Gramella lutea sp. nov., a Novel Species of the Family Flavobacteriaceae Isolated from Marine Sediment

Gramella oceanisediminis sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea sediment of the Indian Ocean

A taxonomic study was carried out on strain GC03-9^T, which was isolated from deep-sea sediment of the Indian Ocean. The bacterium was Gram-stain-negative, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, rod-shaped and gliding motile. Growth was observed at salinities of 0-9 % and at temperatures of 10-42 °C. The isolate could degrade gelatin and aesculin. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain GC03-9^T belonged to the genus Gramella, with the highest sequence similarity to Gramella bathymodioli JCM 33424^T (97.9 %), followed by Gramella jeungdoensis KCTC 23123^T (97.2 %) and other species of the genus Gramella (93.4-96.3 %). The average nucleotide identity and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization estimate values between strain GC03-9^T and G. bathymodioli JCM 33424^T and G. jeungdoensis KCTC 23123^T were 25.1 and 18.7 % and 82.47 and 75.69 %, respectively. The principal fatty acids were iso-C_15 : 0 (28.0 %), iso-C_17 : 0 3OH (13.4 %), summed feature 9 (iso-C_17 : 1  ω9c and/or 10-methyl C_16 : 0; 13.3 %) and summed feature 3 (C_16 : 1  ω7c and/or C_16 : 1  ω6c; 11.0 %). The G+C content of the chromosomal DNA was 41.17 mol%. The respiratory quinone was determined to be menaquinone-6 (100 %). Phosphatidylethanolamine, one unknown phospholipid, three unknown aminolipids and two unknown polar lipids were present. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data showed that strain GC03-9^T represents a novel species within the genus Gramella, for which the name Gramella oceanisediminis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain GC03-9^T (=MCCC M25440^T=KCTC 92235^T).

Gramella sediminis sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat of the Yellow Sea

A novel species of the genus Gramella , designated ASW11-100T, was isolated from a tidal flat sediment in the Yellow Sea, PR China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and single-copy orthologous clusters revealed that strain ASW11-100T belonged to the genus Gramella , and exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.9, 98.8 and 98.7 % to Gramella sabulilitoris HSMS-1T, Gramella sediminilitoris GHTF-27T and Gramella forsetii KT0803T, respectively. The genome of strain ASW11-100T harbours 2950 protein-coding genes and 105 carbohydrate-active enzymes including 38 glycoside hydrolases. Seventeen of the glycoside hydrolases are organized in five distinct polysaccharide utilization loci, which are predicted to involve in the degradation of starch, glucans, arabinoxylans, arabinomannan, arabinans and arabinogalactans. The genomic DNA G+C content was 37.3 mol%. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values between strain ASW11-100T and its closely related relatives were in ranges of 19.8–23.9% and 76.6–80.9 %, respectively. Cells of the isolate were Gram-negative, aerobic, non-flagellated and short rod-shaped. Carotenoid pigments were produced, but flexirubin-type pigments were absent. The major fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1  ω6c and/or C16 : 1  ω7c). The sole respiratory quinone was menaquinone-6 and the major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. Based on the above polyphasic evidence, strain ASW11-100T should be considered to represent a novel Gramella species, for which the name Gramella sediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ASW11-100T (=KCTC 82502T=MCCC 1K05580T).

Gramella crocea sp. nov., isolated from activated sludge of a seafood processing plant

A novel aerobic Gram-negative strain, designated as YB25^T, was isolated from an activated sludge sample collected from a seafood processing plant in Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China, and characterized by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach in this study. Strain YB25^T was motile by gliding, and short-rod-shaped. The isolate grew at 4-37 °C (optimum 28 °C), pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and 0.0-10.0% NaCl (optimum 2.0%, w/v). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain YB25^T belonged to the genus Gramella, and showed the highest sequence similarity of 97.59% to Gramella lutea YJ019^T. The DNA G + C content was 39.5%. In silico DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between strain YB25^T with most closely strains were below the threshold, which is considered to the phylogenetic definition of a novel species. Chemotaxonomic analysis indicated that the only respiratory quinone was menaquinone-6 and the major fatty acids were iso-C_15:0, anteiso-C_15:0, iso-C_17:0 3-OH, and summed feature 9 (iso-C_17:1ω9c and C_16:0 10 methyl). The polar lipid profile was composed of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, two unidentified amino lipids, three unidentified glycolipids, and four unidentified lipids. Compared with the reference strains, strain YB25^T contained higher abundance of genes for carbohydrates metabolism,nitrogen metabolism, sulfur metabolism and respiration based on its genomic metabolic pathways and had been found a certain potential in the degradation of pectin. On the basis of the taxonomic evidence, strain YB25^T represents a novel species of the genus Gramella, for which the name Gramella crocea sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YB25^T (= KCTC 82680 ^T = MCCC 1K05761^T).

