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Kasprzak C, Brown JR, Feller K, Scott PJ, Meenakshisundaram V, Williams C, Long T. Vat Photopolymerization of Reinforced Styrene-Butadiene Elastomers: A Degradable Scaffold Approach. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:18965-18973. [PMID: 35421307 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vat photopolymerization (VP) is a high-throughput additive manufacturing modality that also offers exceptional feature resolution and surface finish; however, the process is constrained by a limited selection of processable photocurable resins. Low resin viscosity (<10 Pa·s) is one of the most stringent process-induced constraints on resin processability, which in turn limits the mechanical performance of printed resin systems. Recently, the authors created a VP-processable photosensitive latex resin, where compartmentalization of the high molecular weight polymer chains into discrete particles resulted in the decoupling of viscosity from molecular weight. However, the monomers used to form the hydrogel green body resulted in decreased ultimate material properties due to the high cross-link density. Herein, we report a novel scaffold that allows for facile UV-based AM and simultaneously enhances the final part's material properties. This is achieved with a chemically labile acetal-containing cross-linker in conjunction with N-vinylpyrrolidone, which forms a glassy polymer after photocuring. Subsequent reactive extraction cleaves the cross-links and liberates the glassy polymer, which provides mechanical reinforcement of the geometrically complex VP-printed elastomer. With only a 0.1 wt % loading of photoinitiator, G'/G'' crossover times of less than 1 s and green body plateau moduli nearing 105 Pa are obtained. In addition, removal of the hydrophilic and thermally labile scaffold results in decreased water uptake and increased thermal stability of the final printed part. Ultimate strain and stress values of over 650% and 8.5 MPa, respectively, are achieved, setting a new benchmark for styrene-butadiene VP elastomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Kasprzak
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - James R Brown
- School of Molecular Sciences, Biodesign Center for Sustainable Macromolecular Materials and Manufacturing, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Keyton Feller
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Philip J Scott
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Viswanath Meenakshisundaram
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Chris Williams
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Timothy Long
- School of Molecular Sciences, Biodesign Center for Sustainable Macromolecular Materials and Manufacturing, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
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Suraj Belgaonkar M, Kandasubramanian B. Hyperbranched Polymer-based Nanocomposites: Synthesis, Progress, and Applications. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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