Polysaccharide supramolecular hydrogel microparticles based on carboxymethyl β-cyclodextrin/chitosan complex and EDTA-chitosan for controlled release of protein drugs

Assessment of the cytotoxic effect of carboxymethyl chitosan-loaded amygdalin nanoparticles against human normal and cancer cell lines

In recent years, the development of antitumor drugs has been dedicated to natural products. Amygdalin is a natural herbal cyanoglycoside that has anticarcinogenic effect on many types of cancers once hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is released. The main objective of the present study is to synthesize and investigate the potential of carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles (CMC NPs) as drug delivery agents for amygdalin encapsulation and its delivery to cancer and normal cell lines. In this study, carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles encapsulated with amygdalin (CMC-Am NPs) were prepared and characterized through their particle size, surface charge, chemical structure and dielectric properties. Also, the invitro drug release of amygdalin from CMC NPs was studied. Additionally, the cytotoxcity of the amygdalin and CMC-loaded amygdalin NPs were evaluated through MTT assay. The results showed that the prepared CMC-loaded amygdalin NPs exhibited a small particle size of 129 nm, high zeta potential value of - 43 mV and confirmed the amygdalin stability and compatibility with CMC NPs. Furthermore, the CMC NPs demonstrated sustained release of amygdalin during 24 h. Moreover, compared to free amygdalin, amygdalin-loaded CMC NPs have significant anti-cancerous effect on human colon HCT-116 and breast MCF-7 cancer cell lines while being safe on normal cells BJ1. In conclusion, CMC NPs can be employed as an efficient drug delivery vehicle for controlled and sustained amygdalin release with enhanced cytotoxicity on malignant cells without harming normal cells.

Supramolecular Responsive Chitosan Microcarriers for Cell Detachment Triggered by Adamantane

Supramolecular responsive microcarriers based on chitosan microspheres were prepared and applied for nonenzymatic cell detachment. Briefly, chitosan microspheres (CSMs) were first prepared by an emulsion crosslinking approach, the surface of which was then modified with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) by chemical grafting. Subsequently, gelatin was attached onto the surface of the CSMs via the host-guest interaction between β-CD groups and aromatic residues in gelatin. The resultant microspheres were denoted CSM-g-CD-Gel. Due to their superior biocompatibility and gelatin niches, CSM-g-CD-Gel microspheres can be used as effective microcarriers for cell attachment and expansion. L-02, a human fetal hepatocyte line, was used to evaluate cell attachment and expansion with these microcarriers. After incubation for 48 h, the cells attached and expanded to cover the entire surface of microcarriers. Moreover, with the addition of adamantane (AD), cells can be detached from the microcarriers together with gelatin because of the competitive binding between β-CD and AD. Overall, these supramolecular responsive microcarriers could effectively support cell expansion and achieve nonenzymatic cell detachment and may be potentially reusable with a new cycle of gelatin attachment and detachment.

Host-guest drug delivery by β-cyclodextrin assisted polysaccharide vehicles: A review

Among different form of cyclodextrin (CD), β-CD has been taken a special attraction in pharmaceutical science due to lowest aqueous solubility and adequate cavity size. When β-CD forms inclusion complex with drugs then biopolymers such as polysaccharides in combination plays a vital role as a vehicle for safe release of drugs. It is noticed that, β-CD assisted polysaccharide-based composite achieves better drug release rate through host-guest mechanism. Present review is a critical analysis of this host-guest mechanism for release of drugs from polysaccharide supported β-CD inclusion complex. Various important polysaccharides such as cellulose, alginate, chitosan, dextran, etc. in relevant to drug delivery are logically compared in present review by their association with β-CD. Efficacy of mechanism of drug delivery by different polysaccharides with β-CD is analytically examined in schematic form. Drug release capacity at different pH conditions, mode of drug release, along with characterization techniques adopted by individual polysaccharide-based CD complexes are comparatively established in tabular form. This review may explore better visibility for researchers those are working in the area of controlled release of drugs by vehicle consist of β-CD associated polysaccharide composite through host-guest mechanism.

Cyclodextrin regulated natural polysaccharide hydrogels for biomedical applications-a review

Cyclodextrin and its derivative (CDs) are natural building blocks for linking with other components to afford functional biomaterials. Hydrogels are polymer network systems that can form hydrophilic three-dimensional network structures through different cross-linking methods and are developing as potential materials in biomedical applications. Natural polysaccharide hydrogels (NPHs) are widely adopted in biomedical field with good biocompatibility, biodegradability, low cytotoxicity, and versatility in emulating natural tissue properties. Compared with conventional NPHs, CD regulated natural polysaccharide hydrogels (CD-NPHs) maintain good biocompatibility, while improving poor mechanical qualities and unpredictable gelation times. Recently, there has been increasing and considerable usage of CD-NPHs while there is still no review comprehensively introducing their construction, classification, and application of these hydrogels from the material point of view regarding biomedical fields. To draw a complete picture of the current and future development of CD-NPHs, we systematically overview the classification of CD-NPHs, and provide a holistic view on the role of CD-NPHs in different biomedical fields, especially in drug delivery, wound dressing, cell encapsulation, and tissue engineering. Moreover, the current challenges and prospects of CD-NPHs are discussed rationally, providing an insight into developing vibrant fields of CD-NPHs-based biomedicine, and facilitating their translation from bench to clinical medicine.

Recent Reports on Polysaccharide-Based Materials for Drug Delivery

Polysaccharides constitute one of the most important families of biopolymers. Natural polysaccharide-based drug delivery systems are of constant interest to the scientific community due to their unique properties: biocompatibility, non-toxicity, biodegradability, and high availability. These promising biomaterials protect sensitive active agents and provide their controlled release in targeted sites. The application of natural polysaccharides as drug delivery systems is also intensively developed by Polish scientists. The present review focuses on case studies from the last few years authored or co-authored by research centers in Poland. A particular emphasis was placed on the diversity of the formulations in terms of the active substance carried, the drug delivery route, the composition of the material, and its preparation method.

Preparation, Characterization, and Antioxidant Properties of Phycocyanin Complexes Based on Sodium Alginate and Lysozyme

In this study, phycocyanin-sodium alginate/lysozyme complex (PC-SLC) was prepared for the first time and characterized by UV spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD). The stability of PC-SLC under light, temperature, pH and simulated gastrointestinal fluid was investigated. The scavenging ability of the complexes against DPPH and ABTS radicals was determined. The results showed that the complex formed by the mass ratio of SA-LZM of 0.1 showed the highest PC encapsulation rate (89.9 ± 0.374%). The combination of SA and LZM changed the secondary conformation of PC. The PC-SLC complex shows an irregular spherical structure and the spheres are clustered together. Compared with phycocyanin (PC), its thermal stability was obviously improved, but it was still greatly influenced by light. It could exist stably in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) for 2 h and be slowly digested in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF), which helped to promote the absorption of nutrients in the intestinal tract. Meanwhile, the complex PC-SLC showed high scavenging ability for DPPH and ABTS radicals. It can be concluded that the complexes have good antioxidant activity. This study provides an idea for the construction of PC delivery system and makes it more widely used in food industry and other fields.