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Pyzik E, Urban-Chmiel R, Kurek Ł, Herman K, Stachura R, Marek A. Bacteriophages for Controlling Staphylococcus spp. Pathogens on Dairy Cattle Farms: In Vitro Assessment. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:683. [PMID: 38473068 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic Staphylococcus spp. strains are significant agents involved in mastitis and in skin and limb infections in dairy cattle. The aim of this study was to assess the antibacterial effectiveness of bacteriophages isolated from dairy cattle housing as potential tools for maintaining environmental homeostasis. The research will contribute to the use of phages as alternatives to antibiotics. The material was 56 samples obtained from dairy cows with signs of limb and hoof injuries. Staphylococcus species were identified by phenotypic, MALDI-TOF MS and PCR methods. Antibiotic resistance was determined by the disc diffusion method. Phages were isolated from cattle housing systems. Phage activity (plaque forming units, PFU/mL) was determined on double-layer agar plates. Morphology was examined using TEM microscopy, and molecular characteristics were determined with PCR. Among 52 strains of Staphylococcus spp., 16 were used as hosts for bacteriophages. Nearly all isolates (94%, 15/16) showed resistance to neomycin, and 87% were resistant to spectinomycin. Cefuroxime and vancomycin were the most effective antibiotics. On the basis of their morphology, bacteriophages were identified as class Caudoviricetes, formerly Caudovirales, families Myoviridae-like (6), and Siphoviridae-like (9). Three bacteriophages of the family Myoviridae-like, with the broadest spectrum of activity, were used for further analysis. This study showed a wide spectrum of activity against the Staphylococcus spp. strains tested. The positive results indicate that bacteriophages can be used to improve the welfare of cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Pyzik
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Renata Urban-Chmiel
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kurek
- Department and Clinic of Animal Internal Diseases, Sub-Department of Internal Diseases of Farm Animals and Horses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Klaudia Herman
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Rafał Stachura
- Agromarina Company, Kulczyn-Kolonia 48, 22-235 Hańsk Pierwszy, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Marek
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria—A Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081079. [PMID: 36009947 PMCID: PMC9404765 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A global problem of multi-drug resistance (MDR) among bacteria is the cause of hundreds of thousands of deaths every year. In response to the significant increase of MDR bacteria, legislative measures have widely been taken to limit or eliminate the use of antibiotics, including in the form of feed additives for livestock, but also in metaphylaxis and its treatment, which was the subject of EU Regulation in 2019/6. Numerous studies have documented that bacteria use both phenotypis and gentic strategies enabling a natural defence against antibiotics and the induction of mechanisms in increasing resistance to the used antibacterial chemicals. The mechanisms presented in this review developed by the bacteria have a significant impact on reducing the ability to combat bacterial infections in humans and animals. Moreover, the high prevalence of multi-resistant strains in the environment and the ease of transmission of drug-resistance genes between the different bacterial species including commensal flora and pathogenic like foodborne pathogens (E. coli, Campylobacter spp., Enterococcus spp., Salmonella spp., Listeria spp., Staphylococcus spp.) favor the rapid spread of multi-resistance among bacteria in humans and animals. Given the global threat posed by the widespread phenomenon of multi-drug resistance among bacteria which are dangerous for humans and animals, the subject of this study is the presentation of the mechanisms of resistance in most frequent bacteria called as “foodborne pathoges” isolated from human and animals. In order to present the significance of the global problem related to multi-drug resistance among selected pathogens, especially those danger to humans, the publication also presents statistical data on the percentage range of occurrence of drug resistance among selected bacteria in various regions of the world. In addition to the phenotypic characteristics of pathogen resistance, this review also presents detailed information on the detection of drug resistance genes for specific groups of antibiotics. It should be emphasized that the manuscript also presents the results of own research i.e., Campylobacter spp., E. coli or Enetrococcus spp. This subject and the presentation of data on the risks of drug resistance among bacteria will contribute to initiating research in implementing the prevention of drug resistance and the development of alternatives for antimicrobials methods of controlling bacteria.
