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Qu Y, Zhao Y, Yao X, Wang J, Liu Z, Hong Y, Zheng P, Wang L, Hu B. Salinity causes differences in stratigraphic methane sources and sinks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:100334. [PMID: 38046178 PMCID: PMC10692758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2023.100334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Methane metabolism, driven by methanogenic and methanotrophic microorganisms, plays a pivotal role in the carbon cycle. As seawater intrusion and soil salinization rise due to global environmental shifts, understanding how salinity affects methane emissions, especially in deep strata, becomes imperative. Yet, insights into stratigraphic methane release under varying salinity conditions remain sparse. Here we investigate the effects of salinity on methane metabolism across terrestrial and coastal strata (15-40 m depth) through in situ and microcosm simulation studies. Coastal strata, exhibiting a salinity level five times greater than terrestrial strata, manifested a 12.05% decrease in total methane production, but a staggering 687.34% surge in methane oxidation, culminating in 146.31% diminished methane emissions. Salinity emerged as a significant factor shaping the methane-metabolizing microbial community's dynamics, impacting the methanogenic archaeal, methanotrophic archaeal, and methanotrophic bacterial communities by 16.53%, 27.25%, and 22.94%, respectively. Furthermore, microbial interactions influenced strata system methane metabolism. Metabolic pathway analyses suggested Atribacteria JS1's potential role in organic matter decomposition, facilitating methane production via Methanofastidiosales. This study thus offers a comprehensive lens to comprehend stratigraphic methane emission dynamics and the overarching factors modulating them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangwu Yao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zishu Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Hong
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lizhong Wang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Baolan Hu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou, China
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Wang W, Liang H, Li F, Su H, Li H, Gao D. Water level of inland saline wetlands with implications for CO 2 and CH 4 fluxes during the autumn freeze-thaw period in Northeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:50125-50133. [PMID: 36790702 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25862-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Zhalong wetland is the largest inland saline wetland in Asia and susceptible to imbalance and frequent flooding during the freeze-thaw period. Changes in water level and temperature can alter the rate of greenhouse gas release from wetlands and have the potential to alter Earth's carbon budget. However, there are few reports on how water level, temperature, and their interactions affect greenhouse gas flux in inland saline wetland during the freeze-thaw period. This study revealed the characteristics of CO2 and CH4 fluxes in Zhalong saline wetlands at different water levels during the autumn freeze-thaw period and clarifies the response of CO2 and CH4 fluxes to water levels. The significance analysis of cumulative CO2 fluxes at different water levels showed that water levels did not have a significant effect on cumulative CO2 release fluxes from wetlands. Water levels, temperature, soil moisture content, soil nitrate, and ammonium nitrogen content and organic carbon content could explain 24.5-98.9% of CO2 and CH4 flux variation. There were significant differences in the average and cumulative CH4 fluxes at different water levels. The higher the water levels, the higher the CH4 fluxes. In short, water level had a significant effect on wetland methane fluxes, but not on carbon dioxide fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Wang
- Centre for Urban Environmental Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 100044, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Liang
- Centre for Urban Environmental Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China.
- Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 100044, Beijing, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Centre for Urban Environmental Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 100044, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Su
- Centre for Urban Environmental Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 100044, Beijing, China
| | - Huiju Li
- Centre for Urban Environmental Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 100044, Beijing, China
| | - Dawen Gao
- Centre for Urban Environmental Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 100044, Beijing, China
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Zhu X, Deng Y, Hernández M, Fang J, Xing P, Liu Y. Distinct responses of soil methanotrophy in hummocks and hollows to simulated glacier meltwater and temperature rise in Tibetan glacier foreland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 862:160888. [PMID: 36521618 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Glacier foreland soils are known to be essential methane (CH4) consumers. However, global warming and increased glacier meltwater have turned some foreland meadows into swamp meadows. The potential impact of this change on the function of foreland soils in methane consumption remains unclear. Therefore, we collected Tibetan glacier foreland soils in the non-melting season from typical microtopography in swamp meadows (hummock and hollow). Three soil moisture conditions (moist, saturated, and submerged) were set by adding glacier runoff water. Soil samples were then incubated in the laboratory for two weeks at 10 °C and 20 °C. About 5 % of 13CH4/12CH4 was added to the incubation bottles, and daily methane concentrations were measured. DNA stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP) and high-throughput sequencing were combined to target the active methanotroph populations. The results showed that type Ia methanotrophs, including Crenothrix, Methylobacter, and an unclassified Methylomonadaceae cluster, actively oxidized methane at 10 °C and 20 °C. There were distinct responses of methanotrophs to soil moisture rises in hummock and hollow soils, resulting in different methane oxidation potentials. In both hummock and hollow soils, the methane oxidation potential was positively correlated with temperature. Furthermore, saturated hummock soils exhibited the highest methane oxidation potential and methanotroph populations, while submerged hollow soils had the lowest. This suggests that the in-situ hummock soils, generally saturated with water, are more essential than in-situ hollows, typically submerged in water, for alleviating the global warming potential of swamp meadows in the Tibetan glacier foreland during the growing season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinshu Zhu
