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Choi YR, Na HJ, Lee JA, Kim Y, Kim YS, Kim MJ. Discovery of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, a novel olfactory receptor 2AT4 agonist that regulates proliferation and apoptosis in leukemia cells. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30298. [PMID: 38778941 PMCID: PMC11108860 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Olfactory receptors (ORs), the largest family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), are ectopically expressed in cancer cells and are involved in cellular physiological processes, but their function as anticancer targets is still potential. OR2AT4 is expressed in leukemia cells, influencing the proliferation and apoptosis, yet the limited number of known OR2AT4 agonists makes it challenging to fully generalize the receptor's function. In this study, we aimed to identify new ligands for OR2AT4 and to investigate their functions and mechanisms in K562 leukemia cells. After producing the recombinant OR2AT4 protein, immobilizing it on a surface plasmon resonance chip, and conducting screening to confirm binding activity using 258 chemicals, five novel OR2AT4 ligands were discovered. As a result of examining changes in intracellular calcium by five ligands in OR2AT4-expressing cells and K562 cells, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was identified as an OR2AT4 agonist in both cells. EGCG reduced the viability of K562 cells and induced apoptosis in K562 cells. EGCG increased the expression of cleaved caspase 3/8 and had no effect on the expression of Bax and Bcl-2, indicating that it induced apoptosis through the extrinsic pathway. Additionally, the initiation of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway in EGCG-induced K562 cells was due to the activation of OR2AT4, using an OR2AT4 antagonist. This study highlights the potential of EGCG as an anti-cancer agent against leukemia and OR2AT4 as a target, making it a new anti-cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yae Rim Choi
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Na
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ah Lee
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yiseul Kim
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Kim
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
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2
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Kim SO, Kim SG, Ahn H, Yoo J, Jang J, Park TH. Ni-rGO Sensor Combined with Human Olfactory Receptor-Embedded Nanodiscs for Detecting Gas-Phase DMMP as a Simulant of Nerve Agents. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3095-3103. [PMID: 37555584 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Nerve agents are organophosphorus toxic chemicals that can inhibit acetylcholinesterase, leading to paralysis of the nervous system and death. Early detection of nerve agents is important for safety issues. Dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) is widely used as a simulant of nerve agents, and many studies have been conducted using DMMP as a substitute for detecting nerve agents. Despite many studies on sensors for detecting DMMP, they have limitations in sensitivity and selectivity. To overcome these limitations, a nickel-decorated reduced graphene oxide (Ni-rGO) sensor with human olfactory receptor hOR2T7 nanodiscs was utilized to create a bioelectronic nose platform for DMMP gas detection. hOR2T7 was produced and reconstituted into nanodiscs for enhancing the sensor's stability, especially for detection in a gas phase. It could detect DMMP gas selectively and repeatedly at a concentration of 1 ppb. This sensitive and selective bioelectronic nose can be applied as a practical tool for the detection of gaseous chemical warfare agents in military and safety fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Ong Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gun Kim
- Samsung Electronics, San #16 Banwol-Dong, Hwasung, Gyeonggi-do 18448, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyenjin Ahn
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yoo
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jyongsik Jang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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3
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Cho S, Park TH. Advances in the Production of Olfactory Receptors for Industrial Use. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200251. [PMID: 36593488 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In biological olfactory systems, olfactory receptors (ORs) can recognize and discriminate between thousands of volatile organic compounds with very high sensitivity and specificity. The superior properties of ORs have led to the development of OR-based biosensors that have shown promising potential in many applications over the past two decades. In particular, newly designed technologies in gene synthesis, protein expression, solubilization, purification, and membrane mimetics for membrane proteins have greatly opened up the previously inaccessible industrial potential of ORs. In this review, gene design, expression and solubilization strategies, and purification and reconstitution methods available for modern industrial applications are examined, with a focus on ORs. The limitations of current OR production technology are also estimated, and future directions for further progress are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongyeon Cho
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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Bio-Inspired Strategies for Improving the Selectivity and Sensitivity of Artificial Noses: A Review. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20061803. [PMID: 32214038 PMCID: PMC7146165 DOI: 10.3390/s20061803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Artificial noses are broad-spectrum multisensors dedicated to the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Despite great recent progress, they still suffer from a lack of sensitivity and selectivity. We will review, in a systemic way, the biomimetic strategies for improving these performance criteria, including the design of sensing materials, their immobilization on the sensing surface, the sampling of VOCs, the choice of a transduction method, and the data processing. This reflection could help address new applications in domains where high-performance artificial noses are required such as public security and safety, environment, industry, or healthcare.
