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Haridass R, Sabu A, Augustin N, Annamalai PK, Brahmadesam Thoopul Srinivasa Raghava R. Effect of Polyvinylpyrrolidone on the Structure Development, Electrical, Thermal, and Wetting Properties of Polyvinylidene Fluoride-Expanded Graphite Nanocomposites. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:178-195. [PMID: 38222624 PMCID: PMC10785274 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-expanded graphite (ExGr) nanocomposites have been prepared by solution blending and melt processing methods. In the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), enhanced dispersion of graphite nanosheets (GNSs) in the PVDF matrix, as suggested by field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis, results in very low electrical percolation threshold (0.3 wt % ExGr). X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses confirm the coexistence of electroactive gamma and nonpolar alpha phases. Wrapping of PVP chains around GNSs reduces the crystallinity in PVDF-ExGr nanocomposites in comparison to that in neat PVDF films, as evidenced by DSC analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis confirms enhanced thermal stability of PVDF-ExGr nanocomposites above 500 °C mainly attributed to the PVP-assisted dispersion of GNSs. The water contact angle of solution-blended PVDF-ExGr nanocomposite films increases with and without PVP in comparison to that of the neat PVDF film. Compression-molded PVDF-ExGr nanocomposites also exhibit electroactive gamma and nonpolar alpha phases of PVDF with reduction in electrical conductivity compared to solvent-cast films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Haridass
- Department
of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
| | - Aleena Sabu
- Department
of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
| | - Nikhitha Augustin
- Department
of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
| | - Pratheep Kumar Annamalai
- Centre
for Future Materials, University of Southern
Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia
- School
of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350 QLD, Australia
| | - Ramanujam Brahmadesam Thoopul Srinivasa Raghava
- Department
of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
- Functional
Materials Laboratory, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
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Durable PP/EPDM/GF/SiO 2 nanocomposites with improved strength and toughness for orthotic applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 138:105582. [PMID: 36459704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ankle-foot orthotics need ideal specification of being light-weight, high strength, tough, stiff, and durable. Reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites with enhanced mechanical properties are the most favorable materials being used in this field, but still, it is challenging to achieve balanced blend of strength and toughness in the composites. The present study thus aims to achieve the challenging task of simultaneous improvement in stiffness and toughness in reinforced PP composites exploring the synergistic reinforcement effect of glass fibers (GFs) and nano silica (SiO2) as multiscale fillers and ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) as impact modifier. EPDM is used as toughness modifier, addressing the brittle behavior, but at the cost of the strength of the polymer. Combined use of micro and nanofillers as reinforcement in toughened polypropylene provides a potential approach to balance the strength while maintaining the toughness. GFs could offer high strength and nanofillers offer ductile fracture to the material. PP, PP/GF, PP/EPDM/GF composites and PP/EPDM/GF/SiO2 nanocomposites are fabricated through melt blending technique and are characterized through SEM, mechanical evaluation, nanoindentation and dynamic mechanical analysis. Mechanical properties are evaluated in accordance with ASTM standards. PP/EPDM/GF/SiO2 nanocomposites exhibits remarkable enhancement in Tensile strength, tensile modulus, impact strength and percent elongation at break by 49 MPa (55% increase over PP), 2450 MPa (145% increase), 145 J/m (13% increase) and 156% (160% increase) respectively. The exceptional improvement in reduced modulus and hardness reveals good interfacial properties. Loss factor decrement reveals elastic behavior of nanocomposites suitable for thermoforming of nanocomposites for orthotic device fabrication.
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Mechanical, viscoelastic and sorption behaviour of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene composites with 0D and 1D nanofillers. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03896-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Triaki M, Benmounah A, Zenati A. Investigation on improving properties of polypropylene-based nanocomposites by employing Algerian nanoclay. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Experimental, analytical and finite element studies on nano(MWCNT) and hybrid (MWCNT/glass fiber) filler reinforced polypropylene composites. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-020-00862-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Junaedi H, Baig M, Dawood A, Albahkali E, Almajid A. Mechanical and Physical Properties of Short Carbon Fiber and Nanofiller-Reinforced Polypropylene Hybrid Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12122851. [PMID: 33260431 PMCID: PMC7761221 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of various combinations of filler materials on the performance of polypropylene (PP)-based composites was investigated. PP in particulate form was used as the matrix. Milled short carbon fiber (SCF) micro-size, graphite nano-platelet (GNP), and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2) were used as fillers. These fillers were incorporated in the polymer matrix to produce mono-filler (PP/SCF and PP/nanofiller) and hybrid composites. Hybrid composites consist of PP/10SCF/GNP, PP/10SCF/nTiO2, and PP/10SCF/GNP/nTiO2. The effect of the addition of SCF, GNP, and nTiO2 on PP-based composites was investigated by analyzing their morphological, mechanical, and physical properties. The addition of mono-filler to the PP matrix improved the mechanical properties of the composites when compared to the neat PP. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS), flexural modulus, flexural strength, and impact toughness of the hybrid composites with 15 wt % total loading of fillers, were higher than that of mono-filler composites with 15 wt % SCF (PP/15SCF). A maximum increase of 20% in the flexural modulus was observed in the hybrid composite with 10 wt % of SCF with the additional of 2.5 wt % GNP and 2.5 wt % nTiO2 when compared to PP/15SCF composite. The addition of 2.5 wt % nTiO2 to the 10 wt % SCF reinforced PP, resulted in increasing the strain at break by 15% when compared to the PP/10SCF composite. A scanning electron microscope image of the PP/10SCF composite with the addition of GNP improved the interfacial bonding between PP and SCF compared with PP/SCF alone. A decrease in the melt flow index (MFI) was observed for all compositions. However, hybrid composites showed a higher decrease in MFI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harri Junaedi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Po BOX 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Muneer Baig
- Department of Engineering Management, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Po BOX 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulsattar Dawood
- Saudi Arabian Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC), Po BOX 5101, Riyadh 11422, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Essam Albahkali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Po BOX 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Abdulhakim Almajid
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Po BOX 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.); (A.A.)
