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Li J, Zhang L, Xiong J, Cheng X, Huang Y, Su Z, Yi M, Liu S. Polyamines Disrupt the KaiABC Oscillator by Inducing Protein Denaturation. Molecules 2019; 24:E3351. [PMID: 31540079 PMCID: PMC6767301 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamines are positively charged small molecules ubiquitously existing in all living organisms, and they are considered as one kind of the most ancient cellular components. The most common polyamines are spermidine, spermine, and their precursor putrescine generated from ornithine. Polyamines play critical roles in cells by stabilizing chromatin structure, regulating DNA replication, modulating gene expression, etc., and they also affect the structure and function of proteins. A few studies have investigated the impact of polyamines on protein structure and function previously, but no reports have focused on a protein-based biological module with a dedicated function. In this report, we investigated the impact of polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) on the cyanobacterial KaiABC circadian oscillator. Using an established in vitro reconstitution system, we noticed that polyamines could disrupt the robustness of the KaiABC oscillator by inducing the denaturation of the Kai proteins (KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC). Further experiments showed that the denaturation was likely due to the induced change of the thermal stability of the clock proteins. Our study revealed an intriguing role of polyamines as a component in complex cellular environments and would be of great importance for elucidating the biological function of polyamines in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkui Li
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (HBUT, Ministry of Education) and National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
| | - Lingya Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
| | - Junwen Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (HBUT, Ministry of Education) and National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Xiyao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (HBUT, Ministry of Education) and National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Yongqi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (HBUT, Ministry of Education) and National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Zhengding Su
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (HBUT, Ministry of Education) and National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Ming Yi
- School of Mathematics and Physics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Sen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (HBUT, Ministry of Education) and National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
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Crystal structure of dimeric Synechococcus spermidine synthase with bound polyamine substrate and product. Biochem J 2019; 476:1009-1020. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSpermidine is a ubiquitous polyamine synthesized by spermidine synthase (SPDS) from the substrates, putrescine and decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine (dcAdoMet). SPDS is generally active as homodimer, but higher oligomerization states have been reported in SPDS from thermophiles, which are less specific to putrescine as the aminoacceptor substrate. Several crystal structures of SPDS have been solved with and without bound substrates and/or products as well as inhibitors. Here, we determined the crystal structure of SPDS from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus (SySPDS) that is a homodimer, which we also observed in solution. Unlike crystal structures reported for bacterial and eukaryotic SPDS with bound ligands, SySPDS structure has not only bound putrescine substrate taken from the expression host, but also spermidine product most probably as a result of an enzymatic reaction. Hence, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first structure reported with both amino ligands in the same structure. Interestingly, the gate-keeping loop is disordered in the putrescine-bound monomer while it is stabilized in the spermidine-bound monomer of the SySPDS dimer. This confirms the gate-keeping loop as the key structural element that prepares the active site upon binding of dcAdoMet for the catalytic reaction of the amine donor and putrescine.
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Pothipongsa A, Jantaro S, Salminen TA, Incharoensakdi A. Molecular characterization and homology modeling of spermidine synthase from Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:72. [PMID: 28299555 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2242-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Spermidine synthase (Spds) catalyzes the formation of spermidine by transferring the aminopropyl group from decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine (dcSAM) to putrescine. The Synechococcus spds gene encoding Spds was expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified recombinant enzyme had a molecular mass of 33 kDa and showed optimal activity at pH 7.5, 37 °C. The enzyme had higher affinity for dcSAM (K m, 20 µM) than for putrescine (K m, 111 µM) and was highly specific towards the diamine putrescine with no activity observed towards longer chain diamines. The three-dimensional structural model for Synechococcus Spds revealed that most of the ligand binding residues in Spds from Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942 are identical to those of human and parasite Spds. Based on the model, the highly conserved acidic residues, Asp89, Asp159 and Asp162, are involved in the binding of substrates putrescine and dcSAM and Pro166 seems to confer substrate specificity towards putrescine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apiradee Pothipongsa
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Saowarath Jantaro
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Tiina A Salminen
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Aran Incharoensakdi
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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