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Jiang Y, Deng X, Shih C, Zhao Y, Ren D, Zhao Z. Primitive new termites (Blattodea, Termitoidae) in Cretaceous amber from Myanmar. Zookeys 2024; 1197:115-126. [PMID: 38651112 PMCID: PMC11033552 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1197.114452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mastotermitidae, the first-diverging extant family of termites, has only one relic extant species; however, this family had greater richness during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras. Fossil termites from the Cretaceous provide information on the early evolution of termites and the transition between extinct families. Herein, two new Mastotermitidae species found in upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian) Kachin amber are reported. One is a female imago described as Angustitermesreflexusgen. et sp. nov. and assigned to the subfamily Mastotermitinae. The other is Mastotermesreticulatussp. nov., which is described from an isolated forewing. With the comparison especially of the antenna and venation, these new mastotermitids further increase our knowledge of the diversity and morphology of Mastotermitidae during the Mesozoic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Jiang
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCapital Normal UniversityBeijingChina
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, ChinaChinese Academy of Fishery SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xinru Deng
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCapital Normal UniversityBeijingChina
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, ChinaChinese Academy of Fishery SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chungkun Shih
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, ChinaChinese Academy of Fishery SciencesBeijingChina
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USANational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashington, DCUnited States of America
| | - Yunyun Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, ChinaChinese Academy of Fishery SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Dong Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, ChinaChinese Academy of Fishery SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhipeng Zhao
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCapital Normal UniversityBeijingChina
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Yan L, Hou Z, Ma J, Wang H, Gao J, Zeng C, Chen Q, Yue B, Zhang X. Complete mitochondrial genome of Episymploce splendens (Blattodea: Ectobiidae): A large intergenic spacer and lacking of two tRNA genes. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268064. [PMID: 35653382 PMCID: PMC9162313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome of Episymploce splendens, 15,802 bp in length, was determined and annotated in this study. The mito-genome included 13 PCGs, 20 tRNAs and 2 rRNAs. Unlike most typical mito-genomes with conservative gene arrangement and exceptional economic organization, E. splendens mito-genome has two tRNAs (tRNA-Gln and tRNA-Met) absence and a long intergenic spacer sequence (93 bp) between tRNA-Val and srRNA, showing the diversified features of insect mito-genomes. This is the first report of the tRNAs deletion in blattarian mito-genomes and we supported the duplication/random loss model as the origin mechanism of the long intergenic spacer. Two Numts, Numt-1 (557 bp) and Numt-2 (975 bp) transferred to the nucleus at about 14.15 Ma to 22.34 Ma, and 19.19 Ma to 24.06 Ma respectively, were found in E. splendens. They can be used as molecular fossils in insect phylogenetic relationship inference. Our study provided useful data for further studies on the evolution of insect mito-genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenzhen Hou
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinnan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medicinal Periplaneta Americana, Sichuan Gooddoctor Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenjuan Zeng
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medicinal Periplaneta Americana, Sichuan Gooddoctor Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bisong Yue
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiuyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail:
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Monti M, Redi C, Capanna E. Genome size evaluations in cockroaches: new entries. Eur J Histochem 2022; 66. [PMID: 35332752 PMCID: PMC8992379 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2022.3400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we report genome size (GS) values for nine cockroaches (order Blattodea, families Blattidae, Blaberidae and Ectobiidae, ex Blattelidae), three of which are original additions to the ten already present in the GS database: the death’s head roach (Blaberus craniifer), the Surinam cockroach (Pycnoscelus surinamensis) and the Madeira cockroach (Leucophaea maderae). Regarding the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana), the GS database contains two contrasting values (2.72 vs 3.41 pg); likely, the 2.72 pg value is the correct one as it is strikingly similar to our sperm DNA content evaluation (2.80 ± 0.11 pg). Also, we suggest halving the published GS of the Argentine cockroach Blaptica dubia and the spotted cockroach (the gray cockroach) Nauphoeta cinerea discussing i) the occurrence of a correlation between increasing 2n chromosome number and GS within the order Blattodea; and ii) the possible occurrence of a polyploidization phenomenon doubling a basic GS of 0.58 pg of some termite families (superfamily Blattoidea, epifamily Termitoidae).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Monti
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Histology and Embryology Unit, University of Pavia.
| | - CarloAlberto Redi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia.
| | - Ernesto Capanna
- Department of Animal Biology "Agostino Bassi", "La Sapienza" University of Rome.
