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Chen Q, Liao J, Zeng S, Zhou L. Facile Fabrication of Porous Adsorbent with Multiple Amine Groups for Efficient and Selective Removal of Amaranth and Tartrazine Dyes from Water. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2391. [PMID: 38793458 PMCID: PMC11122749 DOI: 10.3390/ma17102391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The development of an advanced dye adsorbent that possesses a range of beneficial characteristics, such as high adsorption capacity, swift adsorption kinetics, selective adsorption capability, and robust reusability, remains a challenge. This study introduces a facile method for fabricating an amine-rich porous adsorbent (ARPA), which is specifically engineered for the adsorptive removal of anionic dyes from aqueous solutions. Through a comprehensive assessment, we have evaluated the adsorption performance of ARPA using two benchmark dyes: amaranth (ART) and tartrazine (TTZ). Our findings indicate that the adsorption process reaches equilibrium in a remarkably short timeframe of just 20 min, and it exhibits an excellent correlation with both the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Furthermore, ARPA has demonstrated an exceptional maximum adsorption capacity, with values of 675.68 mg g-1 for ART and 534.76 mg g-1 for TTZ. In addition to its high adsorption capacity, ARPA has also shown remarkable selectivity, as evidenced by its ability to selectively adsorb TTZ from a mixed dye solution, a feature that is highly desirable for practical applications. Beyond its impressive adsorption capabilities, ARPA can be efficiently regenerated and recycled. It maintains a high level of original removal efficiency for both ART (76.8%) and TTZ (78.9%) even after five consecutive cycles of adsorption and desorption. Considering the simplicity of its synthesis and its outstanding adsorption performance, ARPA emerges as a highly promising material for use in dye removal applications. Consequently, this paper presents a straightforward and feasible method for the production of an effective dye adsorbent for environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingli Chen
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomedical Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jie Liao
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomedical Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Sihua Zeng
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomedical Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Calcium Carbonate Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomedical Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
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Tang Z, Lin X, Yu M, Mondal AK, Wu H. Recent advances in TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers: Oxidation mechanism, characterization, properties and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129081. [PMID: 38161007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Cellulose is the richest renewable polymer source on the earth. TEMPO-mediated oxidized cellulose nanofibers are deduced from enormously available wood biomass and functionalized with carboxyl groups. The preparation procedure of TOCNFs is more environmentally friendly compared to other cellulose, for example, MFC and CNCs. Due to the presence of functional carboxyl groups, TOCNF-based materials have been studied widely in different fields, including biomedicine, wastewater treatment, bioelectronics and others. In this review, the TEMPO oxidation mechanism, the properties and applications of TOCNFs are elaborated. Most importantly, the recent advanced applications and the beneficial role of TOCNFs in the various abovementioned fields are discussed. Furthermore, the performances and research progress on the fabrication of TOCNFs are summarized. It is expected that this timely review will help further research on the invention of novel material from TOCNFs and its applications in different advanced fields, including biomedicine, bioelectronics, wastewater treatment, and the energy sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuwu Tang
- School of Materials and Packaging Engineering, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350300, PR China
| | - Xinxing Lin
- School of Materials and Packaging Engineering, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350300, PR China
| | - Meiqiong Yu
- School of Materials and Packaging Engineering, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350300, PR China; College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China; National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China
| | - Ajoy Kanti Mondal
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh.
| | - Hui Wu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China; National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China.