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yongcui Deng
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Marcela Hernández
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Fang
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Peng Xing
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yongqin Liu
- Center for the Pan-third Pole Environment, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Cui H, Wang Y, Su X, Wei S, Pang S, Zhu Y, Zhang S, Ma C, Hou W, Jiang H. Response of methanogenic community and their activity to temperature rise in alpine swamp meadow at different water level of the permafrost wetland on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1181658. [PMID: 37213493 PMCID: PMC10198574 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1181658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Wetlands are an important source of atmospheric methane (CH4) and are sensitive to global climate change. Alpine swamp meadows, accounting for ~50% of the natural wetlands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, were considered one of the most important ecosystems. Methanogens are important functional microbes that perform the methane producing process. However, the response of methanogenic community and the main pathways of CH4 production to temperature rise remains unknown in alpine swamp meadow at different water level in permafrost wetlands. In this study, we investigated the response of soil CH4 production and the shift of methanogenic community to temperature rise in the alpine swamp meadow soil samples with different water levels collected from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau through anaerobic incubation at 5°C, 15°C and 25°C. The results showed that the CH4 contents increased with increasing incubation temperature, and were 5-10 times higher at the high water level sites (GHM1 and GHM2) than that at the low water level site (GHM3). For the high water level sites (GHM1 and GHM2), the change of incubation temperatures had little effect on the methanogenic community structure. Methanotrichaceae (32.44-65.46%), Methanobacteriaceae (19.30-58.86%) and Methanosarcinaceae (3.22-21.24%) were the dominant methanogen groups, with the abundance of Methanotrichaceae and Methanosarcinaceae having a significant positive correlation with CH4 production (p < 0.01). For the low water level site (GHM3), the methanogenic community structure changed greatly at 25°C. The Methanobacteriaceae (59.65-77.33%) was the dominant methanogen group at 5°C and 15°C; In contrast, the Methanosarcinaceae (69.29%) dominated at 25°C, and its abundance showed a significant positive correlation with CH4 production (p < 0.05). Collectively, these findings enhance the understanding of methanogenic community structures and CH4 production in permafrost wetlands with different water levels during the warming process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongpeng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources and Polar Geology, Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
- School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfa Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources and Polar Geology, Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
- School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Su
- Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources and Polar Geology, Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
- School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
- Xin Su,
| | - Shiping Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources and Polar Geology, Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
- School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shouji Pang
- Oil and Gas Survey, China Geological Survey, Beijing, China
| | - Youhai Zhu
- Oil and Gas Survey, China Geological Survey, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Oil and Gas Survey, China Geological Survey, Beijing, China
| | - Chenjie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources and Polar Geology, Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
- School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiguo Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongchen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources and Polar Geology, Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
- School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hongchen Jiang,
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Assessment of Multiple Anaerobic Co-Digestions and Related Microbial Community of Molasses with Rice-Alcohol Wastewater. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13184866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Molasses is a highly dense and refined byproduct produced in the sugarcane industry, and it contains high amounts of degradable compounds. Through bioconversion, these compounds can be transformed into renewable products. However, the involved biological process is negatively influenced by the high chemical oxygen demand (COD) of molasses and ion concentration. The co-digestion of molasses with rice-alcohol wastewater (RAW) was compared with its mono-digestion at an increasing organic loading rate (OLR). Both processes were assessed by detecting the COD removal rate, the methane contents of biogas, and the structure and composition of microbial communities at different stages. Results showed that the co-digestion is stable up to a maximum OLR of 16 g COD L−1 d−1, whereas after the acclimatization phase, the mono-digestion process was disturbed two times, which occurred at a maximum OLR of 9 and 10 g COD L−1 d−1. The volatile fatty acids (VFAs) observed were 2059.66 mg/L and 1896.9 mg/L, which in mono-digestion causes the inhibition at maximum OLRs. In the co-digestion process, the concomitant COD removal rates and methane content recorded was 90.72 ± 0.63% 64.47% ± 0.59% correspondingly. While in the mono-digestion process, high COD removal rate and methane contents observed were 89.29 ± 0.094% and 61.37 ± 1.06% respectively. From the analysis of microbial communities, it has been observed that both the bacterial and archaeal communities respond differently at unlike stages. However, in both processes, Propionibacteriaceae was the most abundant family in the bacterial communities, whereas Methanosaetaceae was abundant in the archaeal communities. From the current study, it has been concluded that that rice-alcohol wastewater could be a good co-substrate for the anaerobic digestion of molasses in terms of COD removal rate and methane contents production, that could integrate molasses into progressive biogas production with high OLR.