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Tao CW, Chen JS, Hsu BM, Koner S, Hung TC, Wu HM, Rathod J. Molecular Evaluation of Traditional Chicken Farm-Associated Bioaerosols for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Shedding. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10080917. [PMID: 34438967 PMCID: PMC8388662 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10080917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of airborne pathogens, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) through bioaerosol, and their molecular characterization around domestic poultry farming areas, was not completely understood. This imposes risk of a MRSA-associated health threat for the relevant livestock food production units. To address this issue, the present study investigated the role of bioaerosol in transmitting MRSA strains in poultry house settings by combining molecular typing, phylogenetic classification, antibiotic susceptibility, and virulence gene distribution patterns. The present study highlights that all 18 bioaerosol and stool samples collected were MRSA positive, with a unique set of virulence factors. Out of 57 isolated MRSA isolates, 68.4% and 19.3% consisted of SCCmec I and IV elements, respectively, which are commonly linked with hospital-acquired and livestock-associated MRSA strains. It is worth noting that the exfoliative toxin eta and etb genes were carried by 100% and 70.2% of all isolates, respectively. Only 17.5% of strains showed the presence of enterotoxin entC. These MRSA isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol (C), ciprofloxacin (CIP), clindamycin (DA), erythromycin (E), and tetracycline (T), signifying their multi-drug resistance traits. A cluster of phylogenetic analysis described that 80.7% and 15.8% of total isolates belonged to Staphylococcus aureus protein A (spa) type t002 and t548. Whereas 3.5% were reflected as a new spa type. Additionally, as per the chi-squared test score value, these two spa types (t002 and t548) have a distribution correlation with HA-MRSA and LA-MRSA in all the samples (p < 0.005, chi-squared test; degree of freedom = 1). Ultimately, this study highlights the prevalence of MRSA colonization in the conventional poultry farm environment, showing the risk of bioaerosol transmission, which needs epidemiological attention and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Wei Tao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112401, Taiwan;
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Health, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 611310, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan;
| | - Bing-Mu Hsu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621301, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-5272-0411 (ext. 66218)
| | - Suprokash Koner
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621301, Taiwan;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621301, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Che Hung
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 600566, Taiwan;
| | - Han-Ming Wu
- Family Medicine Department, Asia University Hospital, Taichung 413505, Taiwan;
| | - Jagat Rathod
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan;
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Parvin MS, Ali MY, Talukder S, Nahar A, Chowdhury EH, Rahman MT, Islam MT. Prevalence and Multidrug Resistance Pattern of Methicillin Resistant S. aureus Isolated from Frozen Chicken Meat in Bangladesh. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030636. [PMID: 33803779 PMCID: PMC8003192 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are continuously expanding within the community. Chicken meat is usually contaminated by MRSA, and this contaminated chicken meat is an important source of foodborne infections in humans. In this study, a cross-sectional supershop survey was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of MRSA in 113 domestic frozen chicken meat samples purchased from nine branded supershops available in five divisional megacities of Bangladesh. The study also focused on the determination of methicillin resistance gene in MRSA isolates. S. aureus was identified by standard culture-based and molecular methods, and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. MRSA was screened by cefoxitin disk diffusion test. Methicillin resistance gene was identified by PCR. Of samples, 54.9% were positive for S. aureus, and, of these, 37.1% isolates were identified as MRSA. All the isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR): 52.2% were resistant to 6–8 antimicrobial classes, and 47.8% isolates to 9–12 classes. Three (3.2%) isolates of S. aureus were possible extensively drug resistant. The highest rates of resistance were observed against cefoxitin (100%), followed by nalidixic acid, ampicillin and oxacillin (97.7%), colistin (91.3%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and amoxicillin (87%), penicillin-G and cloxacillin (82.6%), oxytetracycline (78.3%), and cefixime (73.9%). Screening of methicillin resistance gene revealed that 43.5% isolates of MRSA were positive for mecA gene. The high prevalence of MDR MRSA in frozen chicken meat samples in this study emphasizes the need for better sanitary education of food handlers in hygienic practices focusing on their potential role as reservoirs and spreaders of MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst. Sonia Parvin
- Population Medicine and AMR Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (M.S.P.); (M.Y.A.); (S.T.)
| | - Md. Yamin Ali
- Population Medicine and AMR Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (M.S.P.); (M.Y.A.); (S.T.)