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5
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Li J, Liu X, Man Y, Chen Q, Pei D, Wu W. Cell-free expression, purification and characterization of Drosophila melanogaster odorant receptor OR42a and its co-receptor. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 159:27-33. [PMID: 30872132 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory receptors (OR), a group of classic membrane proteins, plays a vital role in insect reproduction and acclimatization. Deciphering the molecular mechanism of insect olfaction could enhance pest control and environmental protection. Studies on ORs have faced a major bottleneck due to the notoriously strong hydrophobicity of ORs, which results in difficult expression in heterologous cell systems. Here, we demonstrated that insect ORs could be functionally produced using the E. coli cell-free protein synthesis system (CFPS), in which the highest yield of total ORs is 350 μg per 1 ml reaction. We tested the effects of detergent types and concentrations on soluble expression of ORs. The ORs showed a classic α-helical infrared spectrum. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) was used to demonstrate that ORs fold correctly and respond to their ligands. This is the first report that insect OR42a could be functionally produced in vitro. This approach may facilitate the development of biomimetic olfactory biosensors and may also be utilized for drug positioning and development, environmental protection and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Li
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Xingping Liu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Yahui Man
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Di Pei
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjian Wu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.
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Wasilewski T, Szulczyński B, Kamysz W, Gębicki J, Namieśnik J. Evaluation of Three Peptide Immobilization Techniques on a QCM Surface Related to Acetaldehyde Responses in the Gas Phase. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18113942. [PMID: 30441858 PMCID: PMC6264005 DOI: 10.3390/s18113942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The quartz-crystal microbalance is a sensitive and universal tool for measuring concentrations of various gases in the air. Biochemical functionalization of the QCM electrode allows a label-free detection of specific molecular interactions with high sensitivity and specificity. In addition, it enables a real-time determination of its kinetic rates and affinity constants. This makes QCM a versatile bioanalytical screening tool for various applications, with surface modifications ranging from the detection of single molecular monolayers to whole cells. Various types of biomaterials, including peptides mapping the binding sites of olfactory receptors, can be deposited as a sensitive element on the surface of the electrodes. One of key ways to ensure the sensitivity and accuracy of the sensor is provided by application of an optimal and repeatable method of immobilization. Therefore, effective sensors operation requires development of an optimal method of deposition. This paper reviews popular techniques (drop-casting, spin-coating, dip-coating) for coating peptides on piezoelectric crystals surface. Peptide (LEKKKKDC-NH₂) derived from an aldehyde binding site in the HarmOBP7 protein was synthesized and used as a sensing material for the biosensor. The degree of deposition of the sensitive layer was monitoring by variations in the sensors frequency. The highest mass threshold for QCM measurements for peptides was approximately 16.43 µg·mm-2 for spin coating method. Developed sensor exhibited repeatable response to acetaldehyde. Moreover, responses to toluene was observed to evaluate sensors specificity. Calibration curves of the three sensors showed good determination coefficients (R² > 0.99) for drop casting and dip coating and 0.97 for the spin-coating method. Sensors sensitivity vs. acetaldehyde were significantly higher for the dip-coating and drop-casting methods and lower for spin-coating one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Wasilewski
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Szulczyński
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Jacek Gębicki
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
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Kwon OS, Song HS, Park TH, Jang J. Conducting Nanomaterial Sensor Using Natural Receptors. Chem Rev 2018; 119:36-93. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oh Seok Kwon
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Nanobiotechnology and Bioinformatics (Major), University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Song
- Sensor System Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jyongsik Jang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Zhang X, Cheng J, Wu L, Mei Y, Jaffrezic-Renault N, Guo Z. An overview of an artificial nose system. Talanta 2018; 184:93-102. [PMID: 29674088 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.02.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present review describes recent advances in the development of an artificial nose system based on olfactory receptors and various sensing platforms. The kind of artificial nose, the production of olfactory receptors, the sensor platform for signal conversion and the application of the artificial nose system based on olfactory receptors and various sensing platforms are presented. The associated transduction modes are also discussed. The paper presents a review of the latest achievements and a critical evaluation of the state of the art in the field of artificial nose systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Zhang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Lei Wu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Yong Mei
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
| | - Nicole Jaffrezic-Renault
- Institute of Analytical Sciences, UMR-CNRS 5280, University of Lyon, 5, La Doua Street, Villeurbanne 69100, France.