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Liu L, Fisher KD, Friest MA, Gerard G. Characterization and Antifungal Activity of Lemongrass Essential Oil-Loaded Nanoemulsion Stabilized by Carboxylated Cellulose Nanofibrils and Surfactant. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3946. [PMID: 37835998 PMCID: PMC10575251 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanocellulose is an emerging green, biodegradable and biocompatible nanomaterial with negligible toxicities. In this study, a carboxylated nanocellulose (i.e., 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized cellulose nanofibril (TEMPO-CNF)) was prepared from corn stover and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)/thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Corn stover-derived TEMPO-CNF was explored as an emulsion co-stabilizer together with Tween 80 for lemongrass essential oil-loaded emulsions. Droplet size, phase behavior and thermodynamic stability of oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by Tween 80 and TEMPO-CNF were investigated. The optimal nanoemulsion stabilized by this binary stabilizer could achieve a mean particle size of 19 nm, and it did not form any phase separation against centrifugal forces, freeze-thaw cycles and at least 30 days of room temperature storage. The nanoencapsulated essential oil had better inhibition activity against the mycelial growth of Aspergillus flavus than pure essential oil. Results from this study demonstrate the potential of using agricultural byproduct-derived nanomaterial as nanoemulsion stabilizers for essential oils with good emulsion thermodynamic stability as well as enhanced antifungal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Liu
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Kaleb D. Fisher
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Mason A. Friest
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA;
| | - Gina Gerard
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA
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Bui DXM, Nguyen UTP, Nguyen TTT, Nguyen DTD, Nguyen DTC, Tran TV. Biosynthesis of green CuO@C nanocomposite using Combretum indicum flower extract for organic dye removal: adsorption performance, modeling, and recyclability studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-29707-y. [PMID: 37740802 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29707-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Water contamination becomes one of the most high-priority environmental concerns, calling for the efficient treatment techniques. Bionanocomposites can be robust adsorbents, but the synthesis requires toxic chemicals or energy consuming and cause the secondary pollution. Green nanocomposites can be biogenically synthesized using the plant extract to end up with a critically safe strategy. Herein, we used the flower extract of Combretum indicum plant as a bio-based reductant and carbonaceous source for the green CuO@C nanocomposite. This green nanoadsorbent obtained a specific surface area of 17.33 m2/g, good crystallinity, and functional group-containing surface, i.e., -OH and -CONH-. We also conducted the optimization of parameters, i.e., concentration, CuO@C dose, pH, time, and temperature, and reached removal efficiencies towards malachite green (MG, 83.23%), Congo red (CR, 84.60%), brilliant blue (BB, 71.39%), and methylene blue (MB, 23.67%). The maximum adsorption capacities were found as ordered, MG (46.387 mg/g) > MB (23.154 mg/g) > BB (22.8 mg/g) > CR dye (11.063 mg/g). Through the intra-particle diffusion kinetic model, MG and BB adsorption endured a three-step process, while CR and MB adsorption was a two-step process. The recyclability of the green CuO@C nanocomposite was three cycles with 67.54% for the final cycle of BB removal. Moreover, the nanoadsorbent displayed a high stability, checked by X-ray diffraction, FT-IR analysis, EDX spectra, and SEM images. It is recommended that the green CuO@C nanocomposite biosynthesized using the Combretum indicum flower extract can be a good alternative for the dye treatment from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duyen Xuan My Bui
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Vietnam
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000, Vietnam
| | - Uyen Thi Phuong Nguyen
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Vietnam
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Processing, Nong Lam University, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Thi Thanh Nguyen
- Faculty of Science, Nong Lam University, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Dinh Tien Dung Nguyen
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000, Vietnam
| | - Duyen Thi Cam Nguyen
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Vietnam
| | - Thuan Van Tran
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Vietnam.
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Duceac IA, Tanasa F, Coseri S. Selective Oxidation of Cellulose-A Multitask Platform with Significant Environmental Impact. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5076. [PMID: 35888547 PMCID: PMC9324530 DOI: 10.3390/ma15145076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Raw cellulose, or even agro-industrial waste, have been extensively used for environmental applications, namely industrial water decontamination, due to their effectiveness, availability, and low production cost. This was a response to the increasing societal demand for fresh water, which made the purification of wastewater one of the major research issue for both academic and industrial R&D communities. Cellulose has undergone various derivatization reactions in order to change the cellulose surface charge density, a prerequisite condition to delaminate fibers down to nanometric fibrils through a low-energy process, and to obtain products with various structures and properties able to undergo further processing. Selective oxidation of cellulose, one of the most important methods of chemical modification, turned out to be a multitask platform to obtain new high-performance, versatile, cellulose-based materials, with many other applications aside from the environmental ones: in biomedical engineering and healthcare, energy storage, barrier and sensing applications, food packaging, etc. Various methods of selective oxidation have been studied, but among these, (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl) (TEMPO)-mediated and periodate oxidation reactions have attracted more interest due to their enhanced regioselectivity, high yield and degree of substitution, mild conditions, and the possibility to further process the selectively oxidized cellulose into new materials with more complex formulations. This study systematically presents the main methods commonly used for the selective oxidation of cellulose and provides a survey of the most recent reports on the environmental applications of oxidized cellulose, such as the removal of heavy metals, dyes, and other organic pollutants from the wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fulga Tanasa
- Department of Polyaddition and Photochemistry, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (I.A.D.); (S.C.)