Gramella salexigens sp. nov., isolated from seawater

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterial strain, designated LPB0144^T was isolated from the seawater of South Sea, Korea. The 16S rRNA gene sequence was found to share the highest sequence similarity to Gramella sediminilitoris GHTF-27^T (97.7 %) and the strain branched within the radiation of the genus Gramella in phylogenetic trees. Thus, the taxonomic position of the novel isolate was investigated using a polyphasic approach and complete genome sequencing. Strain LPB0144^T has a circular chromosome of 2.98 Mb with DNA G+C content of 38.2 mol%. The genome includes 2604 protein-coding genes and three copies of rRNA operons. The detected respiratory quinone (MK-6) and the major polar lipid (phosphatidylethanolamine) resemble the chemotaxonomic profile of other Gramella species. The major cellular fatty acid profile (iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and anteiso-C15 : 0) is also within the range of Gramella, but detailed composition and amounts were found to be different from those of closely related neighbours. Many biochemical and physiological characteristics also distinguished the isolate from other species within the genus Gramella. On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic data obtained here, we propose strain LPB0144^T as a novel Gramella species, for which the name Gramella salexigens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LPB0144^T (=KACC 18894^T=JCM 31560^T).

Gramella antarctica sp. nov., isolated from marine surface sediment

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, yellow-coloured, motile by gliding, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated R17H11^T, was isolated from surface sediment collected from the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Growth optimally occurred at 25-30 °C, at pH 7.0-7.5 and in the presence of 3 % NaCl (w/v). Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain R17H11^T clustered together with Gramella flava JLT2011^T and fell within the genus Gramella. Strain R17H11^T shared the highest 16S rRNA gene similarities (96.1 and 96.0 %) with the type strains of Gramella forsetii and G. flava, and 92.6-95.5 % similarities with those of other known Gramella species. Strain R17H11^T contained menaquinone-6 as the only isoprenoid quinone. The major fatty acids (>5 %) were summed feature 3 (17.5 %, comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C15 : 0 (14.0 %), summed feature 9 (11.8 %, comprising 10-methyl C16 : 0 and/or iso-C17 : 1ω9c), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (11.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (7.4 %), C17 : 1ω6c (6.9 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (5.1 %). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified lipids, an unidentified aminolipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. The DNA G+C content of strain R17H11^T was 38.6 mol%. On the basis of the phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain R17H11^T represents a novel species in the genus Gramella, for which the name Gramellaantarctica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the novel species is R17H11^T (=GDMCC 1.1208^T=KCTC 52925^T).

Description of Gramella forsetii sp. nov., a marine Flavobacteriaceae isolated from North Sea water, and emended description of Gramella gaetbulicola Cho et al. 2011

Strain KT0803^T was isolated from coastal eutrophic surface waters of Helgoland Roads near the island of Helgoland, North Sea, Germany. The taxonomic position of the strain, previously known as 'Gramella forsetii' KT0803, was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. The strain was Gram-stain-negative, chemo-organotrophic, heterotrophic, strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and had orange-yellow carotenoid pigments, but was negative for flexirubin-type pigments. It grew optimally at 22-25 °C, at pH 7.5 and at a salinity between 2-3 %. Strain KT0803^T hydrolysed the polysaccharides laminarin, alginate, pachyman and starch. The respiratory quinone was MK-6. Polar lipids comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, six unidentified lipids and two unidentified aminolipids. The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c and iso-C17 : 1ω7c, with smaller amounts of iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 36.6 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838^T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082^T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13^T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19^T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019^T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547^T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048^T. The DNA-DNA relatedness values were <35 % between strain KT0803^T and type strains with >98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity. Based on the chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and genomic characteristics, strain KT0803^T has been assigned to the genus Gramella, as Gramella forsetii sp. nov. The type strain is KT0803^T (=DSM 17595^T=CGMCC 1.15422^T). An emended description of Gramella gaetbulicolaCho et al. 2011 is also proposed.

List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published

The purpose of this announcement is to effect the valid publication of the following effectively published new names and new combinations under the procedure described in the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision). Authors and other individuals wishing to have new names and/or combinations included in future lists should send three copies of the pertinent reprint or photocopies thereof, or an electronic copy of the published paper to the IJSEM Editorial Office for confirmation that all of the other requirements for valid publication have been met. It is also a requirement of IJSEM and the ICSP that authors of new species, new subspecies and new combinations provide evidence that types are deposited in two recognized culture collections in two different countries. It should be noted that the date of valid publication of these new names and combinations is the date of publication of this list, not the date of the original publication of the names and combinations. The authors of the new names and combinations are as given below. Inclusion of a name on these lists validates the publication of the name and thereby makes it available in the nomenclature of prokaryotes. The inclusion of a name on this list is not to be construed as taxonomic acceptance of the taxon to which the name is applied. Indeed, some of these names may, in time, be shown to be synonyms, or the organisms may be transferred to another genus, thus necessitating the creation of a new combination.