| | - Zhenzhong Guo
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
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9
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Yang H, Lee M, Kim D, Hong S, Park TH. Bioelectronic Nose Using Olfactory Receptor-Embedded Nanodiscs. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1820:239-249. [PMID: 29884950 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8609-5_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory receptors (ORs) are the largest family of the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which are significantly involved in many human diseases and 40% of all drug targets. A platform containing stable and high-quality OR would be a powerful tool for the development of a practical biosensor that can be applied to various applications, such as the early diagnosis of diseases, assessment of food quality, and drug and fragrance development. Significant efforts have been made to develop the biosensor using GPCRs; nevertheless, they remain a challenge. This chapter describes an attractive methodology for the development of a stable bioelectronic nose using OR-embedded nanodiscs. The ORs were produced in Escherichia coli (E. coli), purified with column chromatography, reconstituted into nanodiscs and applied to a carbon nanotube-field effect transistor (CNT-FET) with floating electrodes. The nanodisc-based bioelectronic nose exhibits high-performance in terms of sensitivity, selectivity and stability. This strategy can be used as a practical method for the receptor-based sensing approach, which represents significant progress in nano-bio technology toward a practical biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heehong Yang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minju Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daesan Kim
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seunghun Hong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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10
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Yang H, Kim D, Kim J, Moon D, Song HS, Lee M, Hong S, Park TH. Nanodisc-Based Bioelectronic Nose Using Olfactory Receptor Produced in Escherichia coli for the Assessment of the Death-Associated Odor Cadaverine. ACS NANO 2017; 11:11847-11855. [PMID: 29121467 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b04992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cadaverine (CV), a death-associated odor, is an important target molecule for various sensor applications, including the evaluation of food spoilage. In this study, we developed an oriented nanodisc (ND)-functionalized bioelectronic nose (ONBN), based on carbon nanotube transistors and nanodiscs embedded with an olfactory receptor produced in Escherichia coli (E. coli) for detection of CV. To fabricate ONBN devices, a trace-amine-associated receptor 13c (TAAR13c) binding to CV was produced in E. coli, purified, reconstituted into NDs, and assembled, in the desired orientation, onto a carbon- nanotube-based field-effect transistor with floating electrodes. The ONBN showed high performance in terms of sensitivity and selectivity. Moreover, the ONBN was used to measure CV in diverse real-food samples for the determination of food freshness. These results indicate ONBN devices can be utilized to evaluate the quality of food samples quantitatively, which should enable versatile practical applications such as food safety and preservative development. Moreover, the ONBN could provide a useful tool for detection of corpses, which could be practically used in disaster responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heehong Yang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Daesan Kim
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongsu Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongseok Moon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Song
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI) , Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghun Hong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Park SJ, Yang H, Lee SH, Song HS, Park CS, Bae J, Kwon OS, Park TH, Jang J. Dopamine Receptor D1 Agonism and Antagonism Using a Field-Effect Transistor Assay. ACS NANO 2017; 11:5950-5959. [PMID: 28558184 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The field-effect transistor (FET) has been used in the development of diagnostic tools for several decades, leading to high-performance biosensors. Therefore, the FET platform can provide the foundation for the next generation of analytical methods. A major role of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is in the transfer of external signals into the cell and promoting human body functions; thus, their principle application is in the screening of new drugs. The research community uses efficient systems to screen potential GPCR drugs; nevertheless, the need to develop GPCR-conjugated analytical devices remains for next-generation new drug screening. In this study, we proposed an approach for studying receptor agonism and antagonism by combining the roles of FETs and GPCRs in a dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1)-conjugated FET system, which is a suitable substitute for conventional cell-based receptor assays. DRD1 was reconstituted and purified to mimic native binding pockets that have highly discriminative interactions with DRD1 agonists/antagonists. The real-time responses from the DRD1-nanohybrid FET were highly sensitive and selective for dopamine agonists/antagonists, and their maximal response levels were clearly different depending on their DRD1 affinities. Moreover, the equilibrium constants (K) were estimated by fitting the response levels. Each K value indicates the variation in the affinity between DRD1 and the agonists/antagonists; a greater K value corresponds to a stronger DRD1 affinity in agonism, whereas a lower K value in antagonism indicates a stronger dopamine-blocking effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Joo Park
- Harzards Monitoring Bionano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Heehong Yang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Song
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI) , Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Soon Park
- Harzards Monitoring Bionano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonwon Bae
