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Omri Ben Youssef N, Halila I, Mbazia A, Bessaidi Z, Missaoui K, Kharrat M, Le May C. Didymella fabae Punith.: mating type occurrence, distribution and phenotyping of the anamorph Ascochyta fabae Speg. in Tunisia. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1176517. [PMID: 37731989 PMCID: PMC10507270 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1176517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Faba bean ascochyta blight, caused by Ascochyta fabae Speg. (teleomorph: Didymella fabae Punith.), is one of the most devastating diseases of the crop. It can cause yield losses that reach 95% in conducive weather conditions. Surveys were carried out in five regions of Tunisia: Beja, Bizerte, Jendouba, Kef and Tunis-Cap Bon. A total of 513 fungal isolates were collected from 2011 to 2013. A molecular characterization was conducted to identify the mating type of each individual using a mating type specific PCR. Results revealed that the two mating types MAT1-2 and MAT1-1 coexisted in all surveyed regions. An imbalance in favor of MAT1-2 was observed particularly in Bizerte and Jendouba regions (sex ratio was 18:85 and 32:80, respectively). Moreover, morphological and pathogenic characterization of 122 isolates among the collection revealed a significant variability in conidia type (one celled or two celled conidia) frequency, in conidia mean size and in aggressiveness toward Badii faba bean cultivar (incubation period, IP; percentage necrotic leaf area, S; and area under disease progression curve, AUDPC). A principal component analysis (PCA) performed on morphologically studied parameters (frequency of conidia cell number and conidia mean size) identified three groups of isolates based on morphological traits: one celled (1C) and two celled (2C) conidia rates, one celled and two celled conidia length and width (1L, 1W, 2L and 2W, respectively). A second PCA using aggressiveness parameters (IP: Incubation period, S1, S4 and S9: percentage of necrotic leaf area respectively 5, 20 and 45 days after inoculation) identified three distinct pathogenic groups: poorly pathogenic AG1, moderately pathogenic AG2 and highly pathogenic AG3. Morphological and pathogenic groups and mating type data were used to conduct a multiple factorial correspondence analysis (MFCA) which revealed a correlation between the variables studied. Five groups were identified, each associated with a morphological and pathogenic trait and mating type. The most pathogenic group belonged to MAT1-2 suggesting that in locations where MAT1-2 is prevalent the epidemic risk is more important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Omri Ben Youssef
- Laboratoire des Grandes Cultures, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie, Université de Carthage, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Imen Halila
- Laboratoire des Grandes Cultures, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie, Université de Carthage, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Ahlem Mbazia
- Laboratoire des Grandes Cultures, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie, Université de Carthage, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Zayneb Bessaidi
- Laboratoire des Grandes Cultures, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie, Université de Carthage, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Khawla Missaoui
- Laboratoire des Grandes Cultures, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie, Université de Carthage, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Kharrat
- Laboratoire des Grandes Cultures, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie, Université de Carthage, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Christophe Le May
- INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1349 Institut de Génétique, environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Le Rheu, France
- Institut Agro-Rennes-Angers, UP ESP, Rennes, France
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Henares BM, Blake SN, Farfan-Caceres L, Tahghighi H, Debler JW, Russ MH, Farquharson EA, Rose JA, Khani M, Davidson JA, Kamphuis LG, Lee RC. Virulence Profiles and Genome-Wide Association Study for Ascochyta lentis Isolates Collected from Australian Lentil-Growing Regions. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:1515-1524. [PMID: 36935379 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-22-0397-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ascochyta lentis, the causal organism of Ascochyta blight (AB) of lentil (Lens culinaris), has been shown to produce an avirulence effector protein that mediates AB resistance in certain lentil cultivars. The two known forms of the effector protein were identified from a biparental mapping population between isolates that have reciprocal virulence on 'PBA Hurricane XT' and 'Nipper'. The effector AlAvr1-1 was described for the PBA Hurricane XT-avirulent isolate P94-24 and AlAvr1-2 characterized in the PBA Hurricane XT-virulent isolate AlKewell. