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Heme A Synthase Deficiency Affects the Ability of Bacillus cereus to Adapt to a Nutrient-Limited Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031033. [PMID: 35162964 PMCID: PMC8835132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The branched aerobic respiratory chain in Bacillus cereus comprises three terminal oxidases: cytochromes aa3, caa3, and bd. Cytochrome caa3 requires heme A for activity, which is produced from heme O by heme A synthase (CtaA). In this study, we deleted the ctaA gene in B. cereus AH187 strain, this deletion resulted in loss of cytochrome caa3 activity. Proteomics data indicated that B. cereus grown in glucose-containing medium compensates for the loss of cytochrome caa3 activity by remodeling its respiratory metabolism. This remodeling involves up-regulation of cytochrome aa3 and several proteins involved in redox stress response—to circumvent sub-optimal respiratory metabolism. CtaA deletion changed the surface-composition of B. cereus, affecting its motility, autoaggregation phenotype, and the kinetics of biofilm formation. Strikingly, proteome remodeling made the ctaA mutant more resistant to cold and exogenous oxidative stresses compared to its parent strain. Consequently, we hypothesized that ctaA inactivation could improve B. cereus fitness in a nutrient-limited environment.
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2
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Dong Y, Li S, Zhao D, Liu J, Ma S, Geng J, Lu C, Liu Y. IolR, a negative regulator of the myo-inositol metabolic pathway, inhibits cell autoaggregation and biofilm formation by downregulating RpmA in Aeromonas hydrophila. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2020; 6:22. [PMID: 32433466 PMCID: PMC7239862 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-020-0132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is the causative agent of motile Aeromonad septicemia in fish. Previous studies have shown that the myo-inositol metabolism is essential for the virulence of this bacterium. IolR is a transcription inhibitor that negatively regulates myo-inositol metabolic activity. While in the process of studying the inositol catabolism in A. hydrophila Chinese epidemic strain NJ-35, we incidentally found that ΔiolR mutant exhibited obvious autoaggregation and increased biofilm formation compared to the wild type. The role of surface proteins in A. hydrophila autoaggregation was confirmed by different degradation treatments. Furthermore, calcium promotes the formation of aggregates, which disappear in the presence of the calcium chelator EGTA. Transcriptome analysis, followed by targeted gene deletion, demonstrated that biofilm formation and autoaggregation caused by the inactivation of iolR was due to the increased transcription of a RTX-family adhesion gene, rmpA. Further, IolR was determined to directly regulate the transcription of rmpA. These results indicated that iolR is negatively involved in autoaggregation and biofilm formation in A. hydrophila, and this involvement was associated with its inhibition on the expression of rmpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Dong
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shougang Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shuiyan Ma
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jinzhu Geng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chengping Lu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yongjie Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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3
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Duś-Szachniewicz K, Drobczyński S, Woźniak M, Zduniak K, Ostasiewicz K, Ziółkowski P, Korzeniewska AK, Agrawal AK, Kołodziej P, Walaszek K, Bystydzieński Z, Rymkiewicz G. Differentiation of single lymphoma primary cells and normal B-cells based on their adhesion to mesenchymal stromal cells in optical tweezers. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9885. [PMID: 31285461 PMCID: PMC6614388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46086-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We have adapted a non-invasive method based on optical tweezers technology to differentiate between the normal B-cells and the B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) cells derived from clinical samples. Our approach bases on the nascent adhesion between an individual B-cell and a mesenchymal stromal cell. In this study, a single B-cell was trapped and optically seeded on a mesenchymal stromal cell and kept in a direct contact with it until a stable connection between the cells was formed in time scale. This approach allowed us to avoid the introduction of any exogenous beads or chemicals into the experimental setup which would have affected the cell-to-cell adhesion. Here, we have provided new evidence that aberrant adhesive properties found in transformed B-cells are related to malignant neoplasia. We have demonstrated that the mean time required for establishing adhesive interactions between an individual normal B-cell and a mesenchymal stromal cell was 26.7 ± 16.6 s, while for lymphoma cell it was 208.8 ± 102.3 s, p < 0.001. The contact time for adhesion to occur ranged from 5 to 90 s and from 60 to 480 s for normal B-cells and lymphoma cells, respectively. This method for optically controlled cell-to-cell adhesion in time scale is beneficial to the successful differentiation of pathological cells from normal B-cells within the fine needle aspiration biopsy of a clinical sample. Additionally, variations in time-dependent adhesion among subtypes of B-NHL, established here by the optical trapping, confirm earlier results pertaining to cell heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Duś-Szachniewicz
- Department of Pathology, Wrocław Medical University, Marcinkowskiego 1, 50-368, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Sławomir Drobczyński
- Department of Optics and Photonics, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marta Woźniak
- Department of Pathology, Wrocław Medical University, Marcinkowskiego 1, 50-368, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Zduniak
- Department of Pathology, Wrocław Medical University, Marcinkowskiego 1, 50-368, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ostasiewicz
- Department of Statistics, Wrocław University of Economics, Komandorska 118/120, 53-345, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Ziółkowski
- Department of Pathology, Wrocław Medical University, Marcinkowskiego 1, 50-368, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra K Korzeniewska