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University , Seoul 02748, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh Seok Kwon
- Harzards Monitoring Bionano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jyongsik Jang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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12
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Chen Z, Zhao H, Fu N, Chen L. The diversified function and potential therapy of ectopic olfactory receptors in non-olfactory tissues. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2104-2115. [PMID: 28338216 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory receptors (ORs) are mainly distributed in olfactory neurons and play a key role in detecting volatile odorants, eventually resulting in the production of smell perception. Recently, it is also reported that ORs are expressed in non-olfactory tissues including heart, lung, sperm, skin, and cancerous tissues. Interestingly, ectopic ORs are associated with the development of diseases in non-olfactory tissues. For instance, ectopic ORs initiate the hypoxic ventilatory responses and maintain the oxygen homeostasis of breathing in the carotid body when oxygen levels decline. Ectopic ORs induce glucose homeostasis in diabetes. Ectopic ORs regulate systemic blood pressure by increasing renin secretion and vasodilation. Ectopic ORs participate in the process of tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and invasiveness. Ectopic ORs accelerate the occurrence of obesity, angiogenesis and wound-healing processes. Ectopic ORs affect fetal hemoglobin levels in sickle cell anemia and thalassemia. Finally, we also elaborate some ligands targeting for ORs. Obviously, the diversified function and related signal pathway of ectopic ORs may play a potential therapeutic target in non-olfactory tissues. Thus, this review focuses on the latest research results about the diversified function and therapeutic potential of ectopic ORs in non-olfactory tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Nian Fu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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13
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Park SJ, Lee SH, Yang H, Park CS, Lee CS, Kwon OS, Park TH, Jang J. Human Dopamine Receptor-Conjugated Multidimensional Conducting Polymer Nanofiber Membrane for Dopamine Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:28897-28903. [PMID: 27712050 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In the brain and central nervous system, dopamine plays a crucial role as a neurotransmitter or a local chemical messenger for interneuronal communication. Dopamine is associated with renal, hormonal, and cardiovascular systems. Additionally, dopamine dysfunction is known to cause serious illnesses, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, dopamine detection is essential for medical diagnosis and disease prevention and requires a novel strategy with high sensitivity and selectivity and a rapid response. Herein, we present a novel human dopamine receptor (hDRD1)-conjugated multidimensional conducting polymer nanofiber (NF) membrane for the selective and sensitive detection of dopamine. The membrane, which consists of multidimensional carboxylated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (MCPEDOT) NFs with nanorods, is used as a transistor in a liquid-ion gated field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensor. Interestingly, hDRD1 is first expressed in Escherichia coli before it is immobilized onto the MCPEDOT NF. The hDRD1-MCPEDOT NF-based FET exhibits a rapid real-time response (<2 s) with high dopamine selectivity and sensitivity performance (approximately 100 fM). Furthermore, this FET device can be integrated into a poly(dimethylsiloxane)-based microfluidic system and also can retain its high performance in the integrated system, which results in the generation of large-scale dopamine biosensors with a novel geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Joo Park
- Center for Integrated Smart Sensors (CISS), KAIST , Daejon 305-701, Republic of Korea
- Harzards Monitoring BioNano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Chul Soon Park
- Harzards Monitoring BioNano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Soo Lee
- Harzards Monitoring BioNano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh Seok Kwon
- Harzards Monitoring BioNano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea
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Wasilewski T, Gębicki J, Kamysz W. Bioelectronic nose: Current status and perspectives. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 87:480-494. [PMID: 27592240 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A characteristic feature of human and animal organs of smell is the ability to identify hundreds of thousands of odours. It is accompanied by particular smell sensations, which are a basic source of information about odour mixture. The main structural elements of biological smell systems are the olfactory receptors. Small differences in a structure of odorous molecules (odorants) can lead to significant change of odour, which is due to the fact that each of the olfactory receptors is coded with different gene and usually corresponds to different type of odour. Discovery and characterisation of the gene family coding the olfactory receptors contributed to the elaboration and development of the electronic smell systems, the so-called bioelectronic noses. The olfactory receptors are employed as a biological element in this type of instruments. An electronic system includes a converter part, which allows measurement and processing of generated signals. A suitable data analysis system is also required to visualise the results. Application potentialities of the bioelectronic noses are focused on the fields of economy and science where highly selective and sensitive analysis of odorous substances is required. The paper presents a review of the latest achievements and critical evaluation of the state of art in the field of bioelectronic noses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Wasilewski
- Medical University of Gdansk, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland, Al. Hallera 107, Gdansk 80-416, Poland.