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study to identify other loci associated with AB for a differential set of lentil cultivars from a diverse panel of isolates collected in the Australian lentil-growing regions from 2013 to 2020. The chromosome 3 AlAvr1 locus was strongly associated with the PBA Hurricane XT, 'Indianhead', and Nipper disease responses, but one other genomic region on chromosome 11 was also associated with the Nipper disease trait. Our results corroborate earlier work that identified the AlAvr1 locus for field-collected isolates that span the period before release and after widespread adoption of PBA Hurricane XT. A multiplex PCR assay was developed to differentiate the genes AlAvr1-1 and AlAvr1-2 to predict PBA Hurricane XT avirulence and pathotype designation in the diversity panel. Increasing numbers of the PBA Hurricane XT-virulent pathotype 2 isolates across that time indicate strong selection for isolates with the AlAvr1-2 allele. Furthermore, one other region of the A. lentis genome may contribute to the pathogen-host interaction for lentil AB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette M Henares
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Sara N Blake
- Pulse and Oilseed Pathology, Plant Health & Biosecurity, Crop Sciences, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Adelaide, SA 5064 Australia
| | - Lina Farfan-Caceres
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Hediyeh Tahghighi
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Johannes W Debler
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Michelle H Russ
- Pulse and Oilseed Pathology, Plant Health & Biosecurity, Crop Sciences, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Adelaide, SA 5064 Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Farquharson
- Pulse and Oilseed Pathology, Plant Health & Biosecurity, Crop Sciences, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Adelaide, SA 5064 Australia
| | - Jade A Rose
- Pulse and Oilseed Pathology, Plant Health & Biosecurity, Crop Sciences, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Adelaide, SA 5064 Australia
| | - Mohsen Khani
- Pulse and Oilseed Pathology, Plant Health & Biosecurity, Crop Sciences, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Adelaide, SA 5064 Australia
| | - Jennifer A Davidson
- Pulse and Oilseed Pathology, Plant Health & Biosecurity, Crop Sciences, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Adelaide, SA 5064 Australia
| | - Lars G Kamphuis
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Robert C Lee
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
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Blake SN, Lee RC, Russ MH, Farquharson EA, Rose JA, Herdina, Goonetilleke SN, Farfan-Caceres LM, Debler JW, Syme RA, Davidson JA. Phenotypic and Genotypic Diversity of Ascochyta fabae Populations in Southern Australia. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:918211. [PMID: 35982697 PMCID: PMC9380778 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.918211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Ascochyta fabae Speg. is a serious foliar fungal disease of faba bean and a constraint to production worldwide. This study investigated the phenotypic and genotypic diversity of the A. fabae pathogen population in southern Australia and the pathogenic variability of the population was examined on a differential set of faba bean cultivars. The host set was inoculated with 154 A. fabae isolates collected from 2015 to 2018 and a range of disease reactions from high to low aggressiveness was observed. Eighty percent of isolates collected from 2015 to 2018 were categorized as pathogenicity group (PG) PG-2 (pathogenic on Farah) and were detected in every region in each year of collection. Four percent of isolates were non-pathogenic on Farah and designated as PG-1. A small group of isolates (16%) were pathogenic on the most resistant differential cultivars, PBA Samira or Nura, and these isolates were designated PG-3. Mating types of 311 isolates collected between 1991 and 2018 were determined and showed an equal ratio of MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 in the southern Australian population. The genetic diversity and population structure of 305 isolates were examined using DArTseq genotyping, and results suggest no association of genotype with any of the population descriptors viz.: collection year, region, host cultivar, mating type, or PG. A Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) was performed to assess genetic association with pathogenicity traits and a significant trait-associated genomic locus for disease in Farah AR and PBA Zahra, and PG was revealed. The high frequency of mating of A. fabae indicated by the wide distribution of the two mating types means changes to virulence genes would be quickly distributed to other genotypes. Continued monitoring of the A. fabae pathogen population through pathogenicity testing will be important to identify any increases in aggressiveness or emergence of novel PGs. GWAS and future genetic studies using biparental mating populations could be useful for identifying virulence genes responsible for the observed changes in pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara N. Blake
