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Bamisile BS, Afolabi OG, Siddiqui JA, Xu Y. Endophytic insect pathogenic fungi-host plant-herbivore mutualism: elucidating the mechanisms involved in the tripartite interactions. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:326. [PMID: 37776438 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Various techniques used by crop plants to evade insect pests and pathogen attacks have been documented. Among these, plant defense strategies induced by endophytic insect pathogenic fungi are arguably one of the most discussed. Endophytic fungi frequently colonize plants and inhabit their internal tissues for a portion of their lifespan without producing visible symptoms of the disease. This phenomenon is widespread and diverse in both natural and agricultural ecosystems, and is present in almost all plant organs. Many fungi can obtain nutrients by infecting and killing insects, and this ability has been developed numerous times in different fungal lineages. These species mainly consist of those in the order Hypocreales (Ascomycota), where the generalist insect pathogens, Beauveria sp. (Cordycipitaceae) and Metarhizium sp. (Clavicipitaceae) are two of the most studied endophytic entomopathogenic fungal genera. However, most fungi that kill insects do not survive in the tissues of living plants. The data published thus far show a high degree of variability and do not provide consistent explanations for the underlying mechanisms that may be responsible for these effects. This implies that available knowledge regarding the colonization of plant tissues by endophytic insect pathogenic fungi, the effects of colonization on plant metabolism, and how this contributes to a decrease in herbivore and pathogens damage is limited. To adequately utilize fungal-based products as biological control agents, these products must be effective and the reduction of pests and infection must be consistent and similar to that of chemical insecticides after application. This article discusses this possibility and highlights the benefits and the specific techniques utilized by endophytically challenged plants in invading insect pests and disease pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bamisope Steve Bamisile
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512005, China
| | | | - Junaid Ali Siddiqui
- College of Agriculture, College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yijuan Xu
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Endophytic Beauveria bassiana can protect the rice plant from sheath blight of rice caused by Rhizoctonia solani and enhance plant growth parameters. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:587. [PMID: 36048258 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03211-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Beauveria bassiana, a potential entomopathogenic biocontrol agent, has recently drawn attention worldwide for its other additional beneficial roles such as plant disease antagonist, beneficial rhizosphere colonizer, plant growth promoter and an endophyte. In the present study, endophytic colonizing behaviour of five (5) B. bassiana isolates viz., Bb4, Bb16, Bb25, Bb44 and Bb53 were studied in rice following three (3) artificial inoculation techniques viz., seed treatment, root inoculation and foliar spray and the endophytic colonizing ability were determined by culture-based assay. After B. bassiana inoculation, rice plants were challenged with Rhizoctonia solani and disease incidence and plant growth promotion were assessed. Per cent colonization of rice stems, leaves and roots were influenced by inoculation technique, post-inoculation time (7th, 14th, 21st and 28th dpi) and plant growth medium (sterile soil, non-sterile soil), recorded maximum on 14th-day post-inoculation (dpi) i.e., 96% in stems, 92% in leaves and 28% in roots, whereas, lower colonization was recorded on 7th, 21st and 28th dpi. Whereas, the foliar spray was found best as compared to seed and root inoculation techniques, and maximum fungal recovery was observed in stems and leaves and least in roots. Upon colonization, the physical presence of B. bassiana in rice was localized by light microscopy-based studies. Potential B. bassiana strains with endophytic ability were re-isolated and their identity was determined based on morphometric and PCR-based techniques. Further, the present study also identified several virulent genes viz., BbChit1, Cdep1, Bbhog1 and Bbjen1 and extracellular hydrolytic enzymes viz., α-amylase, cellulase, lipase, pectinase and xylanase secreted by endophytic B. bassiana strains as determinants responsible for establishing the endophytic association in rice. On the other hand, a significant reduction in disease incidence was observed in the endophytic B. bassiana Bb4-, Bb16- and Bb44-inoculated plants as compared to the non-endophytic B. bassiana Bb25- and Bb53-inoculated plants along with enhanced plant growth promotion. This is one of the few studies investigating the colonization of B. bassiana in rice and its promising role as a plant disease antagonist and plant growth promoter in rice.
