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Jadav M, Solanki R, Patel S, Pooja D, Kulhari H. Development of thiolated xanthan gum-stearylamine conjugate based mucoadhesive system for the delivery of biochanin-A to melanoma cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128693. [PMID: 38092110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Recently, instead of creating new active compounds, scientists have been working to increase the bioavailability and residence time of existing drugs by modifying the characteristics of the delivery systems. In the present study, a novel mucoadhesive bioconjugate (SN-XG-SH) was synthesized by functionalizing a polysaccharide xanthan gum (XG) with cysteamine hydrochloride (CYS) and a lipid stearylamine (SN). FTIR, CHNS and 1H NMR studies confirmed the successful synthesis of SN-XG-SH. Mucoadhesion of the thiolated XG was enhanced and evaluated by different methods. Disulfide bond formation between thiolated XG and skin mucus enhances mucoadhesive behavior. The mucoadhesive bioconjugate was used to prepare nanoparticles for the delivery of hydrophobic biochanin-A (Bio-A) for the treatment of melanoma. The thiolated xanthan gum nanoparticles also demonstrated high drug entrapment efficiency, sustained drug release, and high storage stability. The drug loaded nanoparticles (Bio-A@TXNPs) significantly improved the cytotoxicity of Bio-A against human epidermoid cancer cells (A431 cells) by inducing apoptosis and changing mitochondrial membrane potential. In conclusion, thiolation of XG improves its mucoadhesive properties and prolongs the release of Bio-A. Thus, thiolated XG conjugate has a high potential for use as a bioadhesive agent in controlled and localised delivery of drugs in different skin diseases including melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Jadav
- School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382030, India
| | - Raghu Solanki
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382030, India
| | - Sunita Patel
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382030, India
| | - Deep Pooja
- School of Pharmacy, National Forensic Science University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382007, India.
| | - Hitesh Kulhari
- School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382030, India.
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Ćirin D, Pavlović N, Nikolić I, Krstonošić V. Assessment of Soy Protein Acid Hydrolysate-Xanthan Gum Mixtures on the Stability, Disperse and Rheological Properties of Oil-in-Water Emulsions. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092195. [PMID: 37177341 PMCID: PMC10181046 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing need for natural ingredients that could be utilized for the production of food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic emulsions. Soy protein acid hydrolysate (SPAH) is a plant-based additive used in the food industry mainly as a flavor enhancer. For the purpose of this work, however, it was mixed with a well-known natural polysaccharide, xanthan gum (XG), to produce stable 30% (w/w) sunflower oil-in-water emulsions using a rotor-stator homogenizer. In order to assess the emulsifying properties of the SPAH and its mixtures with XG, the surface tension properties of their water solutions, particle size, creaming stability, and rheological properties of the emulsions were investigated. Since the emulsions prepared using only SPAH, in various concentrations, were not stable, systems containing 5% of SPAH and 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5% of XG were then studied. The increase in concentration of the macromolecule led to an increase in creaming stability. The emulsions with 5% SPAH and 0.5% XG were stable for at least 14 days. The increase in XG concentration led to a decrease in d4,3, while consistency index and non-Newtonian behavior increased. The systems containing SPAH, in the absence of XG, showed shear-thinning flow behavior, which was changed to thixotropic with the addition of XG. Viscoelastic properties of emulsions containing over 0.2% of XG were confirmed by oscillatory rheological tests, demonstrating the dominance of elastic (G') over viscous (G") modulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Ćirin
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nebojša Pavlović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ivana Nikolić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Veljko Krstonošić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Kazachenko AS, Vasilieva NY, Borovkova VS, Fetisova OY, Issaoui N, Malyar YN, Elsuf’ev EV, Karacharov AA, Skripnikov AM, Miroshnikova AV, Kazachenko AS, Zimonin DV, Ionin VA. Food Xanthan Polysaccharide Sulfation Process with Sulfamic Acid. Foods 2021; 10:2571. [PMID: 34828852 PMCID: PMC8620577 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthan is an important polysaccharide with many beneficial properties. Sulfated xanthan derivatives have anticoagulant and antithrombotic activity. This work proposes a new method for the synthesis of xanthan sulfates using sulfamic acid. Various N-substituted ureas have been investigated as process activators. It was found that urea has the greatest activating ability. BBD of xanthan sulfation process with sulfamic acid in 1,4-dioxane has been carried out. It was shown that the optimal conditions for the sulfation of xanthan (13.1 wt% sulfur content) are: the amount of sulfating complex per 1 g of xanthan is 3.5 mmol, temperature 90 °C, duration 2.3 h. Sulfated xanthan with the maximum sulfur content was analyzed by physicochemical methods. Thus, in the FTIR spectrum of xanthan sulfate, in comparison with the initial xanthanum, absorption bands appear at 1247 cm-1, which corresponds to the vibrations of the sulfate group. It was shown by GPC chromatography that the starting xanthan gum has a bimodal molecular weight distribution of particles, including a high molecular weight fraction with Mw > 1000 kDa and an LMW fraction with Mw < 600 kDa. It was found that the Mw of sulfated xanthan gum has a lower value (~612 kDa) in comparison with the original xanthan gum, and a narrower molecular weight distribution and is characterized by lower PD values. It was shown by thermal analysis that the main decomposition of xanthan sulfate, in contrast to the initial xanthan, occurs in two stages. The DTG curve has two pronounced peaks, with maxima at 226 and 286 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr S. Kazachenko
- Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, pr. Svobodny 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (N.Y.V.); (V.S.B.); (Y.N.M.); (A.M.S.); (A.V.M.); (A.S.K.); (D.V.Z.); (V.A.I.)