- Department of Engineering Management, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Po BOX 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia;
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Synergy of fiber content, Al2O3 nanopowder, NaOH treatment and compression pressure on free vibration and damping behavior of natural hybrid-based epoxy composites. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02823-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Park JW, Shin JH, Shim GS, Sim KB, Jang SW, Kim HJ. Mechanical Strength Enhancement of Polylactic Acid Hybrid Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E349. [PMID: 30960333 PMCID: PMC6419191 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increasing need for materials that are environmentally friendly and have functional properties. Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biomass-based polymer, which has attracted research attention as an eco-friendly material. Various studies have been conducted on functionality imparting and performance improvement to extend the field of application of PLA. Particularly, research on natural fiber-reinforced composites have been conducted to simultaneously improve their environmental friendliness and mechanical strength. Research interest in hybrid composites using two or more fillers to realize multiple functions are also increasing. Phase change materials (PCMs) absorb and emit energy through phase transition and can be used as a micro encapsulated structure. In this study, we fabricated hybrid composites using microcapsulated PCM (MPCM) and the natural fibrous filler, kenaf. We aimed to fabricate a composite material with improved endothermic characteristics, mechanical performance, and environmental friendliness. We analyzed the endothermic properties of MPCM and the structural characteristics of two fillers and finally produced an eco-friendly composite material. The PCM and kenaf contents were varied to observe changes in the performance of the hybrid composites. The endothermic properties were determined through differential scanning calorimetry, whereas changes in the physical properties of the hybrid composite were determined by measuring the mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Park
- Lab of Adhesion and Bio-Composite, Program in Environmental Materials Science, Department of Forest Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Jae-Ho Shin
- Lab of Adhesion and Bio-Composite, Program in Environmental Materials Science, Department of Forest Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Gyu-Seong Shim
- Lab of Adhesion and Bio-Composite, Program in Environmental Materials Science, Department of Forest Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Kyeng-Bo Sim
- Lab of Adhesion and Bio-Composite, Program in Environmental Materials Science, Department of Forest Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Seong-Wook Jang
- Lab of Adhesion and Bio-Composite, Program in Environmental Materials Science, Department of Forest Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Joong Kim
- Lab of Adhesion and Bio-Composite, Program in Environmental Materials Science, Department of Forest Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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Rasana N, Jayanarayanan K, Pegoretti A. Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of polypropylene/short glass fibre/multiwalled carbon nanotube composites. RSC Adv 2018; 8:39127-39139. [PMID: 35558327 PMCID: PMC9090750 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07243d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of polypropylene (PP) reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and short glass fibres (GF) was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The glass fibre concentration was maintained at 20 wt% and the MWCNT content ranged from 1 to 5 wt% in the PP matrix. The crystallization studies performed by DSC showed an increase in crystallization rate and a decrease in half time of crystallization of PP in the presence of micro and nano fillers. The Avrami, Ozawa, and Mo models were applied to analyze the non-isothermal crystallization behavior of PP multiscale composites. The Avrami model could very well describe the crystallization behavior of PP to 70% of the completion of crystallization. Beyond that level, it deviated significantly for all composites. On the other hand, the kinetics of crystallization could be well described by the Mo model. The strongest nucleating effect and the lowest activation energy were obtained for the composite with 2 wt% MWCNT and 20 wt% glass fibre. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed a significant reduction in the average crystal size in accordance with the amount of MWCNTs added. Application of Avrami, Mo, Ozawa models for non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of multiscale filler reinforced PP composites.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanoth Rasana
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Coimbatore India
| | - Karingamanna Jayanarayanan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Coimbatore India.,Centre of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Green Technologies (CoE-AMGT), Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Coimbatore India +91-422-2686274 +91-422-2685000
| | - Alessandro Pegoretti
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento Via Sommarive 9 38123 Trento Italy
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