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Diversity of active root-associated methanotrophs of three emergent plants in a eutrophic wetland in northern China. AMB Express 2020; 10:48. [PMID: 32170424 PMCID: PMC7070141 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-00984-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Root-associated aerobic methanotrophs play an important role in regulating methane emissions from the wetlands. However, the influences of the plant genotype on root-associated methanotrophic structures, especially on active flora, remain poorly understood. Transcription of the pmoA gene, encoding particulate methane monooxygenase in methanotrophs, was analyzed by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) of mRNA isolated from root samples of three emergent macrophytes, including Phragmites australis, Typha angustifolia, and Schoenoplectus triqueter (syn. Scirpus triqueter L.) from a eutrophic wetland. High-throughput sequencing of pmoA based on DNA and cDNA was used to analyze the methanotrophic community. Sequencing of cDNA pmoA amplicons confirmed that the structure of active methanotrophic was not always consistent with DNA. A type I methanotroph, Methylomonas, was the most active group in P. australis, whereas Methylocystis, a type II methanotroph, was the dominant group in S. triqueter. In T. angustifolia, these two types of methanotroph existed in similar proportions. However, at the DNA level, Methylomonas was predominant in the roots of all three plants. In addition, vegetation type could have a profound impact on root-associated methanotrophic community at both DNA and cDNA levels. These results indicate that members of the genera Methylomonas (type I) and Methylocystis (type II) can significantly contribute to aerobic methane oxidation in a eutrophic wetland.
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Wang Y, Cui H, Su X, Wei S, Zhu Y, Lu Z, Pang S, Liu H, Zhang S, Hou W. Diversity and Distribution of Methanogenic Community Between Two Typical Alpine Ecosystems on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:1061-1069. [PMID: 32036395 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-01891-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alpine permafrost regions are important sources of biogenic CH4 and methanogens play an important role in the methane-producing process. The alpine permafrost on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau comprises about one-sixth of China's land area, and there are various types of alpine ecosystems. However, the methanogenic communities in the typical alpine ecosystems are poorly understood. In this study, the active layers and permafrost layers of the natural ecosystem of alpine grassland (DZ2-1) and alpine swamp meadow (DZ2-5) were selected to investigate the diversity and abundance of methanogenic communities. Methanobacterium (63.65%) are overwhelmingly dominant in the active layer of the alpine grassland (DZ2-1A). ZC-I cluster (26.13%), RC-I cluster (19.56%), and Methanobacterium (15.02%) are the dominant groups in the permafrost layer of the alpine grassland (DZ2-1P). Methanosaeta (32.92%), Fen cluster (29.59%), Methanosarcina (16.33%), and Methanobacterium (13.95%) are the dominant groups in the active layer of the alpine swamp meadow (DZ2-5A), whereas the Fen cluster (50.85%), ZC-I cluster (27.63%), and RC-I cluster (14.15%) are relatively abundant in the permafrost layer of the alpine swamp meadow (DZ2-5P). qPCR data showed that the abundance of methanogens was higher in the natural ecosystem of alpine swamp meadow than in alpine grassland. We found that the community characteristics of methanogens were related to environmental factors. Pearson correlation analyses indicated that the relative abundance of Methanobacterium had a significantly positive correlation with hydrogen concentration (P < 0.01), while the relative abundances of Methanosaeta and Methanosarcina were positively correlated with acetate concentration (P < 0.05). This study will help us to understand the methanogenic communities and their surrounding environments in alpine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfa Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongpeng Cui
- School of Marine Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xin Su
- School of Marine Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Shiping Wei
- School of Marine Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Youhai Zhu
- Oil and Gas Survey, China Geological Survey, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhenquan Lu
- Oil and Gas Survey, China Geological Survey, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shouji Pang
- Oil and Gas Survey, China Geological Survey, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Oil and Gas Survey, China Geological Survey, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Oil and Gas Survey, China Geological Survey, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Weiguo Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
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Lu F, Jiang Q, Qian F, Zhou Q, Jiang C, Shen P. Semi-continuous feeding combined with traditional domestication improved anaerobic performance during treatment of cassava stillage. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 291:121807. [PMID: 31344633 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of feeding pattern were studied during anaerobic digestion of cassava stillage. Continuous feeding and semi-continuous feeding, were adopted in two internal circulation (IC) reactors (A and B, respectively). The reactors showed different performance in the anaerobic digestion process. The maximum difference, was observed for the soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) removal rate and the biogas production, which were 23.2% and 95.7 L/2 d higher in reactor B than reactor A, respectively. The overall VFAs level of reactor A was higher than that of reactor B. Microbial community analyses indicated that the abundances of dominant bacteria and methanogens became higher in the reactor B than in reactor A as the digestion process progressed. Hence, semi-continuous feeding showed superior performance than continuous feeding for SCOD removal rate, biogas production, and the relative abundances of methanogens in the case of high OLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhi Lu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, Guangxi, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Nanning 530005, Guangxi, China; College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hechi University, Hechi 546300, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiong Jiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, Guangxi, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Nanning 530005, Guangxi, China
| | - Feng Qian
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, Guangxi, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Nanning 530005, Guangxi, China; Guangxi MeiTaiXin Material Co., Ltd., Hechi 546311, Guangxi, China
| | - Quanneng Zhou
- Guangxi Hengyi Bio-energy Technology Co., Ltd 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Chengjian Jiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, Guangxi, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Nanning 530005, Guangxi, China
| | - Peihong Shen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, Guangxi, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Nanning 530005, Guangxi, China.
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