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Le VD, Phan TTP, Nguyen HD. Production of Tobacco Etch Virus Protease (TEV) Expressed in the Endotoxin-Free Bacillus subtilis and Its Application. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:376. [PMID: 39322786 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03907-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Tobacco Etch virus (TEV) protease is one of the most common tools for removing fusion tags, but no study has shown that TEV can be expressed at high levels in the GRAS host strain Bacillus subtilis and purified for further application. In this study, the fusion protein BsLysSN-TEV C/S-His-TEV consisting of a fusion tag, N-terminal domain of a lysyl-tRNA synthetase (BsLysSN) coded by B. subtilis lysS gene, placed at the N-terminus followed by an endoprotease TEV cleavage site and then the expression of this fusion protein in the cytoplasm of B. subtilis was investigated. The SDS-PAGE and Western-blot analysis demonstrated that His-TEV was overexpressed under the induction of IPTG. This result infers that His-TEV protease showed promising activity in the B. subtilis cytoplasm by the cleavage of the fusion protein. These cleavage products could be purified using the Ni-NTA column, which effectively cleaved the purified recombinant protein substrate, which can be applied in the protein purification process to remove the fusion tag. Significantly, since both His-TEV protease and the fusion recombinant protein substrate are expressed in the endotoxin-free host strain, the tag removal and purified product should be theoretically endotoxin-free, which could be a promising approach for producing therapeutic proteins and also for other relevant biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuong Duong Le
- Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, VNUHCM-University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Trang Thi Phuong Phan
- Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, VNUHCM-University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, VNUHCM-University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Duc Nguyen
- Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, VNUHCM-University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, VNUHCM-University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Chen Y, Li M, Yan M, Chen Y, Saeed M, Ni Z, Fang Z, Chen H. Bacillus subtilis: current and future modification strategies as a protein secreting factory. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:195. [PMID: 38722426 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03997-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis is regarded as a promising microbial expression system in bioengineering due to its high stress resistance, nontoxic, low codon preference and grow fast. The strain has a relatively efficient expression system, as it has at least three protein secretion pathways and abundant molecular chaperones, which guarantee its expression ability and compatibility. Currently, many proteins are expressed in Bacillus subtilis, and their application prospects are broad. Although Bacillus subtilis has great advantages compared with other prokaryotes related to protein expression and secretion, it still faces deficiencies, such as low wild-type expression, low product activity, and easy gene loss, which limit its large-scale application. Over the years, many researchers have achieved abundant results in the modification of Bacillus subtilis expression systems, especially the optimization of promoters, expression vectors, signal peptides, transport pathways and molecular chaperones. An optimal vector with a suitable promoter strength and other regulatory elements could increase protein synthesis and secretion, increasing industrial profits. This review highlights the research status of optimization strategies related to the expression system of Bacillus subtilis. Moreover, research progress on its application as a food-grade expression system is also presented, along with some future modification and application directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhen Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingchen Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhong Ni
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huayou Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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Le NTP, Phan TTP, Truong TTT, Schumann W, Nguyen HD. N-terminal LysSN-His-tag improves the production of intracellular recombinant protein in Bacillus subtilis. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:823-832. [PMID: 37515537 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Choosing fusion tags to enhance the recombinant protein levels in the cytoplasm of Bacillus subtilis has been limited. Our previous study demonstrated that His-tag at the N-terminus could increase the expression levels of the low-expression gene egfp, while significantly reducing the high-expression genes gfp+ and bgaB in the cytoplasm of B. subtilis. In this study, we aimed to prove the potential of a fusion tag, the combination of the N-terminal domain of B. subtilis lysyl tRNA synthetase (LysSN) and His-tag with varying numbers of histidine (6xHis, 8xHis, 10xHis) by investigating their effects on the expression levels of egfp, gfp+ and bgaB in B. subtilis. For the low-expression gene, LysSN-xHis-tag could enhance the fluorescent intensity of EGFP 23.5 times higher than EGFP without a fusion tag, and 1.5 times higher than that fused with only His-tag. For high-expression genes, the expression level of BgaB and GFP+ was 2.9 and 12.5 times higher than that of His-tag, respectively. The number of histidines in LysSN-xHis-tag did not influence the expression levels of the high-expression genes but affected the expression levels of the low-expression gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngan Thi Phuong Le
- Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Trang Thi Phuong Phan
- Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tuom Thi Tinh Truong
- Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Wolfgang Schumann
- Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Duc Nguyen
- Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Yang H, Qu J, Zou W, Shen W, Chen X. An overview and future prospects of recombinant protein production in Bacillus subtilis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:6607-6626. [PMID: 34468804 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11533-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis is a well-characterized Gram-positive bacterium and a valuable host for recombinant protein production because of its efficient secretion ability, high yield, and non-toxicity. Here, we comprehensively review the recent studies on recombinant protein production in B. subtilis to update and supplement other previous reviews. We have focused on several aspects, including optimization of B. subtilis strains, enhancement and regulation of expression, improvement of secretion level, surface display of proteins, and fermentation optimization. Among them, optimization of B. subtilis strains mainly involves undirected chemical/physical mutagenesis and selection and genetic manipulation; enhancement and regulation of expression comprises autonomous plasmid and integrated expression, promoter regulation and engineering, and fine-tuning gene expression based on proteases and molecular chaperones; improvement of secretion level predominantly involves secretion pathway and signal peptide screening and optimization; surface display of proteins includes surface display of proteins on spores or vegetative cells; and fermentation optimization incorporates medium optimization, process condition optimization, and feeding strategy optimization. Furthermore, we propose some novel methods and future challenges for recombinant protein production in B. subtilis.Key points• A comprehensive review on recombinant protein production in Bacillus subtilis.• Novel techniques facilitate recombinant protein expression and secretion.• Surface display of proteins has significant potential for different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiquan Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Jinfeng Qu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Wei Zou
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin, 644000, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xianzhong Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Souza CCD, Guimarães JM, Pereira SDS, Mariúba LAM. The multifunctionality of expression systems in Bacillus subtilis: Emerging devices for the production of recombinant proteins. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:2443-2453. [PMID: 34424091 PMCID: PMC8649419 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211030189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis is a successful host for producing recombinant proteins. Its GRAS (generally recognized as safe) status and its remarkable innate ability to absorb and incorporate exogenous DNA into its genome make this organism an ideal platform for the heterologous expression of bioactive substances. The factors that corroborate its value can be attributed to the scientific knowledge obtained from decades of study regarding its biology that has fostered the development of several genetic engineering strategies, such as the use of different plasmids, engineering of constitutive or double promoters, chemical inducers, systems of self-inducing expression with or without a secretion system that uses a signal peptide, and so on. Tools that enrich the technological arsenal of this expression platform improve the efficiency and reduce the costs of production of proteins of biotechnological importance. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the major advances involving recombinant expression systems developed in B. subtilis, thus sustaining the generation of knowledge and its application in future research. It was verified that this bacterium is a model in constant demand and studies of the expression of recombinant proteins on a large scale are increasing in number. As such, it represents a powerful bacterial host for academic research and industrial purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Coutinho de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Manaus, AM 69067-005, Brazil
| | - Jander Matos Guimarães
- Centro Multiusuário de Análise de Fenômenos Biomédicos (CMABio) da Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, AM 69065-00, Brazil
| | - Soraya Dos Santos Pereira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) Unidade de Rondônia, Porto Velho-RO 76812-245, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia-PGBIOEXP/UNIR, Porto Velho-RO 76801-974, Brazil.,Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane (ILMD), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Manaus, AM 69057-070, Brazil
| | - Luis André Morais Mariúba
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Manaus, AM 69067-005, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, IOC, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.,Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane (ILMD), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Manaus, AM 69057-070, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM 69067-00, Brazil
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Integrative expression vectors with P grac promoters for inducer-free overproduction of recombinant proteins in Bacillus subtilis. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 28:e00540. [PMID: 33163371 PMCID: PMC7599426 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The new inducer-free integrative expression vectors could repress the reporter gene expression in the E. coli cloning strain, thereby facilitating the cloning step. The expression vectors carrying IPTG-inducible Pgrac promoters allow the production of the recombinant protein at high levels in B. subtilis in the absence of the inducer. The single-copy expression levels of integrative constructs, Pgrac01-bgaB, Pgrac100-bgaB, Pgrac212-bgaB could reach to % and 8%, 20.9 % and 42 % of total cellular proteins after 12 h incubation, respectively. The double integration of Pgrac212-bgaB into both amyE and lacA loci resulted in BgaB expression up to 53.4 %.
Inducer-free integrative vectors are often used to create B. subtilis strains for industrial purposes, but employing strong promoters to produce high levels of recombinant proteins in B. subtilis results in high leaky expression that can hamper cloning in Escherichia coli. To overcome the problem, we used strong IPTG-inducible Pgrac promoters harboring lac operators to construct inducer-free integrative vectors able to integrate into the B. subtilis genome at either the lacA or the amyE locus, or both and examined their ability to repress the β-galactosidase (bgaB) gene in E. coli and to overexpress BgaB in B. subtilis. The Pgrac01 vectors could repress bgaB expression about 24-fold in E. coli to low background levels. The integrated Pgrac01-bgaB constructs exhibited inducer-free expression and produced 8% of total cellular proteins, only 1.25 or 1.75 times less compared with their cognates as plasmids. The stronger promoters, Pgrac100-bgaB and Pgrac212-bgaB yielded 20.9 % and 42 % of total intracellular proteins after 12 h of incubation, respectively. Incorporation of the Pgrac212-bgaB into both amyE and lacA loci resulted in BgaB expression up to 53.4 %. In conclusion, integrative vectors containing the Pgrac promoter family have great potential for inducer-free overproduction of recombinant proteins in B. subtilis.
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