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Basrani ST, Kadam NS, Yadav DV, Patil SB, Mohan Karuppayil S, Jadhav AK. Antifungal Activity of Mefloquine Against Candida albicans Growth and Virulence Factors: Insights Into Mode of Action. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:213. [PMID: 38847863 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03739-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The antimalarial drug Mefloquine has demonstrated antifungal activity against growth and virulence factors of Candida albicans. The current study focused on the identification of Mefloquine's mode of action in C. albicans by performing cell susceptibility assay, biofilm assay, live and dead assay, propidium iodide uptake assay, ergosterol quantification assay, cell cycle study, and gene expression studies by RT-PCR. Mefloquine inhibited the virulence factors in C. albicans, such as germ tube formation and biofilm formation at 0.125 and 1 mg/ml, respectively. Mefloquine-treated cells showed a decrease in the quantity of ergosterol content of cell membrane in a concentration-dependent manner. Mefloquine (0.25 mg/ml) arrested C. albicans cells at the G2/M phase and S phase of the cell cycle thereby preventing the progression of the normal yeast cell cycle. ROS level was measured to find out oxidative stress in C. albicans in the presence of mefloquine. The study revealed that, mefloquine was found to enhance the ROS level and subsequently oxidative stress. Gene expression studies revealed that mefloquine treatment upregulates the expressions of SOD1, SOD2, and CAT1 genes in C. albicans. In vivo, the antifungal efficacy of mefloquine was confirmed in mice for systemic candidiasis and it was found that there was a decrease in the pathogenesis of C. albicans after the treatment of mefloquine in mice. In conclusion, mefloquine can be used as a repurposed drug as an alternative drug against Candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sargun T Basrani
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine & Medical Biotechnology, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, DY Patil Education Society (Deemed to Be University), Kasaba Bawada, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, 416006, India
| | - Nandakumar S Kadam
- iSERA Biological Pvt Ltd. MIDC Shirala, Sangli, Maharashtra, 415408, India
| | | | - Shivani B Patil
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine & Medical Biotechnology, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, DY Patil Education Society (Deemed to Be University), Kasaba Bawada, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, 416006, India
| | - S Mohan Karuppayil
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine & Medical Biotechnology, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, DY Patil Education Society (Deemed to Be University), Kasaba Bawada, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, 416006, India.
| | - Ashwini K Jadhav
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine & Medical Biotechnology, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, DY Patil Education Society (Deemed to Be University), Kasaba Bawada, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, 416006, India.
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Patil SB, Basrani ST, Chougule SA, Gavandi TC, Karuppayil SM, Jadhav AK. Butyl isothiocyanate exhibits antifungal and anti-biofilm activity against Candida albicans by targeting cell membrane integrity, cell cycle progression and oxidative stress. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:251. [PMID: 38727840 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03983-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of Candida albicans infection has increased during the past few years, which contributes to the need for new, effective treatments due to the increasing concerns regarding antifungal drug toxicity and multidrug resistance. Butyl isothiocyanate (butylITC) is a glucosinolate derivative, and has shown a significant antifungal effect contrary to Candida albicans. Additionally, how butylITC affects the virulence traits of C. albicans and molecular mode of actions are not well known. Present study shows that at 17.36 mM concentration butylITC inhibit planktonic growth. butylITC initially slowed the hyphal transition at 0.542 mM concentration. butylITC hampered biofilm development, and inhibits biofilm formation at 17.36 mM concentration which was analysed using metabolic assay (XTT assay) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In addition, it was noted that butylITC inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis. The permeability of cell membranes was enhanced by butylITC treatment. Moreover, butylITC arrests cells at S-phase and induces intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) accumulation in C. albicans. The results suggest that butylITC may have a dual mode of action, inhibit virulence factors and modulate cellular processes like inhibit ergosterol biosynthesis, cell cycle arrest, induces ROS production which leads to cell death in C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Balasaheb Patil
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Biotechnology Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, D. Y. Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, 416003, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sargun Tushar Basrani
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Biotechnology Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, D. Y. Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, 416003, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sayali Ashok Chougule
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Biotechnology Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, D. Y. Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, 416003, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tanjila Chandsaheb Gavandi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Biotechnology Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, D. Y. Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, 416003, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sankunny Mohan Karuppayil
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Biotechnology Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, D. Y. Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, 416003, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Ashwini Khanderao Jadhav
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Biotechnology Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, D. Y. Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, 416003, Maharashtra, India.