- Department of Optics and Photonics, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anil K Agrawal
- 2nd Department of General and Oncological Surgery, Wrocław Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Kołodziej
- Division of Pathology, Sokołowski Hospital Wałbrzych, Sokołowskiego 4, 58-309, Wałbrzych, Poland
| | - Kinga Walaszek
- Department of Pathology, Wrocław Medical University, Marcinkowskiego 1, 50-368, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Bystydzieński
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Centre, Wilhelma Konrada Roentgena 5, 02-781, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Rymkiewicz
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Centre, Wilhelma Konrada Roentgena 5, 02-781, Warsaw, Poland
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Lee KS, Palatinszky M, Pereira FC, Nguyen J, Fernandez VI, Mueller AJ, Menolascina F, Daims H, Berry D, Wagner M, Stocker R. An automated Raman-based platform for the sorting of live cells by functional properties. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:1035-1048. [PMID: 30886359 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0394-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stable-isotope probing is widely used to study the function of microbial taxa in their natural environment, but sorting of isotopically labelled microbial cells from complex samples for subsequent genomic analysis or cultivation is still in its early infancy. Here, we introduce an optofluidic platform for automated sorting of stable-isotope-probing-labelled microbial cells, combining microfluidics, optical tweezing and Raman microspectroscopy, which yields live cells suitable for subsequent single-cell genomics, mini-metagenomics or cultivation. We describe the design and optimization of this Raman-activated cell-sorting approach, illustrate its operation with four model bacteria (two intestinal, one soil and one marine) and demonstrate its high sorting accuracy (98.3 ± 1.7%), throughput (200-500 cells h-1; 3.3-8.3 cells min-1) and compatibility with cultivation. Application of this sorting approach for the metagenomic characterization of bacteria involved in mucin degradation in the mouse colon revealed a diverse consortium of bacteria, including several members of the underexplored family Muribaculaceae, highlighting both the complexity of this niche and the potential of Raman-activated cell sorting for identifying key players in targeted processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Soo Lee
- Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory for Environmental Science and Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Institute for Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Márton Palatinszky
- Center of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fátima C Pereira
- Center of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jen Nguyen
- Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory for Environmental Science and Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Institute for Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vicente I Fernandez
- Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory for Environmental Science and Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Institute for Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna J Mueller
- Center of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Filippo Menolascina
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Holger Daims
- Center of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,The Comammox Research Platform, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Berry
- Center of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Wagner
- Center of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,The Comammox Research Platform, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roman Stocker
- Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory for Environmental Science and Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Institute for Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Sretenovic S, Stojković B, Dogsa I, Kostanjšek R, Poberaj I, Stopar D. An early mechanical coupling of planktonic bacteria in dilute suspensions. Nat Commun 2017; 8:213. [PMID: 28790301 PMCID: PMC5548916 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00295-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that planktonic bacteria in dilute suspensions are not mechanically coupled and do not show correlated motion. The mechanical coupling of cells is a trait that develops upon transition into a biofilm, a microbial community of self-aggregated bacterial cells. Here we employ optical tweezers to show that bacteria in dilute suspensions are mechanically coupled and show long-range correlated motion. The strength of the coupling increases with the growth of liquid bacterial culture. The matrix responsible for the mechanical coupling is composed of cell debris and extracellular polymer material. The fragile network connecting cells behaves as viscoelastic liquid of entangled extracellular polymers. Our findings point to physical connections between bacteria in dilute bacterial suspensions that may provide a mechanistic framework for understanding of biofilm formation, osmotic flow of nutrients, diffusion of signal molecules in quorum sensing, or different efficacy of antibiotic treatments at low and high bacterial densities.Planktonic bacteria are untethered to surfaces or to each other, and thus are expected to move independently when at low cell densities. Here Sretenovic et al. show, using optical tweezers, that bacteria in dilute suspensions are mechanically coupled and show long-range correlated motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Sretenovic
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 111, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Biljana Stojković
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biophysics, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Iztok Dogsa
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 111, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Rok Kostanjšek
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 111, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Igor Poberaj
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
- Aresis Ltd., Ulica Franca Mlakarja 1a, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - David Stopar
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 111, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.