- Pulse and Oilseed Pathology, Plant Health and Biosecurity, Crop Sciences, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Robert C. Lee
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Michelle H. Russ
- Pulse and Oilseed Pathology, Plant Health and Biosecurity, Crop Sciences, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A. Farquharson
- Pulse and Oilseed Pathology, Plant Health and Biosecurity, Crop Sciences, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jade A. Rose
- Pulse and Oilseed Pathology, Plant Health and Biosecurity, Crop Sciences, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Herdina
- Pulse and Oilseed Pathology, Plant Health and Biosecurity, Crop Sciences, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Shashi N. Goonetilleke
- Crop Improvement, Plant Health and Biosecurity, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lina M. Farfan-Caceres
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Johannes W. Debler
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Robert A. Syme
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Jennifer A. Davidson
- Pulse and Oilseed Pathology, Plant Health and Biosecurity, Crop Sciences, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Rodda MS, Davidson J, Javid M, Sudheesh S, Blake S, Forster JW, Kaur S. Molecular Breeding for Ascochyta Blight Resistance in Lentil: Current Progress and Future Directions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1136. [PMID: 28706526 PMCID: PMC5489742 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is a diploid (2n = 2x = 14), self-pollinating, cool-season, grain legume that is cultivated worldwide and is highly valuable due to its high protein content. However, lentil production is constrained by many factors including biotic stresses, majority of which are fungal diseases such as ascochyta blight (AB), fusarium wilt, rust, stemphylium blight, anthracnose, and botrytis gray mold. Among various diseases, AB is a major -problem in many lentil-producing countries and can significantly reduce crop production. Breeding for AB resistance has been a priority for breeding programs across the globe and consequently, a number of resistance sources have been identified and extensively exploited. In order to increase the efficiency of combining genes from different genetic backgrounds, molecular genetic tools can be integrated with conventional breeding methods. A range of genetic linkage maps have been generated based on DNA-based markers, and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for AB resistance have been identified. Molecular markers linked to these QTLs may potentially be used for efficient pyramiding of the AB disease resistance genes. Significant genomic resources have been established to identify and characterize resistance genes, including an integrated genetic map, expressed sequence tag libraries, gene based markers, and draft genome sequences. These resources are already being utilized for lentil crop improvement, to more effectively select for disease resistance, as a case study of the Australian breeding program will show. The combination of genomic resources, effective molecular genetic tools and high resolution phenotyping tools will improve the efficiency of selection for ascochyta blight resistance and accelerate varietal development of global lentil breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Rodda
- Agriculture Victoria, Grains Innovation ParkHorsham, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer Davidson
- Pulse and Oilseed Pathology, Plant Health and Biosecurity, Sustainable Systems, South Australian Research and Development Institute, UrrbraeAdelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Muhammad Javid
- Agriculture Victoria, Grains Innovation ParkHorsham, VIC, Australia
| | - Shimna Sudheesh
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe UniversityBundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Sara Blake
- Pulse and Oilseed Pathology, Plant Health and Biosecurity, Sustainable Systems, South Australian Research and Development Institute, UrrbraeAdelaide, SA, Australia
| | - John W. Forster
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe UniversityBundoora, VIC, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe UniversityBundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Sukhjiwan Kaur
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe UniversityBundoora, VIC, Australia
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Peever T, Barve M, Stone L, Kaiser W. Evolutionary relationships among Ascochyta species infecting wild and cultivated hosts in the legume tribes Cicereae and Vicieae. Mycologia 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15572536.2007.11832601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - L.J. Stone
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6430