- FRC “Krasnoyarsk Science Center”, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50/24, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (O.Y.F.); (E.V.E.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Natalya Yu. Vasilieva
- Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, pr. Svobodny 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (N.Y.V.); (V.S.B.); (Y.N.M.); (A.M.S.); (A.V.M.); (A.S.K.); (D.V.Z.); (V.A.I.)
- FRC “Krasnoyarsk Science Center”, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50/24, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (O.Y.F.); (E.V.E.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Valentina S. Borovkova
- Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, pr. Svobodny 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (N.Y.V.); (V.S.B.); (Y.N.M.); (A.M.S.); (A.V.M.); (A.S.K.); (D.V.Z.); (V.A.I.)
- FRC “Krasnoyarsk Science Center”, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50/24, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (O.Y.F.); (E.V.E.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Olga Yu. Fetisova
- FRC “Krasnoyarsk Science Center”, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50/24, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (O.Y.F.); (E.V.E.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Noureddine Issaoui
- Laboratory of Quantum and Statistical Physics (LR18ES18), Faculty of Sciences, University of Monastir, Monastir 5079, Tunisia;
| | - Yuriy N. Malyar
- Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, pr. Svobodny 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (N.Y.V.); (V.S.B.); (Y.N.M.); (A.M.S.); (A.V.M.); (A.S.K.); (D.V.Z.); (V.A.I.)
- FRC “Krasnoyarsk Science Center”, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50/24, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (O.Y.F.); (E.V.E.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Evgeniy V. Elsuf’ev
- FRC “Krasnoyarsk Science Center”, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50/24, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (O.Y.F.); (E.V.E.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Anton A. Karacharov
- FRC “Krasnoyarsk Science Center”, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50/24, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (O.Y.F.); (E.V.E.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Andrey M. Skripnikov
- Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, pr. Svobodny 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (N.Y.V.); (V.S.B.); (Y.N.M.); (A.M.S.); (A.V.M.); (A.S.K.); (D.V.Z.); (V.A.I.)
- FRC “Krasnoyarsk Science Center”, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50/24, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (O.Y.F.); (E.V.E.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Angelina V. Miroshnikova
- Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, pr. Svobodny 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (N.Y.V.); (V.S.B.); (Y.N.M.); (A.M.S.); (A.V.M.); (A.S.K.); (D.V.Z.); (V.A.I.)
- FRC “Krasnoyarsk Science Center”, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50/24, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (O.Y.F.); (E.V.E.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Anna S. Kazachenko
- Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, pr. Svobodny 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (N.Y.V.); (V.S.B.); (Y.N.M.); (A.M.S.); (A.V.M.); (A.S.K.); (D.V.Z.); (V.A.I.)
| | - Dmitry V. Zimonin
- Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, pr. Svobodny 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (N.Y.V.); (V.S.B.); (Y.N.M.); (A.M.S.); (A.V.M.); (A.S.K.); (D.V.Z.); (V.A.I.)
- FRC “Krasnoyarsk Science Center”, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50/24, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (O.Y.F.); (E.V.E.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Vladislav A. Ionin
- Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, pr. Svobodny 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (N.Y.V.); (V.S.B.); (Y.N.M.); (A.M.S.); (A.V.M.); (A.S.K.); (D.V.Z.); (V.A.I.)
- FRC “Krasnoyarsk Science Center”, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50/24, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (O.Y.F.); (E.V.E.); (A.A.K.)
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