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Ariute JC, Coelho-Rocha ND, Dantas CWD, de Vasconcelos LAT, Profeta R, de Jesus Sousa T, de Souza Novaes A, Galotti B, Gomes LG, Gimenez EGT, Diniz C, Dias MV, de Jesus LCL, Jaiswal AK, Tiwari S, Carvalho R, Benko-Iseppon AM, Brenig B, Azevedo V, Barh D, Martins FS, Aburjaile F. Probiogenomics of Leuconostoc Mesenteroides Strains F-21 and F-22 Isolated from Human Breast Milk Reveal Beneficial Properties. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10170-7. [PMID: 37804433 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10170-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria of the Leuconostoc genus are Gram-positive bacteria that are commonly found in raw milk and persist in fermented dairy products and plant food. Studies have already explored the probiotic potential of L. mesenteroides, but not from a probiogenomic perspective, which aims to explore the molecular features responsible for their phenotypes. In the present work, probiogenomic approaches were applied in strains F-21 and F-22 of L. mesenteroides isolated from human milk to assess their biosafety at the molecular level and to correlate molecular features with their potential probiotic characteristics. The complete genome of strain F-22 is 1.99 Mb and presents one plasmid, while the draft genome of strain F-21 is 1.89 Mb and presents four plasmids. A high percentage of average nucleotide identity among other genomes of L. mesenteroides (≥ 96%) corroborated the previous taxonomic classification of these isolates. Genomic regions that influence the probiotic properties were identified and annotated. Both strains exhibited wide genome plasticity, cell adhesion ability, proteolytic activity, proinflammatory and immunomodulation capacity through interaction with TLR-NF-κB and TLR-MAPK pathway components, and no antimicrobial resistance, denoting their potential to be candidate probiotics. Further, the strains showed bacteriocin production potential and the presence of acid, thermal, osmotic, and bile salt resistance genes, indicating their ability to survive under gastrointestinal stress. Taken together, our results suggest that L. mesenteroides F-21 and F-22 are promising candidates for probiotics in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Ariute
- Laboratory of Integrative Bioinformatics, Preventive Veterinary Medicine Department, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Nina Dias Coelho-Rocha
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Carlos Willian Dias Dantas
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Larissa Amorim Tourinho de Vasconcelos
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Profeta
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Thiago de Jesus Sousa
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ane de Souza Novaes
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Bruno Galotti
- Laboratory of Biotherapeutic Agents, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Lucas Gabriel Gomes
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Enrico Giovanelli Toccani Gimenez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Carlos Diniz
- Laboratory of Integrative Bioinformatics, Preventive Veterinary Medicine Department, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Mariana Vieira Dias
- Laboratory of Integrative Bioinformatics, Preventive Veterinary Medicine Department, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luís Cláudio Lima de Jesus
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Arun Kumar Jaiswal
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Sandeep Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40231-300, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Carvalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40231-300, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon
- Laboratory of Plants Genetics and Biotechnology, Genetics Department, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50740-600, Brazil
| | - Bertram Brenig
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Göttingen, Burckhardtweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Debmalya Barh
- Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, 721172, India
| | - Flaviano S Martins
- Laboratory of Biotherapeutic Agents, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Flavia Aburjaile
- Laboratory of Integrative Bioinformatics, Preventive Veterinary Medicine Department, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil.
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Effects of pH on the Properties of Membrane Vesicles Including Glucosyltransferase in Streptococcus mutans. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112308. [PMID: 34835434 PMCID: PMC8618110 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans releases membrane vesicles (MVs) and induces MV-dependent biofilm formation. Glucosyltransferases (Gtfs) are bound to MVs and contribute to the adhesion and glucans-dependent biofilm formation of early adherent bacteria on the tooth surface. The biofilm formation of S. mutans may be controlled depending on whether the initial pH tends to be acidic or alkaline. In this study, the characteristics and effects of MVs extracted from various conditions {(initial pH 6.0 and 8.0 media prepared with lactic acid (LA) and acetic acid (AA), and with NaOH (NO), respectively)} on the biofilm formation of S. mutans and early adherent bacteria were investigated. The quantitative changes in glucans between primary pH 6.0 and 8.0 conditions were observed, associated with different activities affecting MV-dependent biofilm formation. The decreased amount of Gtfs on MVs under the initial pH 6.0 conditions strongly guided low levels of MV-dependent biofilm formation. However, in the initial pH 6.0 and 8.0 solutions prepared with AA and NO, the MVs in the biofilm appeared to be formed by the expression of glucans and/or extracellular DNA. These results suggest that the environmental pH conditions established by acid and alkaline factors determine the differences in the local pathogenic activities of biofilm development in the oral cavity.