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Iqbal D, Zhao Y, Zhao R, Russell SJ, Ning X. A Review on Nanocellulose and Superhydrophobic Features for Advanced Water Treatment. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:2343. [PMID: 35745924 PMCID: PMC9229312 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, developing countries require access to safe drinking water to support human health and facilitate long-term sustainable development, in which waste management and control are critical tasks. As the most plentiful, renewable biopolymer on earth, cellulose has significant utility in the delivery of potable water for human consumption. Herein, recent developments in the application of nanoscale cellulose and cellulose derivatives for water treatment are reviewed, with reference to the properties and structure of the material. The potential application of nanocellulose as a primary component for water treatment is linked to its high aspect ratio, high surface area, and the high number of hydroxyl groups available for molecular interaction with heavy metals, dyes, oil-water separation, and other chemical impurities. The ability of superhydrophobic nanocellulose-based textiles as functional fabrics is particularly acknowledged as designed structures for advanced water treatment systems. This review covers the adsorption of heavy metals and chemical impurities like dyes, oil-water separation, as well as nanocellulose and nanostructured derivative membranes, and superhydrophobic coatings, suitable for adsorbing chemical and biological pollutants, including microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danish Iqbal
- Shandong Center for Engineered Nonwovens, Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens & Technical Textiles, College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (D.I.); (Y.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Yintao Zhao
- Shandong Center for Engineered Nonwovens, Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens & Technical Textiles, College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (D.I.); (Y.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Renhai Zhao
- Shandong Center for Engineered Nonwovens, Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens & Technical Textiles, College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (D.I.); (Y.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Stephen J. Russell
- Leeds Institute of Textiles and Colour (LITAC), School of Design, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Xin Ning
- Shandong Center for Engineered Nonwovens, Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens & Technical Textiles, College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (D.I.); (Y.Z.); (R.Z.)
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Ranjbar-Mohammadi M, Yousefi E. Fabrication of a dye removal system through electrospun of TiO2/Nylon-6 nanocomposite on three-dimensional spacer fabrics. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03645-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Chinthalapudi N, Kommaraju VVD, Kannan MK, Nalluri CB, Varanasi S. Composites of cellulose nanofibers and silver nanoparticles for malachite green dye removal from water. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Gao P, Chen D, Chen W, Sun J, Wang G, Zhou L. Facile synthesis of amine-crosslinked starch as an efficient biosorbent for adsorptive removal of anionic organic pollutants from water. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:1240-1248. [PMID: 34624378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Developing applicable biosorbents for adsorptive removal of organic pollutants from water is highly demanded. However, most biosorbents suffer poor adsorption capability for anionic organic pollutants due to their negatively charged surface. Herein, we present a facile method to synthesize amine-crosslinked starch (ACS) biosorbent for removing anionic organic pollutants. The adsorption properties of ACS were thoroughly evaluated by selecting anionic brilliant blue (BB), amaranth (ART), diclofenac sodium (DS) as representatives. The results show that the ACS can selectively adsorb anionic molecules with large adsorption capacity and fast removal rate. The adsorption kinetic and isotherm behaviors can be well described by the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models, respectively. The maximum uptake capacity of ACS for BB, ART and DS is as high as 1287.7, 724.6 and 595.2 mg g-1, respectively. Moreover, the ACS can be easily regenerated and still exhibits favorable adsorption performance even after reusing for five times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metal and Materials of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Donglin Chen
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metal and Materials of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Weilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metal and Materials of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jiahui Sun
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metal and Materials of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metal and Materials of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