| | - Jacek Gębicki
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12 Str., Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Medical University of Gdansk, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland, Al. Hallera 107, Gdansk 80-416, Poland
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Tromelin
- CNRS; UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation; F-21000 Dijon France
- INRA; UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation; F-21000 Dijon France
- Université de Bourgogne; UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation; F-21000 Dijon France
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Guo Z, Zine N, Lagarde F, Daligault J, Persuy MA, Pajot-Augy E, Zhang A, Jaffrezic-Renault N. A novel platform based on immobilized histidine tagged olfactory receptors, for the amperometric detection of an odorant molecule characteristic of boar taint. Food Chem 2015; 184:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Coupling of olfactory receptor and ion channel for rapid and sensitive visualization of odorant response. Acta Biomater 2015; 22:1-7. [PMID: 25931017 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the human smell sensing system, there are about 390 kinds of olfactory receptors (ORs) which bind to various odorants with different affinities and specificities. Characterization and odorant binding pattern analysis of the ORs are essential for understanding of human olfaction and to mimic the olfactory system in various applications. Although various cell-based odorant screening systems have been developed for this purpose, many human ORs (hORs) still remain orphan because of the time-consuming and labor-intensive experimental procedures of the available screening methods. In this study, we constructed an ion channel-coupled hOR for simple odorant detection by rapidly visualizing the odorant response to overcome the limitations of conventional screening systems. The hORs were coupled to the Kir6.2 potassium channel and the fusion proteins were expressed in HEK293 cells. In this system, when an odorant binds to the hORs coupled to the ion channel, a conformational change in the OR occurs, which consequently opens the ion channel to result in ion influx into the cell. This ion influx was then visualized using a membrane potential dye. Cells expressing ion channel-coupled hORs showed high sensitivity and selectivity to their specific odorants, and the odorant-hOR binding pattern was visualized to identify the response of individual hORs to various odorants, as well as the response of various hORs to various odorants. These results indicate that the ion channel-coupled hOR system can be effectively used not only for simple and fast high-throughput odorant screening, but also to visualize the odorant-hOR response pattern.
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18
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Purification and functional reconstitution of human olfactory receptor expressed in Escherichia coli. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-014-0897-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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19
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Park HH, Sohn Y, Yeo JW, Park JH, Lee HJ, Ryu J, Rhee WJ, Park TH. Dimerization of 30Kc19 protein in the presence of amphiphilic moiety and importance of Cys-57 during cell penetration. Biotechnol J 2014; 9:1582-93. [PMID: 25143246 PMCID: PMC4283735 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the recombinant 30Kc19 protein, originating from silkworm hemolymph of Bombyx mori has attracted attention due to its cell-penetrating property and potential application as a protein delivery system. However, this observation of penetration across cell membrane has raised questions concerning the interaction of the protein-lipid bilayer. Here, we report a dimerization propensity of the 30Kc19 protein in the presence of amphiphilic moieties; sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or phospholipid. Native PAGE showed that the 30Kc19 monomer formed a dimer when SDS or phospholipid was present. In the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pull-down assay, supplementation of the 30Kc19 protein to mammalian cell culture medium showed dimerization and penetration; due to phospholipids at the cell membrane, the main components of the lipid bilayer. Mutagenesis was performed, and penetration was observed by 30Kc19 C76A and not 30Kc19 C57A, which meant that the presence of cysteine at position 57 (Cys-57) is involved in dimerization of the 30Kc19 at the cell membrane during penetration. We anticipate application of the native 30Kc19 protein with high cell-penetrating efficiency for delivery of cargos to various cell types. The intracellular cargo delivery using the 30Kc19 protein is a non-virus derived (e.g. TAT) delivery method, which can open up new approaches for the delivery of therapeutics in bioindustries, such as pharma- and cosmeceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Ho Park
- The School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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20
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Kim B, Song HS, Jin HJ, Park EJ, Lee SH, Lee BY, Park TH, Hong S. Highly selective and sensitive detection of neurotransmitters using receptor-modified single-walled carbon nanotube sensors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:285501. [PMID: 23792421 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/28/285501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We present receptor-modified carbon nanotube sensors for the highly selective and sensitive detection of acetylcholine (ACh), one kind of neurotransmitter. Here, we successfully expressed the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M1 mAChR), a family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), in E. coli and coated single-walled carbon nanotube (swCNT)-field effect transistors (FETs) with lipid membrane including the receptor, enabling highly selective and sensitive ACh detection. Using this sensor, we could detect ACh at 100 pM concentration. Moreover, we showed that this sensor could selectively detect ACh among other neurotransmitters. This is the first demonstration of the real-time detection of ACh using specific binding between ACh and M1 mAChR, and it may lead to breakthroughs for various applications such as disease diagnosis and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeongju Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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21