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Zheng Z, Xie Y, Ma S, Tu J, Li J, Liang S, Xu Y, Shi C. Effect of 405-nm light-emitting diode on environmental tolerance of Cronobacter sakazakii in powdered infant formula. Food Res Int 2021; 144:110343. [PMID: 34053539 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic pathogen that can survive extreme desiccation, heat, acid, and osmotic stress. This can increase the risk of infection, resulting in severe diseases, mainly in neonates. The inactivation effect of 405 ± 5-nm light-emitting diode (LED) illumination on C. sakazakii with different initial concentrations and C. sakazakii strains isolated from powdered infant formula (PIF) and baby rice cereal (BRC) were firstly evaluated. Then, the effect of 405 ± 5-nm LED on the tolerance of diverse environmental conditions of C. sakazakii in PIF was investigated. Conditions involving desiccation [PIF, Water activity (aw): 0.2-0.5], heat (45, 50, and 55 °C), acid (simulated gastric fluid: SGF, pH 4.75 ± 0.25), and bile salt (0.2%, bile salt solution) were used to study the effects of 405-nm LED on C. sakazakii resistance. The transcription levels of ten tolerance-associated genes and changes in bacterial cell membrane were examined to understand the response of C. sakazakii to LED illumination. The results showed that 405-nm LED effectively inactivated C. sakazakii ATCC 29544 with initial concentration from 8 to 1 log CFU/g in PIF and strains isolated from PIF and BRC. Moreover, 405-nm LED could decrease the tolerance of C. sakazakii in PIF to desiccation, heat treatment at 50 and 55 °C, SGF, and bile salt to different degrees, but the resistance to the heat treatment at 45 °C was not influenced by LED illumination. In addition, the transcription levels of the ten tolerance-associated genes measured in the LED-illuminated C. sakazakii cells were significantly downregulated compared with those in unilluminated controls. The damage on cell membrane was confirmed for LED-treated cells by LIVE/DEAD® assay. These results indicate that 405-nm LED illumination may be effective at reducing the environmental resistance of C. sakazakii in PIF. Furthermore, this study suggests the potential for applying 405-nm LED technology in the prevention and control of pathogens in food processing, production, and storage environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanwen Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yawen Xie
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Sheng Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Junhong Tu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Sen Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yunfeng Xu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China
| | - Chao Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Identification of unknown acid-resistant genes of oral microbiotas in patients with dental caries using metagenomics analysis. AMB Express 2021; 11:39. [PMID: 33675438 PMCID: PMC7936999 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01199-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid resistance is critical for the survival of bacteria in the dental caries oral micro-environment. However, there are few acid-resistant genes of microbiomes obtained through traditional molecular biology experimental techniques. This study aims to try macrogenomics technologies to efficiently identify acid-resistant genes in oral microbes of patients with dental caries. Total DNA was extracted from oral microbiota obtained from thirty dental caries patients and subjected to high-throughput sequencing. This data was used to build a metagenomic library, which was compared to the sequences of two Streptococcus mutant known acid-resistant genes, danK and uvrA, using a BLAST search. A total of 19 and 35 unknown gene sequences showed similarities with S. mutans uvrA and dnaK in the metagenomic library, respectively. Two unknown genes, mo-dnaK and mo-uvrA, were selected for primer design and bioinformatic analysis based on their sequences. Bioinformatics analysis predicted them encoding of a human heat-shock protein (HSP) 70 and an ATP-dependent DNA repair enzyme, respectively, closely related with the acid resistance mechanism. After cloning, these genes were transferred into competent Escherichia coli for acid resistance experiments. E. coli transformed with both genes demonstrated acid resistance, while the survival rate of E. coli transformed with mo-uvrA was significantly higher in an acidic environment (pH = 3). Through this experiment we found that identify unknown acid-resistant genes in oral microbes of patients with caries by establishing a metagenomic library is very efficient. Our results provide an insight into the mechanisms and pathogenesis of dental caries for their treatment without affecting oral probiotics.