- Department of Livestock Services, Farmgate, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh
| | - Sudipta Talukder
- Population Medicine and AMR Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (M.S.P.); (M.Y.A.); (S.T.)
| | - Azimun Nahar
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
| | - Emdadul Haque Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Tanvir Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Taohidul Islam
- Population Medicine and AMR Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (M.S.P.); (M.Y.A.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +880-91-67401-6 (ext. 6366)
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Szafraniec GM, Szeleszczuk P, Dolka B. A Review of Current Knowledge on Staphylococcus agnetis in Poultry. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081421. [PMID: 32823920 PMCID: PMC7460464 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This literature review provides a synthesis and evaluation of the current knowledge on Staphylococcus agnetis (S. agnetis) and its implications in poultry pathology. Recent studies revealed that S. agnetis can cause bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO), endocarditis, and septicemia in broiler chickens. Lameness constitutes one of the major health and welfare problems causing huge economic losses in the poultry industry. To date, a range of infectious and non-infectious factors have been associated with lameness in poultry. Among bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus, Staphylococcus aureus is the main species associated with locomotor problems. This contrasts with S. agnetis, which until recently had not been considered as a poultry pathogen. Previously only reported in cattle, S. agnetis has expanded its host range to chickens, and due to its unique characteristics has become recognized as a new emerging pathogen. The genotypic and phenotypic similarities between S. agnetis and other two staphylococci (S. hyicus and S. chromogenes) make this pathogen capable of escaping recognition due to misidentification. Although a significant amount of research on S. agnetis has been conducted, many facts about this novel species are still unknown and further studies are required to understand its full significance in poultry pathology. Abstract This review aims to summarize recent discoveries and advancements regarding the characteristics of Staphylococcus agnetis (S. agnetis) and its role in poultry pathology. S. agnetis is an emerging pathogen that was primarily associated with mastitis in dairy cattle. After a presumed host jump from cattle to poultry, it was identified as a pathological agent in broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus), causing lameness induced by bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO), septicemia, and valvular endocarditis. Economic and welfare losses caused by lameness are global problems in the poultry industry, and S. agnetis has been shown to have a potential to induce high incidences of lameness in broiler chickens. S. agnetis exhibits a distinct repertoire of virulence factors found in many different staphylococci. It is closely related to S. hyicus and S. chromogenes, hence infections caused by S. agnetis may be misdiagnosed or even undiagnosed. As there are very few reports on S. agnetis in poultry, many facts about its pathogenesis, epidemiology, routes of transmission, and the potential impacts on the poultry industry remain unknown.
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Delcanale P, Hally C, Nonell S, Bonardi S, Viappiani C, Abbruzzetti S. Photodynamic action of Hypericum perforatum hydrophilic extract against Staphylococcus aureus. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:324-331. [DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00428a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypericin (Hyp) is one of the most effective, naturally occurring photodynamic agents, which proved effective against a wide array of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Delcanale
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)
- the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)
- Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Cormac Hally
- Institut Quimic de Sarrià
- Universitat Ramon Llull
- 08017 Barcelona
- Spain
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Quimic de Sarrià
- Universitat Ramon Llull
- 08017 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Silvia Bonardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie
- Università degli Studi di Parma
- 43126 Parma
- Italy
| | - Cristiano Viappiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche
- Fisiche e Informatiche
- Università di Parma
- 43124 Parma
- Italy
| | - Stefania Abbruzzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche
- Fisiche e Informatiche
- Università di Parma
- 43124 Parma
- Italy
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Drougka E, Foka A, Giormezis N, Sergelidis D, Militsopoulou M, Jelastopulu E, Komodromos D, Sarrou S, Anastassiou ED, Petinaki E, Spiliopoulou I. Multidrug‐resistant enterotoxigenicStaphylococcus aureuslineages isolated from animals, their carcasses, the personnel, and the environment of an abattoir in Greece. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleanna Drougka
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine University of Patras Patras Greece
- National Reference Laboratory for Staphylococci University of Patras Patras Greece
| | - Antigoni Foka
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine University of Patras Patras Greece
- National Reference Laboratory for Staphylococci University of Patras Patras Greece
| | - Nikolaos Giormezis
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine University of Patras Patras Greece
| | - Daniel Sergelidis
- Department of Hygiene and Technology of Foods of Animal Origin, School of Veterinary Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Maria Militsopoulou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine University of Patras Patras Greece
| | - Eleni Jelastopulu
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine University of Patras Patras Greece
| | - Dimitrios Komodromos
- Department of Hygiene and Technology of Foods of Animal Origin, School of Veterinary Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Styliani Sarrou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine University of Thessaly Larissa Greece
| | - Evangelos D. Anastassiou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine University of Patras Patras Greece
- National Reference Laboratory for Staphylococci University of Patras Patras Greece
| | - Efthimia Petinaki
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine University of Thessaly Larissa Greece
| | - Iris Spiliopoulou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine University of Patras Patras Greece
- National Reference Laboratory for Staphylococci University of Patras Patras Greece
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