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22
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Esmaelizad M, Ahmadian G, Aghaiypour K, Shamsara M, Paykari H, Tebianian M. Induction of prominent Th1 response in C57Bl/6 mice immunized with an E.coli-expressed multi T-cell epitope EgA31 antigen against Echinococcus granulosus. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2013; 60:28-34. [DOI: 10.14411/fp.2013.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Song HS, Kwon OS, Lee SH, Park SJ, Kim UK, Jang J, Park TH. Human taste receptor-functionalized field effect transistor as a human-like nanobioelectronic tongue. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:172-8. [PMID: 23176205 DOI: 10.1021/nl3038147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a human taste receptor protein, hTAS2R38-functionalized carboxylated polypyrrole nanotube (CPNT)-field effect transistor (FET) as a nanobioelectronic tongue (nbe-tongue) that displayed human-like performance with high sensitivity and selectivity. Taster type (PAV) and nontaster type (AVI) hTAS2R38s were expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) at a high level and immobilized on a CPNT-FET sensor platform. Among the various tastants examined, PAV-CPNT-FET exclusively responded to target bitterness compounds, phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and propylthiouracil (PROP), with high sensitivity at concentrations as low as 1 fM. However, no significant changes were observed in the AVI-CPNT-FET in response to the target bitter tastants. This nbe-tongue exhibited different bitter-taste perception of compounds containing thiourea (N-C═S) moieties such as PTC, PROP, and antithyroid toxin in vegetables, which corresponded to the haplotype of hTAS2R38 immobilized on CPNTs. This correlation with the type of receptor is very similar to the human taste system. Thus, the artificial taste sensor developed in this study allowed for the efficient detection of target tastants in mixture and real food sample with a human-like performance and high sensitivity. Furthermore, our nbe-tongue could be utilized as a substitute for cell-based assays and to better understand the mechanisms of human taste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Seok Song
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea
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24
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Salon JA, Lodowski DT, Palczewski K. The significance of G protein-coupled receptor crystallography for drug discovery. Pharmacol Rev 2012; 63:901-37. [PMID: 21969326 DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.003350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Crucial as molecular sensors for many vital physiological processes, seven-transmembrane domain G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise the largest family of proteins targeted by drug discovery. Together with structures of the prototypical GPCR rhodopsin, solved structures of other liganded GPCRs promise to provide insights into the structural basis of the superfamily's biochemical functions and assist in the development of new therapeutic modalities and drugs. One of the greatest technical and theoretical challenges to elucidating and exploiting structure-function relationships in these systems is the emerging concept of GPCR conformational flexibility and its cause-effect relationship for receptor-receptor and receptor-effector interactions. Such conformational changes can be subtle and triggered by relatively small binding energy effects, leading to full or partial efficacy in the activation or inactivation of the receptor system at large. Pharmacological dogma generally dictates that these changes manifest themselves through kinetic modulation of the receptor's G protein partners. Atomic resolution information derived from increasingly available receptor structures provides an entrée to the understanding of these events and practically applying it to drug design. Supported by structure-activity relationship information arising from empirical screening, a unified structural model of GPCR activation/inactivation promises to both accelerate drug discovery in this field and improve our fundamental understanding of structure-based drug design in general. This review discusses fundamental problems that persist in drug design and GPCR structural determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Salon
- Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Incorporated, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
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25