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Endophytic Entomopathogenic Fungi: A Valuable Biological Control Tool against Plant Pests. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10010360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Among the non-chemical insect control methods, biological control is one of the most effective human and environmentally friendly alternatives. One of the main biological control methods is the application of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF). Today, biological crop protection with EPF plays a key role in projects for the sustainable management of insect pests. EPF have several advantages over conventional insecticides, including cost-effectiveness, high yield, absence of harmful side-effects for beneficial organisms, fewer chemical residues in the environment and increased biodiversity in ecosystems. Apart from direct application as contact bioinsecticides, EPF are able to colonize plants as endophytes acting not only as pest and disease control agents but also as plant growth promoters. The present paper presents an outline of the biocontrol potential of several EPF, which could be harnessed for the development of new integrated pest Management (IPM) strategies. Emphasis is given on benefits of endophytic EPF, on issues for practical application and in fields in need of further research. Our findings are discussed in the context of highlighting the value of entomopathogenic fungal endophytes as an integral part of pest management programs for the optimization of crop production.
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Bamisile BS, Dash CK, Akutse KS, Qasim M, Ramos Aguila LC, Wang F, Keppanan R, Wang L. Endophytic Beauveria bassiana in Foliar-Treated Citrus limon Plants Acting as a Growth Suppressor to Three Successive Generations of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae). INSECTS 2019; 10:E176. [PMID: 31248110 PMCID: PMC6627851 DOI: 10.3390/insects10060176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi are commonly applied as inundative sprays to protect plants against insect pests. Their artificial establishment as fungal endophytes to provide other benefits to the host plants aside mere protection against the primary pests has also been widely demonstrated. In the present study, two fungal strains of Beauveria bassiana and one strain of Isaria fumosorosea were assessed in a pathogenicity test against adults of Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri) and found to induce 50% reduction in the survival rate of D. citri adults within 5 days of exposure. The ability of the three fungal strains to endophytically colonize Citrus limon, the impact on plant growth and the effects of systemic colonization on 3 successive generations of D. citri feeding on colonized plants was evaluated. Citrus seedlings at 4 months post-planting were inoculated with each of the fungal strains via foliar spraying. Both strains of B. bassiana successfully colonized the seedlings. One of the B. bassiana strains (BB Fafu-13) was sustained up to 12 weeks in the colonized seedlings, whereas the other B. bassiana strain (BB Fafu-16) was only recovered up to 8 weeks post-inoculation. Isaria fumosorosea (IF Fafu-1) failed to colonize the plant. Both strains of B. bassiana induced significant improvement in plant height and flush production in endophytically colonized seedlings. In addition, endophytic B. bassiana caused 10-15% D. citri adult mortality within 7 days of exposure. Female D. citri feeding on B. bassiana challenged plants laid fewer eggs as compared to those feeding on endophyte-free seedlings, while reduction in adult emergence was recorded on B. bassiana treated plants. With this study, we present the first evidence of B. bassiana artificial establishment as fungal endophyte in citrus plants and its negative effects on D. citri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bamisope Steve Bamisile
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Chandra Kanta Dash
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3300, Bangladesh.
| | - Komivi Senyo Akutse
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772-00100 Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Luis Carlos Ramos Aguila
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Fangfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Ravindran Keppanan
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Liande Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Bamisile BS, Dash CK, Akutse KS, Keppanan R, Afolabi OG, Hussain M, Qasim M, Wang L. Prospects of endophytic fungal entomopathogens as biocontrol and plant growth promoting agents: An insight on how artificial inoculation methods affect endophytic colonization of host plants. Microbiol Res 2018; 217:34-50. [PMID: 30384907 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) can be established as endophytes in the host plants to offer a long-term preventive measure for pests and diseases. This practice serves as a better alternative to the common practice of periodic direct application of EPF on plants or the target pests as a short-term defense strategy against pests and diseases. These fungal endophytes, aside from their role in pests and diseases prevention, also act as plant growth promoters. Several fungal endophytes have been associated with improvement in plant height, dry and wet weight and other growth parameters. However, many limiting factors have been identified as mitigating the successful colonization of the host plants by EPF. The inoculation methods used have been identified as one, but sadly, this has received little or less attention. Some previous studies carried out comparison between various artificial inoculation methods; foliar application, seedling dipping, soil drenching, seed inoculation, direct injection and others. In separate studies, some authors had suggested different application methods that are best suitable for certain fungal entomopathogens. For instance, leaf inoculation with conidial suspensions was suggested to be the best inoculation method for Beauveria bassiana in sorghum, stem injection was suggested as the most suitable for coffee, while, root dipping method proved the most successful for B. bassiana colonization of tomato plants for the management of Helicoverpa armigera. Here, we discussed entomopathogenic fungal endophytes as bio-control agents, plant growth promoters and highlighted the effect of various artificial inoculation methods on their endophytic colonization of the host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bamisope Steve Bamisile