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Pearce TL, Scott JB, Hay FS, Pethybridge SJ. Mating-Type Gene Structure and Spatial Distribution of Didymella tanaceti in Pyrethrum Fields. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2016; 106:1521-1529. [PMID: 27398744 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-16-0038-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tan spot of pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) is caused by the ascomycete Didymella tanaceti. To assess the evolutionary role of ascospores in the assumed asexual species, the structure and arrangement of mating-type (MAT) genes were examined. A single MAT1-1 or MAT1-2 idiomorph was identified in all isolates examined, indicating that the species is heterothallic. The idiomorphs were flanked upstream and downstream by regions encoding pyridoxamine phosphate oxidase-like and DNA lyase-like proteins, respectively. A multiplex MAT-specific polymerase chain reaction assay was developed and used to genotype 325 isolates collected within two transects in each of four fields in Tasmania, Australia. The ratio of isolates of each mating-type in each transect was consistent with a 1:1 ratio. The spatial distribution of the isolates of the two mating-types within each transect was random for all except one transect for MAT1-1 isolates, indicating that clonal patterns of each mating-type were absent. However, evidence of a reduced selection pressure on MAT1-1 isolates was observed, with a second haplotype of the MAT1-1-1 gene identified in 4.4% of MAT1-1 isolates. In vitro crosses between isolates with opposite mating-types failed to produce ascospores. Although the sexual morph could not be induced, the occurrence of both mating-types in equal frequencies suggested that a cryptic sexual mode of reproduction may occur within field populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamieka L Pearce
- First and second authors: Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Burnie, Tasmania 7320, Australia; and third and fourth authors: Cornell University, School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456
| | - Jason B Scott
- First and second authors: Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Burnie, Tasmania 7320, Australia; and third and fourth authors: Cornell University, School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456
| | - Frank S Hay
- First and second authors: Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Burnie, Tasmania 7320, Australia; and third and fourth authors: Cornell University, School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456
| | - Sarah J Pethybridge
- First and second authors: Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Burnie, Tasmania 7320, Australia; and third and fourth authors: Cornell University, School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456
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Chilvers MI, Jones S, Meleca J, Peever TL, Pethybridge SJ, Hay FS. Characterization of mating type genes supports the hypothesis that Stagonosporopsis chrysanthemi is homothallic and provides evidence that Stagonosporopsis tanaceti is heterothallic. Curr Genet 2014; 60:295-302. [PMID: 24974310 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-014-0435-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To understand the organization of the mating type locus of Stagonosporopsis tanaceti and Stagonosporopsis chrysanthemi, and its potential role in the epidemiology of ray blight of pyrethrum and chrysanthemum, respectively, the mating type (MAT) locus of these species was cloned and characterized using PCR-based techniques. The complete MAT locus of each species was cloned and annotated including complete and/or partial hypothetical genes flanking the idiomorphs. Analysis of the MAT locus organization indicated that S. chrysanthemi is likely homothallic with both MAT1-2-1 and MAT1-1-1 co-located within the idiomorph, and this was supported by production of the teleomorph in cultures of single-conidial-derived isolates. Sequencing of the MAT locus and flanking genes of S. tanaceti demonstrated that only a single MAT gene, MAT1-1-1, was located within this idiomorph and suggesting that S. tanaceti is heterothallic. MAT-specific PCR primers were developed and used to determine mating type of isolates sampled from diseased pyrethrum fields in Australia. These results indicated that only one mating type of S. tanaceti was present in Tasmania, Australia. The absence of a second mating type suggests that this species does not reproduce sexually in Tasmania, Australia and that ascospores are unlikely to be a source of inoculum for ray blight of pyrethrum. The MAT-specific PCR assay will be a valuable tool to distinguish mating types present among isolates of S. tanaceti, to monitor populations of S. tanaceti for the introduction of a second mating type and to differentiate S. tanaceti from S. chrysanthemi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA,