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Kwon OS, Ahn SR, Park SJ, Song HS, Lee SH, Lee JS, Hong JY, Lee JS, You SA, Yoon H, Park TH, Jang J. Ultrasensitive and selective recognition of peptide hormone using close-packed arrays of hPTHR-conjugated polymer nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2012; 6:5549-5558. [PMID: 22650249 DOI: 10.1021/nn301482x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of diverse hormones in the human body is a highly significant challenge because numerous diseases can be affected by hormonal imbalances. However, the methodologies reported to date for detecting hormones have exhibited limited performance. Therefore, development of innovative methods is still a major concern in hormone-sensing applications. In this study, we report an immobilization-based approach to facilitate formation of close-packed arrays of carboxylated polypyrrole nanoparticles (CPPyNPs) and their integration with human parathyroid hormone receptor (hPTHR), which is a B-class family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Our devices enabled use of an electrically controllable liquid-ion-gated field-effect transistor by using the surrounding phosphate-buffered saline solution (pH 7.4) as electrolyte solution. Field-induced signals from the peptide hormone sensors were observed and provided highly sensitive and selective recognition of target molecules at unprecedentedly low concentrations (ca. 48 fM). This hormone sensor also showed long-term stability and excellent selectivity in fetal bovine serum. Importantly, the hormone receptor attached on the surface of CPPyNPs enabled GPCR functional studies; synergistic effects corresponding to increased hPTH peptide length were monitored. These results demonstrate that close-packed CPPyNP arrays are a promising approach for high-performance biosensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh Seok Kwon
- World Class University Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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26
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Orel M, Padrós E, Manyosa J. Structural features of the C-terminus from the human neurokinin-1 receptor. FEBS J 2012; 279:2357-67. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08614.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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27
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Lee SH, Kwon OS, Song HS, Park SJ, Sung JH, Jang J, Park TH. Mimicking the human smell sensing mechanism with an artificial nose platform. Biomaterials 2011; 33:1722-9. [PMID: 22153868 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Sensing smell is a highly complex biological process, and characterizing and mimicking the interaction between the olfactory receptor (OR) protein and its ligands is extremely challenging. Herein, we report a highly sensitive and selective human nose-like nanobioelectronic nose (nbe-nose), which responds to gaseous odorants sensitively and selectively, has a signal specificity pattern similar to that in the cellular signal transduction pathway, and maintains an antagonistic behavior similar to the human nose. The human olfaction mechanism was mimicked by using carboxylated polypyrrole nanotubes (CPNTs) functionalized with human OR protein. The nbe-nose was able to detect gaseous odorants at a concentration as low as 0.02 parts-per-trillion (ppt), which was comparable to a highly trained, human expert's nose. The nbe-nose can be used scientifically for smell mechanism studies. It can be also applied to various fields that rely on smell monitoring for industrial and public purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hun Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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28
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Lee SH, Jin HJ, Song HS, Hong S, Park TH. Bioelectronic nose with high sensitivity and selectivity using chemically functionalized carbon nanotube combined with human olfactory receptor. J Biotechnol 2011; 157:467-72. [PMID: 21945089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (swCNTs) hold great promise for use as molecular wires because they exhibit high electrical conductivity and chemical stability. However, constructing swCNT-based transducer devices requires controlled strategies for assembling biomolecules on swCNTs. In this study, we proposed a chemically modified swCNT. The swCNT was functionalized with 1,5-diaminonaphthalene via π-stacking, for reliable attachment of the human olfactory receptor 2AG1 (hOR2AG1). The human olfactory receptor was then anchored. We investigated the use of this functionalized CNT in the fabrication of a highly sensitive and selective bioelectronic nose. For the bioelectronic nose, the swCNT-field effect transistor (FET) platform was composed of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated regions to prevent non-specific absorption and chemically modified swCNTs regions containing hOR2AG1, which can bind to the specific odorant. This approach allowed us to create well-defined micron-scale patterns of hOR2AG1 on the swCNTs. Our bioelectronic nose displayed ultrahigh sensitivity down to concentrations as low as 1fM due to the enhanced hOR2AG1-odorant interaction through the tight binding of hOR2AG1 on the chemically modified swCNTs. In addition, the approach described here may provide an alternative route for multiplexed detection of diverse odorants and to improve the sensitivity of sensor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hun Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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29
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Park DW, Kim SS, Nam MK, Kim GY, Kim J, Rhim H. Improved recovery of active GST-fusion proteins from insoluble aggregates: solubilization and purification conditions using PKM2 and HtrA2 as model proteins. BMB Rep 2011; 44:279-84. [PMID: 21524355 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2011.44.4.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The glutathione S-transferase (GST) system is useful for increasing protein solubility and purifying soluble GST fusion proteins. However, purifying half of the GST fusion proteins is still difficult, because they are virtually insoluble under non-denaturing conditions. To optimize a simple and rapid purification condition for GST-pyruvate kinase muscle 2 (GST-PKM2) protein, we used 1% sarkosyl for lysis and a 1:200 ratio of sarkosyl to Triton X-100 (S-T) for purification. We purified the GST-PKM2 protein with a high yield, approximately 5 mg/L culture, which was 33 times higher than that prepared using a conventional method. Notably, the GST-high-temperature requirement A2 (GST-HtrA2) protein, used as a model protein for functional activity, fully maintained its proteolytic activity, even when purified under our S-T condition. This method may be useful to apply to other biologically important proteins that become highly insoluble in the prokaryotic expression system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Wook Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea