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chandra Kanta Dash
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Faculty of Agriculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Komivi Senyo Akutse
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ravindran Keppanan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Oluwatoyin Grace Afolabi
- Center for Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mubasher Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Liande Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Hong M, Peng G, Keyhani NO, Xia Y. Application of the entomogenous fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae, for leafroller (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) control and its effect on rice phyllosphere microbial diversity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:6793-6807. [PMID: 28695229 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Microbial pesticides form critical components of integrated pest management (IPM) practices. Little, however, is known regarding the impacts of these organisms on the indigenous microbial community. We show that Metarhizium anisopliae strain CQMa421 was highly effective in controlling the rice leafroller, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee. In addition, M. anisopliae distribution and its effects on phyllosphere microbial diversity after application in field trials were investigated. Phylloplane specific distribution of the fungus was observed over time, with more rapid declines of M. anisopliae CFUs (colony-forming units) seen in the top leaf layer as compared to lower layers. Application of the fungus resulted in transient changes in the endogenous microbial diversity with variations seen in the bacterial observed species and Shannon index. Notable increases in both parameters were seen at 6-day post-application of M. anisopliae, although significant variation within sample replicates for bacteria and fungi were noted. Application of M. anisopliae increased the relative distribution of bacterial species implicated in plant growth promotion and organic pollutant degradation, e.g., Methylobacterium, Sphingobium, and Deinococcus. These data show minimal impact of M. anisopliae on endogenous microbial diversity with transient changes in bacterial abundance/diversity that may result in added benefits to crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsheng Hong
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxiong Peng
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Nemat O Keyhani
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China.,Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Yuxian Xia
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China. .,Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China.
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Resquín-Romero G, Garrido-Jurado I, Delso C, Ríos-Moreno A, Quesada-Moraga E. Transient endophytic colonizations of plants improve the outcome of foliar applications of mycoinsecticides against chewing insects. J Invertebr Pathol 2016; 136:23-31. [PMID: 26945771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The current work reports how spray application of entomopathogenic fungi on alfalfa, tomato and melon plants may cause an additional Spodoptera littoralis larvae mortality due to a temporal colonization of the leaves and subsequent ingestion of those leaves by the larvae. Most entomopathogenic fungi (EF) (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) endophytes seem to colonize their host plants in a non-systemic pattern, in which case at least a transient endophytic establishment of the fungus should be expected in treated areas after spray application. In this work, all strains were able to endophytically colonize roots, stems and leaves during the first 96h after inoculation. Whilst the treatment of S. littoralis larvae with a 10(8)ml(-1) conidial suspension resulted in moderate to high mortality rates for the Metarhizium brunneum EAMb 09/01-Su (41.7-50.0%) and Beauveria bassiana EABb 01/33-Su (66.7-76.6%) strains, respectively, an additive effect was detected when these larvae were also fed endophytically colonized alfalfa, tomato, and melon leaves, with mortality rates varying from 25.0% to 46.7% as a function of the host plant and total mortality rates in the combined treatment of 75-80% and 33-60% for B. bassiana and M. brunneum, respectively. Fungal outgrowth was not detected in any of the dead larvae feeding on colonized leaves, whereas traces of destruxin A were detected in 11% of the insects fed tomato discs endophytically colonized by M. brunneum. The combined effects of the fungal spray with the mortality caused by the feeding of insects on transient EF-colonized leaves have to be considered to estimate the real acute impact of field sprays with entomopathogenic fungi on chewing insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Resquín-Romero
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, ETSIAM, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, Building C4 "Celestino Mutis", Cordoba 14071, Spain; Faculty of Agrarian Sciences of the National University of Asunción, Paraguay
| | - I Garrido-Jurado
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, ETSIAM, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, Building C4 "Celestino Mutis", Cordoba 14071, Spain
| | - C Delso
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, ETSIAM, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, Building C4 "Celestino Mutis", Cordoba 14071, Spain
| | - A Ríos-Moreno
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, ETSIAM, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, Building C4 "Celestino Mutis", Cordoba 14071, Spain
| | - E Quesada-Moraga
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, ETSIAM, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, Building C4 "Celestino Mutis", Cordoba 14071, Spain.
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