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Mora-Cura YN, Meléndez-Rentería NP, Delgado-García M, Contreras-Esquivel JC, Morlett-Chávez JA, Aguilar CN, Rodríguez-Herrera R. Fermentation of Dietetic Fiber from Green Bean and Prickly Pear Shell by Pure and Mixture Culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 and Bifidobacterium bifidum 450B. Curr Microbiol 2017; 74:691-701. [PMID: 28332163 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-017-1228-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the fermentation of dietary fiber from green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and prickly pear shell (Opuntia ficus-indica) by Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 and Bifidobacterium bifidum 450B growing as mono-culture and co-culture, the fermentation products, and proteins expressed during this process. The analysis of the fermentation profile showed a major growth of bacteria in the culture media of each dietary fiber supplemented with glucose, and particularly B. bifidum 450B at 48 h showed the highest growth. In the case of the co-culture, the growth was lower indicating the possible negative interaction between L. acidophilus LA-5 and B. bifidum 450B and may be due to the less amount of carbohydrates and the high content of non-soluble fiber that affected the nutrients availability for the bacterial strains. The pH changes indicated the presence of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), being acetate (46-100%) the main SCFA. Changes in the proteome concerned proteins that are involved in carbohydrate and other carbohydrate pathways. The characterization of the bacteria according to the growth, metabolites, and proteins expressed allows understanding the response to the change of environmental conditions and could be useful to understand L. acidophilus LA-5 and B. bifidum 450B strains' adaptation to specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y N Mora-Cura
- Departamento de Investigación en Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Boulevard Venustiano Carranza and José Cárdenas s/n, República Oriente, 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - N P Meléndez-Rentería
- Departamento de Investigación en Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Boulevard Venustiano Carranza and José Cárdenas s/n, República Oriente, 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - M Delgado-García
- Departamento de Investigación en Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Boulevard Venustiano Carranza and José Cárdenas s/n, República Oriente, 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C. Av. Normalistas 800, 44270, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - J C Contreras-Esquivel
- Departamento de Investigación en Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Boulevard Venustiano Carranza and José Cárdenas s/n, República Oriente, 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - J A Morlett-Chávez
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Molecular y Clínico, Facultad de ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Boulevard Venustiano Carranza and José Cárdenas s/n, República Oriente, 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - C N Aguilar
- Departamento de Investigación en Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Boulevard Venustiano Carranza and José Cárdenas s/n, República Oriente, 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - R Rodríguez-Herrera
- Departamento de Investigación en Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Boulevard Venustiano Carranza and José Cárdenas s/n, República Oriente, 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico.
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6
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Jin J, Song J, Ren F, Zhang H, Xie Y, Ma J, Li X. Investigation of Growth Phase-Dependent Acid Tolerance in Bifidobacteria longum BBMN68. Curr Microbiol 2016; 73:660-667. [PMID: 27485629 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-016-1111-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms imparting the growth phase-dependent acid tolerance have not been extensively investigated. In this study, we compared the acid resistance of the Bifidobacterium longum strain BBMN68 from different growth phases at lethal pH values (pH 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5), and analyzed the activity of H(+)-ATPase, the composition of fatty acids, and the mRNA abundance of ffh, uvrA, recA, lexA, groES, and dnaK in cells from different growth phases. The results indicated that the survival rates of cells from early stationary (ES) and late stationary (LS) growth phases at lethal pH values were significantly higher than those of exponential growth phase cells. Our findings indicated that by inducing a continuously auto-acidizing environment during cell growth, the acid resistance of ES and LS cells was strengthened. The higher activity of H(+)-ATPase, the decrease in unsaturated fatty acids, and the increased expression of genes involved in DNA repair and protein protection in the cells in stationary growth phase were all implicated in the significantly increased acid resistance of ES and LS cells compared with exponential growth phase cells of the B. longum strain BBMN68.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Jin
- Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products, Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing, 102206, China. .,The Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health (Beijing), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Jingyi Song
- Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products, Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- The Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health (Beijing), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products, Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yuanhong Xie
- Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products, Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jingsheng Ma
- Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products, Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xue Li
- Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products, Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing, 102206, China
