hydrophobic cellular surfaces that helped in their adherence to abiotic surfaces, leading to strong biofilm formation potential (up to 7 days). Furthermore, the icaC gene encoding polysaccharide intercellular adhesion protein was amplified from S. hemolyticus. Conclusions: The bacterial isolates exhibited strong biofilm formation potential, while the extracts of Acacia arabica significantly inhibited biofilm formation among the isolates and, therefore, could be executed in the development of cost-effective biofilm inhibitor medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Rehman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Women University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Shahbaz Mujtaba Ghauri
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Mayo Hospital, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anjum Nasim Sabri
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Corresponding author: Anjum Nasim Sabri, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan. Tel: +92-4235952833, Fax: +92-4299230481, E-mail:
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18
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Antibiotic Resistance Related to Biofilm Formation in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Pathogens 2014; 3:743-58. [PMID: 25438022 PMCID: PMC4243439 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens3030743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, Klebsiella pneumoniae, is responsible for causing a spectrum of community-acquired and nosocomial infections and typically infects patients with indwelling medical devices, especially urinary catheters, on which this microorganism is able to grow as a biofilm. The increasingly frequent acquisition of antibiotic resistance by K. pneumoniae strains has given rise to a global spread of this multidrug-resistant pathogen, mostly at the hospital level. This scenario is exacerbated when it is noted that intrinsic resistance to antimicrobial agents dramatically increases when K. pneumoniae strains grow as a biofilm. This review will summarize the findings about the antibiotic resistance related to biofilm formation in K. pneumoniae.
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Li B, Zhang X, Guo F, Wu W, Zhang T. Characterization of tetracycline resistant bacterial community in saline activated sludge using batch stress incubation with high-throughput sequencing analysis. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:4207-4216. [PMID: 23764571 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
An innovative and cost-effective method, i.e., batch stress incubation with tetracycline in combination with Cloning-Sanger sequencing and Illumina high-throughput sequencing was developed to identify tetracycline resistant bacteria (TRB) in activated sludge (AS) treating saline sewage. This method overcomes the drawbacks of culture-based approach (unrepresentative and biased results) and utilizes both the advantages of Cloning-Sanger sequencing and Illumina high-throughput sequencing, that is, long length read for correct taxonomic assignment at lower ranks and enough sequencing depth for accurate quantification of TRB communities with medium to low abundances, respectively. High precision (relative deviation ≤ 16.1%) was obtained for all taxon ranks with relative abundances over 0.01%. In the AS sample, TRB consisted of 13 genera with Haliea, Microbacterium and Paracoccus as dominate genera and 6 new TRB genera, i.e., Haliea, Rheinheimera, Alishewanella, Idiomarina, Pseudorhodobacter and Algoriphagus. The increase of tetG and tetA abundance might be associated with the significant increase of Pseudomonas (tetG and tetA host) in the AS after tetracycline stress incubation. tetS abundance also showed an obvious increase after 20 mg/L tetracycline treatment. This method provided a new tool to screen other antibiotic resistant bacteria, bacteria resistant to heavy metals or disinfectants in AS samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Environmental Biotechnology Lab, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Qurashi AW, Sabri AN. Bacterial exopolysaccharide and biofilm formation stimulate chickpea growth and soil aggregation under salt stress. Braz J Microbiol 2012; 43:1183-91. [PMID: 24031943 PMCID: PMC3768896 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220120003000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To compensate for stress imposed by salinity, biofilm formation and exopolysaccharide production are significant strategies of salt tolerant bacteria to assist metabolism. We hypothesized that two previously isolated salt-tolerant strains Halomonas variabilis (HT1) and Planococcus rifietoensis (RT4) have an ability to improve plant growth, These strains can form biofilm and accumulate exopolysacharides at increasing salt stress. These results showed that bacteria might be involved in developing microbial communities under salt stress and helpful in colonizing of bacterial strains to plant roots and soil particles. Eventually, it can add to the plant growth and soil structure. We investigated the comparative effect of exopolysacharide and biofilm formation in two bacterial strains Halomonas variabilis (HT1) and Planococcus rifietoensis (RT4) in response to varying salt stress. We found that biofilm formation and exopolysaccharide accumulation increased at higher salinity. To check the effect of bacterial inoculation on the plant (Cicer arietinum Var. CM-98) growth and soil aggregation, pot experiment was conducted by growing seedlings under salt stress. Inoculation of both strains increased plant growth at elevated salt stress. Weight of soil aggregates attached with roots and present in soil were added at higher salt concentrations compared to untreated controls. Soil aggregation was higher at plant roots under salinity. These results suggest the feasibility of using above strains in improving plant growth and soil fertility under salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Waheed Qurashi
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore-54590