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30
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Dahoun T, Grasso L, Vogel H, Pick H. Recombinant Expression and Functional Characterization of Mouse Olfactory Receptor mOR256-17 in Mammalian Cells. Biochemistry 2011; 50:7228-35. [DOI: 10.1021/bi2008596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thamani Dahoun
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luigino Grasso
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Horst Vogel
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Horst Pick
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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31
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Kim TH, Song HS, Jin HJ, Lee SH, Namgung S, Kim UK, Park TH, Hong S. "Bioelectronic super-taster" device based on taste receptor-carbon nanotube hybrid structures. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:2262-2267. [PMID: 21547310 DOI: 10.1039/c0lc00648c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a method to monitor the activities of human taste receptor protein in lipid membrane using carbon nanotube transistors, enabling a "bioelectronic super-taster (BST)", a taste sensor with human-tongue-like selectivity. In this work, human bitter taste receptor protein expressed in E. coli was immobilized on a single-walled carbon nanotube field effect transistor (swCNT-FET) with the lipid membrane. Then, the protein binding activity was monitored using the underlying swCNT-FET, leading to the operation as a BST device. The fabricated BST device could detect bitter tastants at 100 fM concentrations and distinguish between bitter and non-bitter tastants with similar chemical structures just like a human tongue. Furthermore, this strategy was utilized to differentiate the responses of taster or non-taster types of the bitter taste receptor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 336-745, Korea
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32
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Oh EH, Song HS, Park TH. Recent advances in electronic and bioelectronic noses and their biomedical applications. Enzyme Microb Technol 2011; 48:427-37. [PMID: 22113013 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Significant effort has been made in the development of an artificial nose system for various applications. Advances in sensor technology have facilitated the development of high-performance electronic and bioelectronic noses. Numerous articles describe the advantages of artificial nose systems for biomedical applications. Recent advances in the development of electronic and bioelectronic noses and their biomedical applications are reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hae Oh
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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33
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Hyun Seok, Park TH. Integration of biomolecules and nanomaterials: Towards highly selective and sensitive biosensors. Biotechnol J 2011; 6:1310-6. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Glatz R, Bailey-Hill K. Mimicking nature's noses: from receptor deorphaning to olfactory biosensing. Prog Neurobiol 2010; 93:270-96. [PMID: 21130137 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The way in which organisms detect specific volatile compounds within their environment, and the associated neural processing which produces perception and subsequent behavioural responses, have been of interest to scientists for decades. Initially, most olfaction research was conducted using electrophysiological techniques on whole animals. However, the discovery of genes encoding the family of human olfactory receptors (ORs) paved the way for the development of a range of cellular assays, primarily used to deorphan ORs from mammals and insects. These assays have greatly advanced our knowledge of the molecular basis of olfaction, however, while there is currently good agreement on vertebrate and nematode olfactory signalling cascades, debate still surrounds the signalling mechanisms in insects. The inherent specificity and sensitivity of ORs makes them prime candidates as biological detectors of volatile ligands within biosensor devices, which have many potential applications. In the previous decade, researchers have investigated various technologies for transducing OR:ligand interactions into a readable format and thereby produce an olfactory biosensor (or bioelectronic nose) that maintains the discriminating power of the ORs in vivo. Here we review and compare the molecular mechanisms of olfaction in vertebrates and invertebrates, and also summarise the assay technologies utilising sub-tissue level sensing elements (cells and cell extracts), which have been applied to OR deorphanization and biosensor research. Although there are currently no commercial, "field-ready" olfactory biosensors of the kind discussed here, there have been several technological proof-of-concept studies suggesting that we will see their emergence within the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Glatz
- South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI), Entomology, GPO Box 397, Adelaide 5001, Australia.
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