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Liu S, Ren F, Zhao L, Jiang L, Hao Y, Jin J, Zhang M, Guo H, Lei X, Sun E, Liu H. Starch and starch hydrolysates are favorable carbon sources for bifidobacteria in the human gut. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:54. [PMID: 25887661 PMCID: PMC4349234 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0362-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bifidobacteria are key commensals in human gut, and their abundance is associated with the health of their hosts. Although they are dominant in infant gut, their number becomes lower in adult gut. The changes of the diet are considered to be main reason for this difference. Large amounts of whole-genomic sequence data of bifidobacteria make it possible to elucidate the genetic interpretation of their adaptation to the nutrient environment. Among the nutrients in human gut, starch is a highly fermentable substrate and can exert beneficial effects by increasing bifidobacteria and/or being fermented to short chain fatty acids. Results In order to determine the potential substrate preference of bifidobacteria, we compared the glycoside hydrolase (GH) profiles of a pooled-bifidobacterial genome (PBG) with a representative microbiome (RM) of the human gut. In bifidobacterial genomes, only 15% of GHs contained signal peptides, suggesting their weakness in utilization of complex carbohydrate, such as plant cell wall polysaccharides. However, compared with other intestinal bacteria, bifidobacteiral genomes encoded more GH genes for degrading starch and starch hydrolysates, indicating that they have genetic advantages in utilizing these substrates. Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum BBMN68 isolated from centenarian’s faeces was used as a model strain to further investigate the carbohydrate utilization. The pathway for degrading starch and starch hydrolysates was the only complete pathway for complex carbohydrates in human gut. It is noteworthy that all of the GH genes for degrading starch and starch hydrolysates in the BBMN68 genome were conserved in all studied bifidobacterial strains. The in silico analyses of BBMN68 were further confirmed by growth experiments, proteomic and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) analyses. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that starch and starch hydrolysates were the most universal and favorable carbon sources for bifidobacteria. The low amount of these carbon sources in adult intestine was speculated to contribute to the low relative abundance of bifidobacteria. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-015-0362-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Lu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China. .,Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, Beijing, 10083, China.
| | - Yanling Hao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Junhua Jin
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, 10083, China.
| | - Ming Zhang
- Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, Beijing, 10083, China.
| | - Huiyuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China. .,Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, 10083, China.
| | - Xingen Lei
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Erna Sun
- Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, Beijing, 10083, China.
| | - Hongna Liu
- Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, Beijing, 10083, China.
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Effect of Pre-Stressing on the Acid-Stress Response in Bifidobacterium Revealed Using Proteomic and Physiological Approaches. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117702. [PMID: 25689631 PMCID: PMC4331358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Weak acid resistance limits the application of Bifidobacteria as a probiotic in food. The acid tolerance response (ATR), caused by pre-stressing cells at a sublethal pH, could improve the acid resistance of Bifidobacteria to subsequent acid stress. In this study, we used Bifidobacterium longum sub. longum BBMN68 to investigate the effect of the ATR on the acid stress response (ASR), and compared the difference between the ATR and the ASR by analyzing the two-dimensional-PAGE protein profiles and performing physiological tests. The results revealed that a greater abundance of proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism and protein protection was present after the ASR than after the ATR in Bifidobacterium. Pre-stressing cells increased the abundance of proteins involved in energy production, amino acid metabolism, and peptidoglycan synthesis during the ASR of Bifidobacterium. Moreover, after the ASR, the content of ATP, NH3, thiols, and peptidoglycan, the activity of H+-ATPase, and the maintenance of the intracellular pH in the pre-stressed Bifidobacterium cells was significantly higher than in the uninduced cells. These results provide the first explanation as to why the resistance of Bifidobacterium to acid stress improved after pre-stressing.
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Jiao L, Ran J, Xu X, Wang J. Heat, acid and cold stresses enhance the expression of DnaK gene in Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Lund P, Tramonti A, De Biase D. Coping with low pH: molecular strategies in neutralophilic bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2014; 38:1091-125. [PMID: 24898062 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6976.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of their life cycle, neutralophilic bacteria are often exposed to varying environmental stresses, among which fluctuations in pH are the most frequent. In particular, acid environments can be encountered in many situations from fermented food to the gastric compartment of the animal host. Herein, we review the current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms adopted by a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, mostly those affecting human health, for coping with acid stress. Because organic and inorganic acids have deleterious effects on the activity of the biological macromolecules to the point of significantly reducing growth and even threatening their viability, it is not unexpected that neutralophilic bacteria have evolved a number of different protective mechanisms, which provide them with an advantage in otherwise life-threatening conditions. The overall logic of these is to protect the cell from the deleterious effects of a harmful level of protons. Among the most favoured mechanisms are the pumping out of protons, production of ammonia and proton-consuming decarboxylation reactions, as well as modifications of the lipid content in the membrane. Several examples are provided to describe mechanisms adopted to sense the external acidic pH. Particular attention is paid to Escherichia coli extreme acid resistance mechanisms, the activity of which ensure survival and may be directly linked to virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lund