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Yu DN, Yu PP, Zhang LP, Storey KB, Gao XY, Zhang JY. Increasing 28 mitogenomes of Ephemeroptera, Odonata and Plecoptera support the Chiastomyaria hypothesis with three different outgroup combinations. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11402. [PMID: 34221707 PMCID: PMC8231340 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phylogenetic relationships of Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) and Ephemeroptera (mayflies) remain unresolved. Different researchers have supported one of three hypotheses (Palaeoptera, Chiastomyaria or Metapterygota) based on data from different morphological characters and molecular markers, sometimes even re-assessing the same transcriptomes or mitochondrial genomes. The appropriate choice of outgroups and more taxon sampling is thought to eliminate artificial phylogenetic relationships and obtain an accurate phylogeny. Hence, in the current study, we sequenced 28 mt genomes from Ephemeroptera, Odonata and Plecoptera to further investigate phylogenetic relationships, the probability of each of the three hypotheses, and to examine mt gene arrangements in these species. We selected three different combinations of outgroups to analyze how outgroup choice affected the phylogenetic relationships of Odonata and Ephemeroptera. METHODS Mitochondrial genomes from 28 species of mayflies, dragonflies, damselflies and stoneflies were sequenced. We used Bayesian inference (BI) and Maximum likelihood (ML) analyses for each dataset to reconstruct an accurate phylogeny of these winged insect orders. The effect of outgroup choice was assessed by separate analyses using three outgroups combinations: (a) four bristletails and three silverfish as outgroups, (b) five bristletails and three silverfish as outgroups, or (c) five diplurans as outgroups. RESULTS Among these sequenced mitogenomes we found the gene arrangement IMQM in Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera), and an inverted and translocated tRNA-Ile between the 12S RNA gene and the control region in Ephemerellidae (Ephemeroptera). The IMQM gene arrangement in Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera) can be explained via the tandem-duplication and random loss model, and the transposition and inversion of tRNA-Ile genes in Ephemerellidae can be explained through the recombination and tandem duplication-random loss (TDRL) model. Our phylogenetic analysis strongly supported the Chiastomyaria hypothesis in three different outgroup combinations in BI analyses. The results also show that suitable outgroups are very important to determining phylogenetic relationships in the rapid evolution of insects especially among Ephemeroptera and Odonata. The mt genome is a suitable marker to investigate the phylogeny of inter-order and inter-family relationships of insects but outgroup choice is very important for deriving these relationships among winged insects. Hence, we must carefully choose the correct outgroup in order to discuss the relationships of Ephemeroptera and Odonata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Na Yu
- Key Lab of Wildlife Biotechnology, Conservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pan-Pan Yu
- The Department of Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Le-Ping Zhang
- The Department of Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Xin-Yan Gao
- The Department of Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia-Yong Zhang
- Key Lab of Wildlife Biotechnology, Conservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
- The Department of Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
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Phylosymbiosis across Deeply Diverging Lineages of Omnivorous Cockroaches (Order Blattodea). Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.02513-19. [PMID: 31953337 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02513-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is shaped by both host diet and host phylogeny. However, separating the relative influence of these two factors over long periods of evolutionary time is often difficult. We conducted a 16S rRNA gene amplicon-based survey of the gut microbiome from 237 individuals and 19 species of omnivorous cockroaches from the order Blattodea. The order Blattodea represents an ancient lineage of insects that emerged over 300 million years ago, have a diverse gut microbiota, and have a typically gregarious lifestyle. All cockroaches shared a broadly similar gut microbiota, with 66 microbial families present across all species and 13 present in every individual examined. Although our network analysis of the cockroach gut microbiome showed a large amount of connectivity, we demonstrated that gut microbiota cluster strongly by host species. We conducted follow-up tests to determine if cockroaches exhibit phylosymbiosis, or the tendency of host-associated microbial communities to parallel the phylogeny of related host species. Across the full data set, gut microbial community similarity was not found to correlate with host phylogenetic distance. However, a weak but significant phylosymbiotic signature was observed using the matching cluster metric, which allows for localized changes within a phylogenetic tree that are more likely to occur over long evolutionary distances. This finding suggests that host phylogeny plays a large role in structuring the cockroach gut microbiome over shorter evolutionary distances and a weak but significant role in shaping the gut microbiome over extended periods of evolutionary time.IMPORTANCE The gut microbiome plays a key role in host health. Therefore, it is important to understand the evolution of the gut microbiota and how it impacts, and is impacted by, host evolution. In this study, we explore the relationship between host phylogeny and gut microbiome composition in omnivorous, gregarious cockroaches within the Blattodea order, an ancient lineage that spans 300 million years of evolutionary divergence. We demonstrate a strong relationship between host species identity and gut microbiome composition and found a weaker but significant role for host phylogeny in determining microbiome similarity over extended periods of evolutionary time. This study advances our understanding of the role of host phylogeny in shaping the gut microbiome over different evolutionary distances.