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Řezanka T, Čejková A, Masák J. Natural Products: Strategic Tools for Modulation of Biofilm Formation. BIOACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-59530-0.00010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Qurashi AW, Sabri AN. Biofilm formation in moderately halophilic bacteria is influenced by varying salinity levels. J Basic Microbiol 2011; 52:566-72. [PMID: 22144335 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201100253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria in a biofilm have a co-dependent lifestyle resulting in a harmonized and complex coordination of the bacterial cells within an exopolysaccharide (EPS) matrix. We hypothesized that biofilm formation and EPS production in salt-tolerant bacteria are helpful for plant growth improvement in saline soil, but that they are influenced differently. To investigate this hypothesis, we tested the effect of different salinity levels on the biofilm formation of the bacterial strains PAa6 (Halomonas meridiana), HT2 (Kushneria indalinina) and ST2 (Halomonas aquamarina) on different abiotic and biotic surfaces. Maximum biofilm formation was established at 1 M salt concentration. However, EPS production was maximal at 0-1 M NaCl stress. We also studied the effect of salt stress on EPS produced by the bacterial strains and confirmed the presence of EPS on Cicer arietinum var. CM 98 roots and in soil at different salinity levels, using Alcian blue staining. Overall, the strain PAa6 was more effective in biofilm formation and EPS production. Under saline and non-saline conditions, this strain also colonized the plant roots more efficiently as compared to the other two strains. We conclude that the strain PAa6 has the potential of biofilm formation and EPS production at different salinity levels. The presence of EPS in the biofilm helped the bacterial strains to better colonize the roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Waheed Qurashi
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Mirani ZA, Jamil N. Effect of sub-lethal doses of vancomycin and oxacillin on biofilm formation by vancomycin intermediate resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Basic Microbiol 2010; 51:191-5. [PMID: 20967790 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201000221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are means of protection to bacteria against antibiotics and antibodies. Catheters and others tube devices used by patients are prone to accumulation of thick layers of biofilms as hiding place for etiologic agents, resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of hospital-acquired infections. Vancomycin remains the only treatment of choice for MRSA infections. In the present study a vancomycin resistant S. aureus (VRSA) (Labeled as CP2) was isolated from the blood of a post-operative cardiac patient. It harbors a plasmid which carry vanA gene and exhibited low-level vancomycin resistance (MIC 16 μg/ml), high level of oxacillin/methicillin resistance (MIC 500 μg/ml) and was sensitive to teicoplanin. CP2 also found to carry icaA gene on its chromosome. This strain exhibited resistance to triton-X100 induced autolysis under sub-inhibitory concentration of vancomycin and produced some extracellular matrix material that surrounding the cells. These characteristic features have warranted us to study the biofilm formation by CP2 on biomedical indwellings in presence of vancomycin and oxacillin. Our findings suggest that sub-lethal dose of vancomycin induced the biofilm formation by CP2 on nylon and silicon indwellings whereas oxacillin facilitated the biofilm formation on glass surfaces exclusively. This implicates that not only the antibiotics but also the indwelling material influences biofilm formation. Therefore, these implants serve as potential surfaces for bacterial adhesion that lead to biofilm formation, thus provide hiding places for pathogens from the actions of antimicrobials.
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Masood SH, Aslam N. In Vitro Susceptibility Test of Different Clinical Isolates against Ceftriaxone. Oman Med J 2010; 25:199-202. [PMID: 22043337 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2010.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 06/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Because of the prevailing penicillin resistance in microorganisms, broad spectrum cephalosporins are used empirically specially in developing countries. The aim of this study is to determine the susceptibility pattern of different gram positive and gram negative pathogens against third generation cephalosporin-ceftriaxone to explore the existing effectiveness of this antibiotic. METHODS 180 clinical isolates of different gram positive and gram negative pathogens including P.mirabilis, S. typhi P.aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus and Klebsiella were collected from blood and urine samples of in-patients. 30 isolates of all species were tested against each of six brands of ceftriaxone using in vitro sensitivity tests by disc diffusion method (NCCLS criteria). The susceptibility limit was ≥21 mm zone of inhibition, while moderately susceptible was considered at 20-14 mm, and those isolates which showed >13 mm or no zone of inhibition were resistant to this antibacterial drug. RESULTS Ceftriaxone was found most effective against S. aureus. While 96.1% of the isolates showed susceptibility towards ceftriaxone, followed by E. coli (95%), P. aeruginosa (92.7%), K. pneumonia (89.4%) and S. typhi (87.2%). P. mirabilis showed lowest susceptibility amongst all the test organisms (83.8%). CONCLUSION Ceftriaxone can be used as a drug of choice in infections caused by S. aureus, E. coli, P. aurigenosa, K. pneumonia and S. typhi. However, it should be used with other antimicrobial agents in order to increase its effectiveness against P. mirabilis.
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Juang YC, Adav SS, Lee DJ, Lai JY. Biodiversity in aerobic granule membrane bioreactor at high organic loading rates. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 85:383-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2227-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 08/22/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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