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Xie S, Wang X, Jiao N, Tung S, Liu L. Programmable micrometer-sized motor array based on live cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:2046-2053. [PMID: 28513721 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00017k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Trapping and transporting microorganisms with intrinsic motility are important tasks for biological, physical, and biomedical applications. However, fast swimming speed makes the manipulation of these organisms an inherently challenging task. In this study, we demonstrated that an optoelectrical technique, namely, optically induced dielectrophoresis (ODEP), could effectively trap and manipulate Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C. reinhardtii) cells swimming at velocities faster than 100 μm s-1. Furthermore, live C. reinhardtii cells trapped by ODEP can form a micrometer-sized motor array. The rotating frequency of the cells ranges from 50 to 120 rpm, which can be reversibly adjusted with a fast response speed by varying the optical intensity. Functional flagella have been demonstrated to play a decisive role in the rotation. The programmable cell array with a rotating motion can be used as a bio-micropump to drive the liquid flow in microfludic chips and may shed new light on bio-actuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangxi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang, 10016, China.
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Mishra A, Maltais TR, Walter TM, Wei A, Williams SJ, Wereley ST. Trapping and viability of swimming bacteria in an optoelectric trap. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:1039-1046. [PMID: 26891971 PMCID: PMC5562368 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01559f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Non-contact manipulation methods capable of trapping and transporting swimming bacteria can significantly aid in chemotaxis studies. However, high swimming speed makes the trapping of these organisms an inherently challenging task. We demonstrate that an optoelectric technique, rapid electrokinetic patterning (REP), can effectively trap and manipulate Enterobacter aerogenes bacteria swimming at velocities greater than 20 μm s(-1). REP uses electro-orientation, laser-induced AC electrothermal flow, and particle-electrode interactions for capturing these cells. In contrast to trapping non-swimming bacteria and inert microspheres, we observe that electro-orientation is critical to the trapping of the swimming cells, since unaligned bacteria can swim faster than the radially inward electrothermal flow and escape the trap. By assessing the cell membrane integrity, we study the effect of REP trapping conditions, including optical radiation, laser-induced heating, and the electric field on cell viability. When applied individually, the optical radiation and laser-induced heating have negligible effect on cells. At the standard REP trapping conditions fewer than 2% of cells have a compromised membrane after four minutes. To our knowledge this is the first study detailing the effect of REP trapping on cell viability. The presented results provide a clear guideline on selecting suitable REP parameters for trapping living bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mishra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907, USA.
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8
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S Bezryadina A, C Preece D, Chen JC, Chen Z. Optical disassembly of cellular clusters by tunable 'tug-of-war' tweezers. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2016; 5. [PMID: 27818838 PMCID: PMC5091843 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2016.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms underlie many persistent infections, posing major hurdles in antibiotic treatment. Here we design and demonstrate 'tug-of-war' optical tweezers that can facilitate the assessment of cell-cell adhesion-a key contributing factor to biofilm development, thanks to the combined actions of optical scattering and gradient forces. With a customized optical landscape distinct from that of conventional tweezers, not only can such 'tug-of-war' tweezers stably trap and stretch a rod-shaped bacterium in the observing plane, but, more importantly, they can also impose a tunable lateral force that pulls apart cellular clusters without any tethering or mechanical movement. As a proof of principle, we examined a Sinorhizobium meliloti strain that forms robust biofilms and found that the strength of intercellular adhesion depends on the growth medium. This technique may herald new photonic tools for optical manipulation and biofilm study, as well as other biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Bezryadina
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA
| | - Daryl C Preece
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joseph C Chen
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Applied Physical Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
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Md Ali MA, Ostrikov K(K, Khalid FA, Majlis BY, Kayani AA. Active bioparticle manipulation in microfluidic systems. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20080j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The motion of bioparticles in a microfluidic environment can be actively controlled using several tuneable mechanisms, including hydrodynamic, electrophoresis, dielectrophoresis, magnetophoresis, acoustophoresis, thermophoresis and optical forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Anuar Md Ali
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- Bangi
- Malaysia
| | - Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
- Australia
- CSIRO-QUT Joint Sustainable Processes and Devices Laboratory
| | - Fararishah Abdul Khalid
- Faculty of Technology Management and Technopreneurship
- Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
- Malaysia
| | - Burhanuddin Y. Majlis
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- Bangi
- Malaysia
| | - Aminuddin A. Kayani
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- Bangi
- Malaysia
- Center for Advanced Materials and Green Technology
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