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Hamdy R, Hamoda AM, Al-Khalifa M, Menon V, El-Awady R, Soliman SSM. Efficient selective targeting of Candida CYP51 by oxadiazole derivatives designed from plant cuminaldehyde. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:1322-1340. [PMID: 36439981 PMCID: PMC9667785 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00196a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida infection represents a global threat with associated high resistance and mortality rate. Azoles such as the triazole drug fluconazole are the frontline therapy against invasive fungal infections; however, the emerging multidrug-resistant strains limit their use. Therefore, a series of novel azole UOSO1-15 derivatives were developed based on a modified natural scaffold to combat the evolved resistance mechanism and to provide improved safety and target selectivity. The antifungal screening against C. albicans and C. auris showed that UOSO10 and 12-14 compounds were the most potent derivatives. Among them, UOSO13 exhibited superior potent activity with MIC50 values of 0.5 and 0.8 μg mL-1 against C. albicans and C. auris compared to 25 and 600 μg mL-1 for fluconazole, respectively. UOSO13 displayed significant CaCYP51 enzyme inhibition activity in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 10-fold that of fluconazole, while exhibiting no activity against human CYP50 enzyme or toxicity to human cells. Furthermore, UOSO13 caused a significant reduction of Candida ergosterol content by 70.3% compared to a 35.6% reduction by fluconazole. Homology modeling, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations of C. auris CYP51 enzyme indicated the stability and superiority of UOSO13. ADME prediction indicated that UOSO13 fulfils the drug-likeness criteria with good physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Hamdy
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah P.O. Box 27272 Sharjah United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt
| | - Alshaimaa M Hamoda
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah P.O. Box 27272 Sharjah United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah P.O. Box 27272 Sharjah United Arab Emirate
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University Assiut-71526 Egypt
| | - Mariam Al-Khalifa
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah P.O. Box 27272 Sharjah United Arab Emirates
| | - Varsha Menon
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah P.O. Box 27272 Sharjah United Arab Emirates
| | - Raafat El-Awady
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah P.O. Box 27272 Sharjah United Arab Emirates
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah P.O. Box 27272 Sharjah United Arab Emirates +97165057472
| | - Sameh S M Soliman
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah P.O. Box 27272 Sharjah United Arab Emirates
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah P.O. Box 27272 Sharjah United Arab Emirates +97165057472
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Jin M, He J, Li J, Hu Y, Sun D, Gu H. Edwardsiella piscicida YccA: A novel virulence factor essential to membrane integrity, mobility, host infection, and host immune response. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 126:318-326. [PMID: 35654386 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
YccA is a hydrophobic protein with seven transmembrane domains. The function of YccA is largely unknown in pathogenic bacteria. Edwardsiella piscicide (formerly known as E. tarda) is an aquatic pathogen that can infect various economically important fish, including flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). In this study, we investigated the role of YccA in E. piscicida by the construction of a mar kerless yccA in-frame mutant strain, TX01ΔyccA. We found that (i) in comparison to the wild type TX01, TX01ΔyccA exhibited markedly compromised tolerance to high temperature and tobramycin; (ii) deletion of yccA significantly impaired the integrity of the cell membrane and retarded bacterial biofilm formation and mobility; (iii) deficiency of yccA reduced bacterial adhesion and invasion of fish cells and immune tissues, while the introduction of a trans-expressed yccA gene restored the lost virulence of TX01ΔyccA; and (iv) host immune responses induced by TX01 and TX01ΔyccA were different in terms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and expression levels of cytokines. Taken together, the results of our study indicate that YccA is a novel virulence factor of E. piscicida, and YccA is essential for bacterial pathogenicity through evasion of the host's innate immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Jin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China; Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Jiaojiao He
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, China; School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Science and Medicine, Lake Superior State University, Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, 49783, USA
| | - Yonghua Hu
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Dongmei Sun
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China.
| | - Hanjie Gu
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Haikou, 571101, China.
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Preparation of antibacterial Zn and Ni substituted cobalt ferrite nanoparticles for efficient biofilm eradication. Anal Biochem 2022; 653:114787. [PMID: 35709929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) and, alternatively, nickel (Ni) substituted cobalt ferrite (CF) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the formation of cubic structure of cobalt ferrite. FTIR analysis confirmed the vibrational band located at 550-580 cm-1 that belongs to the M - O bond (M = Ni, and Zn). The alteration of the surface morphology of CF after the addition of Zn and Ni ions was observed from scanning electron microscopic images. The additional peaks in the energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX) analysis spectra were found to correspond to Zn and Ni. The presence of Zn and, alternatively, Ni ions enhanced the biocidal properties of CF NPs against gram negative organisms, in a concentration and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, exposure to CF, CF-Zn and CF-Ni NPs decreased metabolic activity due to the damage of extra polymorphic substances, live/dead cell variation, architecture and surface integrity of the cells. Altogether, the present investigation provides the basis of metal ion substituted metal oxide NPs as anti-biofilm agents against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
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