Preparation of a novel polyurethane network based on PPG–PGN–PPG: investigation of the effect of plasticizers on its properties

Energetic Nitrate-Based Polymer-Bonded Explosives Derived from Sustainable Aza-Michael Reactions

A novel nontoxic method for processing energetic binder, namely, polyglycidyl nitrate (PGN), using Aza-Michael reactions for deriving high-performance explosive formulations is being reported. The polyol binders used in polymer-bonded explosives (PBX) including PGN are usually cross-linked using isocyanate leading to polyurethane (PU)-based cured solid networks. These reactions require mild reaction conditions and yield good mechanical properties for the PBX but remain challenging due to extraneous reactions of isocyanate resulting in defects in the cured blocks. In addition, the presence of nitrato groups in the vicinity of terminal hydroxyl groups of PGN results in the decuring of cross-linked urethane that affects the storage life of PBX, though PGN-based binder can provide an 18% improvement in the velocity of detonation of PBX at lower solid loadings of 70%. This prevents researchers from exploiting the major performance advantage of using PGN for PBX compositions. This article herein features a green and mild aza-Michael reaction for functional modification of PGN using readily available substrates and triethylene tetramine to form a cross-linked β-aminocarbonyl network. The methodology ensures a void-free, stable, cured network and offers an effective replacement for toxic cure chemistry currently employed for processing of PBX.

Influence of functional groups in chemical reactivity and optoelectronic properties of novel glycidyl nitrate copolymers (GNCOP): a DFT study

INTRODUCTION

Nowadays, propulsion materials are receiving increased attention as an important component in electric motors. So, awareness of their chemical reactivity and geometric and electronic structures can help to make materials with higher quality and efficiency. In this study, we have proposed novel glycidyl nitrate copolymers (GNCOPs) and meta-substituted derivatives as propulsion materials.

METHOD

Based on density functional theory (DFT) method, chemical reactivity indices have been calculated for predicting their behavior in burning process.

RESULT AND DISSCUSSION

Adding functional groups changes reactivity of the GNCOP compound, especially, in the -CN functional group, chemical potential, chemical hardness, and electrophilicity change -0.374, +0.007, and +1.342eV, respectively. In addition, these compounds have dual properties in interaction with oxygen molecule. Optoelectronic study in time-dependent DFT framework shows that there are three peaks with significant excitations.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, adding functional group into the GNCOPs can introduce new materials with high energetic properties.