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Tuan HNA, Phan BTC, Giang HN, Nguyen GT, Le TDH, Phuong H. Impact of Modifications from Potassium Hydroxide on Porous Semi-IPN Hydrogel Properties and Its Application in Cultivation. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1195. [PMID: 38732665 PMCID: PMC11085908 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study synthesized and modified a semi-interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel from polyacrylamide, N,N'-dimethylacrylamide, and maleic acid in a potassium hydroxide solution. The chemical composition, interior morphology, thermal properties, mechanical characteristics, and swelling behaviors of the initial hydrogel (SH) and modified hydrogel (SB) in water, salt solutions, and buffer solutions were investigated. Hydrogels were used as phosphate fertilizer (PF) carriers and applied in farming techniques by evaluating their impact on soil properties and the growth of mustard greens. Fourier-transform infrared spectra confirmed the chemical composition of SH, SB, and PF-adsorbed hydrogels. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that modification increased the largest pore size from 817 to 1513 µm for SH and SB hydrogels, respectively. After modification, the hydrogels had positive changes in the swelling ratio, swelling kinetics, thermal properties, mechanical and rheological properties, PF absorption, and PF release. The modification also increased the maximum amount of PF loaded into the hydrogel from 710.8 mg/g to 770.9 mg/g, while the maximum % release of PF slightly increased from 84.42% to 85.80%. In addition, to evaluate the PF release mechanism and the factors that influence this process, four kinetic models were applied to confirm the best-fit model, which included zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, and Korsmeyer-Peppas. In addition, after six cycles of absorption and release in the soil, the hydrogels retained their original shapes, causing no alkalinization or acidification. At the same time, the moisture content was higher as SB was used. Finally, modifying the hydrogel increased the mustard greens' lifespan from 20 to 32 days. These results showed the potential applications of modified semi-IPN hydrogel materials in cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huynh Nguyen Anh Tuan
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, No. 1, Vo Van Ngan Street, Linh Chieu Ward, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City 71307, Vietnam; (B.T.C.P.); (G.T.N.); (T.D.H.L.); (H.P.)
| | - Bui Thi Cam Phan
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, No. 1, Vo Van Ngan Street, Linh Chieu Ward, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City 71307, Vietnam; (B.T.C.P.); (G.T.N.); (T.D.H.L.); (H.P.)
| | - Ha Ngoc Giang
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade, No. 140, Le Trong Tan Street, Tay Thanh Ward, Tan Phu District, Ho Chi Minh City 72009, Vietnam;
| | - Giang Tien Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, No. 1, Vo Van Ngan Street, Linh Chieu Ward, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City 71307, Vietnam; (B.T.C.P.); (G.T.N.); (T.D.H.L.); (H.P.)
| | - Thi Duy Hanh Le
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, No. 1, Vo Van Ngan Street, Linh Chieu Ward, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City 71307, Vietnam; (B.T.C.P.); (G.T.N.); (T.D.H.L.); (H.P.)
| | - Ho Phuong
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, No. 1, Vo Van Ngan Street, Linh Chieu Ward, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City 71307, Vietnam; (B.T.C.P.); (G.T.N.); (T.D.H.L.); (H.P.)
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A New Design of Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) Hydrogels Using Biodegradable Poly(Beta-Aminoester) Crosslinkers as Fertilizer Reservoirs for Agricultural Applications. Gels 2023; 9:gels9020127. [PMID: 36826297 PMCID: PMC9956257 DOI: 10.3390/gels9020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (P(NIPAAm)) hydrogels were prepared by free-radical polymerization with biodegradable poly (β-amino ester) (PBAE) crosslinkers at 1 wt% and 3 wt% ratio, and compared with conventional N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA)-crosslinked hydrogel. The influence of the type, molecular weight, and diacrylate/amine ratio of the crosslinker on the crosslink density, compressive strength, and swelling and biodegradation behavior of the hydrogels was investigated. The hydrogels synthesized with lower molecular weight PBAE crosslinkers showed higher crosslinking degrees and compressive strength and lower swelling ratios. To reveal the controlled release behavior of the fertilizer, KNO3 was used as the model, and its loading and release behavior from these hydrogels was also examined. The N/T5/1 sample with 1.5/1.0 diacrylate/amine molar ratio and 1 wt% PBAE ratio demonstrated the most controlled release of KNO3 with 66.9% after 18 days in soil. In addition, the hydrogel with the porosity of 71.65% and crosslinking degree of 2.85 × 10-5 mol cm-3 showed a swelling ratio of 69.44 g/g, biodegradation rate of 23.9%, and compressive strength of 1.074 MPa. Thus, it can be concluded that the new designed biodegradable P(NIPAAm) hydrogels can be promising materials as nitrate fertilizer reservoirs and also for controlled fertilizer release in soil media for agricultural applications.
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Dudu TE, Alpaslan D, Aktas N. Synthesis of controlled release hydrogels from dimethylacrylamide/maleic acid/starch and its application in lettuce cultivation. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03363-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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