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Bushley KE, Li Y, Wang WJ, Wang XL, Jiao L, Spatafora JW, Yao YJ. Isolation of the MAT1-1 mating type idiomorph and evidence for selfing in the Chinese medicinal fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis. Fungal Biol 2013; 117:599-610. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Woudenberg JHC, De Gruyter J, Crous PW, Zwiers LH. Analysis of the mating-type loci of co-occurring and phylogenetically related species of Ascochyta and Phoma. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2012; 13:350-62. [PMID: 22014305 PMCID: PMC6638728 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00751.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ascochyta and Phoma are fungal genera containing several important plant pathogenic species. These genera are morphologically similar, and recent molecular studies performed to unravel their phylogeny have resulted in the establishment of several new genera within the newly erected Didymellaceae family. An analysis of the structure of fungal mating-type genes can contribute to a better understanding of the taxonomic relationships of these plant pathogens, and may shed some light on their evolution and on differences in sexual strategy and pathogenicity. We analysed the mating-type loci of phylogenetically closely related Ascochyta and Phoma species (Phoma clematidina, Didymella vitalbina, Didymella clematidis, Peyronellaea pinodes and Peyronellaea pinodella) that co-occur on the same hosts, either on Clematis or Pisum. The results confirm that the mating-type genes provide the information to distinguish between the homothallic Pey. pinodes (formerly Ascochyta pinodes) and the heterothallic Pey. pinodella (formerly Phoma pinodella), and indicate the close phylogenetic relationship between these two species that are part of the disease complex responsible for Ascochyta blight on pea. Furthermore, our analysis of the mating-type genes of the fungal species responsible for causing wilt of Clematis sp. revealed that the heterothallic D. vitalbina (Phoma anamorph) is more closely related to the homothallic D. clematidis (Ascochyta anamorph) than to the heterothallic P. clematidina. Finally, our results indicate that homothallism in D. clematidis resulted from a single crossover between MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 sequences of heterothallic ancestors, whereas a single crossover event followed by an inversion of a fused MAT1/2 locus resulted in homothallism in Pey. pinodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce H C Woudenberg
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Wilken PM, Steenkamp ET, Hall TA, de Beer ZW, Wingfield MJ, Wingfield BD. Both mating types in the heterothallic fungus Ophiostoma quercus contain MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 genes. Fungal Biol 2012; 116:427-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Identification and function of a polyketide synthase gene responsible for 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene-melanin pigment biosynthesis in Ascochyta rabiei. Curr Genet 2010; 56:349-60. [PMID: 20473673 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-010-0306-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ascochyta rabiei produces and accumulates one of the well-known fungal polyketides, 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene-melanin pigment (DHN-melanin), in asexual and sexual fruiting bodies. Degenerate PCR primers were used to isolate an ArPKS1 of A. rabiei encoding a polypeptide with high similarity to polyketide synthase (PKS) involved in biosynthesis of DHN-melanin in other ascomycetous fungi. Site-directed mutagenesis of ArPKS1 in A. rabiei generated melanin-deficient pycnidial mutants but caused no significant reduction of pathogenicity to chickpea. Pycnidiospores in ArPKS1-mutant pycnidia showed higher sensitivity to UV light exposure compared to pycnidiospores in melanized pycnidia of the wild-type progenitor isolate. Integration of an orthologous PKS1 gene from Bipolaris oryzae into the genome of the mutants complemented the dysfunctional ArPKS1 gene. This study demonstrated that A. rabiei uses a DHN-melanin pathway for pigmentation of pycnidia and this molecule may protect pycnidiospores from UV irradiation.
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Chilvers MI, Rogers JD, Dugan FM, Stewart JE, Chen W, Peever TL. Didymella pisi sp. nov., the teleomorph of Ascochyta pisi. MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2009; 113:391-400. [PMID: 19116165 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycres.2008.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2008] [Revised: 11/14/2008] [Accepted: 11/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The anamorphic pycnidial fungus Ascochyta pisi is one member of a species complex that causes Ascochyta blight of pea, a potentially devastating disease. The teleomorphic state of this fungus was induced under laboratory conditions. Using morphological and molecular characters, we placed the teleomorph within the genus Didymella as D. pisi and describe a heterothallic mating system using a PCR-based mating type assay and in vitro crosses. We compare D. pisi with other Didymella spp. with which it might be confused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin I Chilvers
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA
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