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Differential Expression of Virulence and Stress Fitness Genes during Interaction betweenListeria monocytogenesandBifidobacterium longum. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 76:699-704. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Fang B, Guo HY, Zhang M, Jiang L, Ren FZ. The six amino acid antimicrobial peptide bLFcin6 penetrates cells and delivers siRNA. FEBS J 2013; 280:1007-17. [PMID: 23241223 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are a new class of vectors with high pharmaceutical potential to deliver bioactive cargos into cells. Here, we characterized bLFcin(6) , a six amino acid peptide derived from bovine lactoferricin, as a CPP. Uptake of bLFcin(6) was measured by flow cytometry. The ability to delivery siRNA was analyzed in HeLa cells. bLFcin(6) exhibited concentration-dependent uptake and intracellular distribution. Below 7.5 μm, uptake of bLFcin(6) was significantly lower than uptake of TAT (P < 0.05) because bLFcin(6) has fewer cationic amino acids. Compared to CPP(5) (RLRWR) and CPP(6) (PFVYLI), bLFcin(6) had a significantly higher internalization ratio above 2.5 μm because it has two tryptophan residues. Uptake of bLFcin(6) starts with an ionic cell-surface interaction. It is then rapidly internalized by lipid raft-dependent macropinocytosis, followed by release from macropinosomes into the cytosol and nucleus. Moreover, bLFcin(6) formed stable electrostatic complexes with siRNA and delivered siRNA into cells, resulting in significant knockout activity at both the mRNA and protein levels. The knockout activity of siRNA delivered by bLFcin(6) was similar to that mediated by TAT, although knockout by bLFcin(6) required a higher molar ratio. In this study, bLFcin(6) was tested for its ability to act as an siRNA-delivering CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Jin J, Zhang B, Guo H, Cui J, Jiang L, Song S, Sun M, Ren F. Mechanism analysis of acid tolerance response of bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum BBMN 68 by gene expression profile using RNA-sequencing. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50777. [PMID: 23236393 PMCID: PMC3517610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To analyze the mechanism of the acid tolerance response (ATR) in Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum BBMN68, we optimized the acid-adaptation condition to stimulate ATR effectively and analyzed the change of gene expression profile after acid-adaptation using high-throughput RNA-Seq. After acid-adaptation at pH 4.5 for 2 hours, the survival rate of BBMN68 at lethal pH 3.5 for 120 min was increased by 70 fold and the expression of 293 genes were upregulated by more than 2 fold, and 245 genes were downregulated by more than 2 fold. Gene expression profiling of ATR in BBMN68 suggested that, when the bacteria faced acid stress, the cells strengthened the integrity of cell wall and changed the permeability of membrane to keep the H+ from entering. Once the H+ entered the cytoplasm, the cells showed four main responses: First, the F0F1-ATPase system was initiated to discharge H+. Second, the ability to produce NH3 by cysteine-cystathionine-cycle was strengthened to neutralize excess H+. Third, the cells started NER-UVR and NER-VSR systems to minimize the damage to DNA and upregulated HtpX, IbpA, and γ-glutamylcysteine production to protect proteins against damage. Fourth, the cells initiated global response signals ((p)ppGpp, polyP, and Sec-SRP) to bring the whole cell into a state of response to the stress. The cells also secreted the quorum sensing signal (AI-2) to communicate between intraspecies cells by the cellular signal system, such as two-component systems, to improve the overall survival rate. Besides, the cells varied the pathways of producing energy by shifting to BCAA metabolism and enhanced the ability to utilize sugar to supply sufficient energy for the operation of the mechanism mentioned above. Based on these reults, it was inferred that, during industrial applications, the acid resistance of bifidobacteria could be improved by adding BCAA, γ-glutamylcysteine, cysteine, and cystathionine into the acid-stress environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Jin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Core Genomic Facility, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Health and Food Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhui Song
- Core Genomic Facility, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Sun
- Core Genomic Facility, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Health and Food Safety, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Members of the genus Bifidobacterium are considered to be important constituents of the microbiota of animals, from insects to mammals. They are gut commensals extensively used by the food industry as probiotic microorganisms, since some strains have been shown to have specific beneficial effects. However, the molecular processes underlying their functional capacities to promote a healthy status in the host, as well as those involved in survival, colonization and persistence of bifidobacteria in the gut, are far from being completely understood. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the mechanisms used by bifidobacteria to cope with gastrointestinal factors and to adapt to them, and discusses the advantages of the adaptive traits acquired by these microorganisms as a consequence of their interactions with the gastrointestinal tract environment, as well as the impact of such adaptations in the functional characteristics of bifidobacteria.
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