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Arabkhani P, Javadian H, Asfaram A, Sadeghfar F, Sadegh F. Synthesis of magnetic tungsten disulfide/carbon nanotubes nanocomposite (WS 2/Fe 3O 4/CNTs-NC) for highly efficient ultrasound-assisted rapid removal of amaranth and brilliant blue FCF hazardous dyes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 420:126644. [PMID: 34329103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this research, the potentiality of magnetic tungsten disulfide/carbon nanotubes nanocomposite (WS2/Fe3O4/CNTs-NC) as an adsorbent for the ultrasound-assisted removal of amaranth (AM) and brilliant blue FCF (BB FCF) dyes was investigated. The experiments were conducted using a central composite design (CCD) with the inputs of solution pH (X1: 2.0-10), adsorbent mass (X4: 4-20 mg), AM concentration (X2: 10-50 mg L-1), BB FCF concentration (X3: 10-50 mg L-1), and sonication time (X5: 2-12 min). At the optimum conditions, the removal percentages of 99.30% and 98.50% were obtained for AM and BB FCF, respectively. The adsorption of the dyes was described by Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic models. The maximum adsorption capacities of AM and BB FCF were 174.8 mg g-1 and 166.7 mg g-1, respectively. The adsorption thermodynamic study showed that the adsorption of the dyes occurred endothermically and spontaneously. The removal percentages of AM and BB FCF from the real samples were in the range of 94.52-99.65% for the binary solutions. The removal percentage for each dye after five cycles of adsorption/desorption was > 90%. This work provides a useful insight to the potential application of CNTs-based magnetic nanocomposite for the treatment of wastewaters contaminated with dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Arabkhani
- Department of Chemistry, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamedreza Javadian
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran (CCERCI), P.O. Box 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Asfaram
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
| | - Fardin Sadeghfar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, P.O. Box 45371-38791, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadegh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sistan of Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
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Safitri EA, Mahendra IP, Putra AE, Ghifari MA, Yanti DD, Yusnaidar Y, Ariwahjoedi B, Mendez JA. Multicolor PEGDA/LCNF Hydrogel in the Presence of Red Cabbage Anthocyanin Extract. Gels 2021; 7:gels7040160. [PMID: 34698158 PMCID: PMC8544528 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorimetric indicator gels were developed by incorporating anthocyanin (AC) obtained from red cabbage into poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA)-based hydrogel containing lignocellulose nanofiber (LCNF). The PEGDA-based hydrogel was prepared by mixing all of the mentioned components at the specific composition, and the hydrogels were cured under UV light (245 nm) for 1 min. The pH-response, UV absorption, swelling ratio, and mechanical properties of PEGDA/LCNF were determined. It was further found that PEGDA and LCNF mount play an important role in adjusting the mechanical properties of PEGDA/LCNF. In general, the presence of LCNF improved the mechanical properties and swelling ratio of PEGDA. The incorporation of red cabbage anthocyanin into the PEGDA/LCNF film showed multicolor response when specific pH buffers were introduced. Based on the multicolor response of PEGDA/LCNF/CA, this gel film indicator can be developed as a food freshness indicator that focuses on the detection of ammonia and amine compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlin Arda Safitri
- Program Studi Kimia, Jurusan Sains, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan 35365, Indonesia; (E.A.S.); (A.E.P.); (M.A.G.); (D.D.Y.)
| | - I Putu Mahendra
- Program Studi Kimia, Jurusan Sains, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan 35365, Indonesia; (E.A.S.); (A.E.P.); (M.A.G.); (D.D.Y.)
- Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Sanitasi dan Kesehatan Lingkungan, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan 35365, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
| | - Anggi Eka Putra
- Program Studi Kimia, Jurusan Sains, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan 35365, Indonesia; (E.A.S.); (A.E.P.); (M.A.G.); (D.D.Y.)
| | - M Alvien Ghifari
- Program Studi Kimia, Jurusan Sains, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan 35365, Indonesia; (E.A.S.); (A.E.P.); (M.A.G.); (D.D.Y.)
| | - Demi Dama Yanti
- Program Studi Kimia, Jurusan Sains, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan 35365, Indonesia; (E.A.S.); (A.E.P.); (M.A.G.); (D.D.Y.)
| | - Yusnaidar Yusnaidar
- Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Jambi, Jambi 36361, Indonesia;
| | - Bambang Ariwahjoedi
- Program Studi Teknik Material, Jurusan Teknologi Produksi dan Industri, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan 35365, Indonesia;
| | - Jose Alberto Mendez
- Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Laboratori d’Enginyeria Paperera i Materials Polimers, Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
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