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Cheng X, Ma L, Wang Y, Sun W, Su J. Prevalence and molecular characteristics of heterogeneous vancomycin intermediate Staphylococcus aureus in a tertiary care center of northern China. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 108:116180. [PMID: 38183897 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The use of glycopeptide medications may decline in line with the annual decline in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) detection rates in China. The rate of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA)detection may be impacted by this. However, there is currently a dearth of information on the incidence of hVISA in China. This study aims to analyze the recent epidemiology and molecular characteristics of hVISA strains in Beijing, China. A total of 175 non-duplicate MRSA strains from various infection sites were collected from a medical center between January 2018 and May 2023 and underwent molecular typing and susceptibility testing (Vitek2). Vancomycin and teicoplanin MICs were also evaluated by standard broth microdilution method and agar dilution method, respectively. Isolates growing on screening agar (BHIV4 and BHIT5, brain heart infusion agar containing 4 μg/ml vancomycin and 5 μg/ml teicoplanin, respectively) were characterized further by analysis of macro-Etest (MET) and population analysis profiling with area under the curve (PAP-AUC). The proportion of hVISA among MRSA isolates was 8.6 %. BHIT5 could select all hVISA strains while BHIV4 and MET only selected two hVISA strains. Compared with vancomycin- susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (VSSA), hVISA isolates were less susceptible to erythromycin and clindamycin. In addition, hVISA frequency was MIC-independent despite using different detection methods. In total, 11 types of STs, 28 types of spa typing, four types of SCCmec typing, and two types of agr typing were identified and the predominant type in both MRSA and hVISA isolates was ST239-t030-SCCmecIII-agr I. The analysis of biofilm formation, growth, and virulence genes in hVISA strains revealed sparse information. The dataset presented in this study provided the prevalence and molecular characteristics of hVISA in hospital settings and the combination of BHIT5 and PAP-AUC may identify hVISA efficiently. The result of genotyping suggested the genotype of hVISA was mainly consistent with that of local MRSA. Additional studies on the characteristics of hVISA strains were necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cheng
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Liyan Ma
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jianrong Su
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
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Oliveira MX, Canafístula FVC, Ferreira CRN, Fernandes LVO, de Araújo AR, Ribeiro FOS, Souza JMT, Lima IC, Assreuy AMS, Silva DA, Filho JDBM, Araújo AJ, Maciel JS, Feitosa JPA. Hydrogels dressings based on guar gum and chitosan: Inherent action against resistant bacteria and fast wound closure. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127281. [PMID: 37806422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels made with depolymerized guar gum, oxidized with theoretical oxidation degrees of 20, 35 and 50 %, were obtained via Schiff's base reaction with N-succinyl chitosan. The materials obtained were subjected to characterization by FT-IR, rheology, swelling, degradation, and morphology. Additionally, their gelation time categorized all three hydrogels as injectable. The materials' swelling degrees in Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS) were in the range of 26-35 g of fluid/g gel and their pore size distribution was heterogeneous, with pores varying from 67 to 93 μm. All hydrogels degraded in PBS solution, but maintained around 40 % of their initial mass after 28 days, which was more than enough time for wound healing. The biomaterials were also flexible, self-repairing, adhesive and cytocompatible and presented intrinsic actions, regardless of the presence of additives or antibiotics, against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). However, the most pronounced bactericidal effect was against resistant Staphylococcus aureus - MRSA. In vivo assays, performed with 50 % oxidized gum gel, demonstrated that this material exerted anti-inflammatory effects, accelerating the healing process and restoring tissues by approximately 99 % within 14 days. In conclusion, these hydrogels have unique characteristics, making them excellent candidates for wound-healing dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus X Oliveira
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Polymer Laboratory, Federal University of Ceará, UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Rhamon N Ferreira
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Polymer Laboratory, Federal University of Ceará, UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ludmila Virna O Fernandes
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Polymer Laboratory, Federal University of Ceará, UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Alyne R de Araújo
- Research Center on Biodiversity and Biotechnology, BIOTEC, Parnaiba Delta Federal University, UFDPar, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Fábio Oliveira S Ribeiro
- Research Center on Biodiversity and Biotechnology, BIOTEC, Parnaiba Delta Federal University, UFDPar, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Jessica Maria T Souza
- Cell Culture Laboratory of the Delta, LCCDelta, Parnaiba Delta Federal University, UFDPar, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Iásly C Lima
- Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria S Assreuy
- Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Durcilene A Silva
- Research Center on Biodiversity and Biotechnology, BIOTEC, Parnaiba Delta Federal University, UFDPar, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - José Delano Barreto M Filho
- Cell Culture Laboratory of the Delta, LCCDelta, Parnaiba Delta Federal University, UFDPar, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Ana Jérsia Araújo
- Cell Culture Laboratory of the Delta, LCCDelta, Parnaiba Delta Federal University, UFDPar, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Jeanny S Maciel
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Polymer Laboratory, Federal University of Ceará, UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Judith Pessoa A Feitosa
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Polymer Laboratory, Federal University of Ceará, UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Gehrke AKE, Giai C, Gómez MI. Staphylococcus aureus Adaptation to the Skin in Health and Persistent/Recurrent Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1520. [PMID: 37887220 PMCID: PMC10604630 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a microorganism with an incredible capability to adapt to different niches within the human body. Approximately between 20 and 30% of the population is permanently but asymptomatically colonized with S. aureus in the nose, and another 30% may carry S. aureus intermittently. It has been established that nasal colonization is a risk factor for infection in other body sites, including mild to severe skin and soft tissue infections. The skin has distinct features that make it a hostile niche for many bacteria, therefore acting as a strong barrier against invading microorganisms. Healthy skin is desiccated; it has a low pH at the surface; the upper layer is constantly shed to remove attached bacteria; and several host antimicrobial peptides are produced. However, S. aureus is able to overcome these defenses and colonize this microenvironment. Moreover, this bacterium can very efficiently adapt to the stressors present in the skin under pathological conditions, as it occurs in patients with atopic dermatitis or suffering chronic wounds associated with diabetes. The focus of this manuscript is to revise the current knowledge concerning how S. aureus adapts to such diverse skin conditions causing persistent and recurrent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Katharina E. Gehrke
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo (CEBBAD), Departamento de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Biotecnológicas, Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires C1405BCK, Argentina;
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - Constanza Giai
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo—(UNCuyo) CONICET, Mendoza M5502JMA, Argentina;
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza M5502JMA, Argentina
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, Mendoza C1006ACC, Argentina
| | - Marisa I. Gómez
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo (CEBBAD), Departamento de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Biotecnológicas, Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires C1405BCK, Argentina;
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121A6B, Argentina
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