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Wei P, Xie X, Wang R, Zhang J, Li F, Luo Z, Wang Z, Wu M, Yang J, Cao P. Genetic Diversity of Blattella germanica Isolates from Central China based on Mitochondrial Genes. Curr Bioinform 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1574893614666190204153041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Blattella germanica is a widespread urban invader insect that can spread
numerous types of human pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Despite the medical
significance of B. germanica, the genetic diversity of this species has not been investigated across
its wide geographical distribution in China.
Objective:
In this study, the genetic variation of B. germanica was evaluated in central China.
Methods:
Fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and the 16S
rRNA gene were amplified in 36 B. germanica isolates from 7 regions. The sequence data for COI
and 16S rRNA genes were analyzed using bioinformatics methods.
Results:
In total, 13 haplotypes were found among the concatenated sequences. Each sampled
population, and the total population, had high haplotype diversity (Hd) that was accompanied by
low nucleotide diversity (Pi). Molecular genetic variation analysis indicated that 84.33% of the genetic
variation derived from intra-region sequences. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the B.
germanica isolates from central China should be classified as a single population. Demographic
analysis rejected the hypothesis of sudden population expansion of the B. germanica population.
Conclusion:
The 36 isolates of B. germanica sampled in this study had high genetic variation and
belonged to the same species. They should be classified as a single population. The mismatch distribution
analysis and BSP analysis did not support a demographic population expansion of the B.
germanica population, which provided useful knowledge for monitoring changes in parasite populations
for future control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wei
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - XiaoDong Xie
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ran Wang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - JianFeng Zhang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Feng Li
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - ZhaoPeng Luo
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - MingZhu Wu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jun Yang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - PeiJian Cao
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Tvedte ES, Logsdon JM, Forbes AA. Sex loss in insects: causes of asexuality and consequences for genomes. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 31:77-83. [PMID: 31109677 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Boasting a staggering diversity of reproductive strategies, insects provide attractive models for the comparative study of the causes and consequences of transitions to asexuality. We provide an overview of some contemporary studies of reproductive systems in insects and compile an initial database of asexual insect genome resources. Insect systems have already yielded some important insights into various mechanisms by which sex is lost, including genetic, endosymbiont-mediated, and hybridization. Studies of mutation and substitution after loss of sex provide the strongest empirical support for hypothesized effects of asexuality, whereas there is mixed evidence for ecological hypotheses such as increased parasite load and altered niche breadth in asexuals. Most hypotheses have been explored in a select few taxa (e.g. stick insects, aphids), such that much of the great taxonomic breadth of insects remain understudied. Given the variation in the proximate causes of asexuality in insects, we argue for expanding the taxonomic breadth of study systems. Despite some challenges for investigating sex in insects, the increasing cost-effectiveness of genomic sequencing makes data generation for closely-related asexual and sexual lineages increasingly feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Tvedte
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - John M Logsdon
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Andrew A Forbes
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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Li Q, Xu C, Wang C, Liu G. The complete mitochondrial genome of red-clawed crab Chiromantes haematochir (Sesarmidae: Grapsidae). MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2018; 4:53-54. [PMID: 33365416 PMCID: PMC7510750 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2018.1536452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The complete mitogenome of Chiromantes haematocheir is 15 899 bp in length contains the typical set of 37 genes, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) (ATP6, ATP8, COI-III, ND1-6, ND4L, and Cyt b), two rRNAs (12S rRNA and 16S rRNA), 22 tRNAs, and a putative CR (D-loop). All PCGs start with an ATG codon except ND1 start with ATT and ND3 start with ATA. TAA is the most frequent stop codon, although COI end with TA-, and COII stop with the single nucleotide T-. The new mtDNA sequence contains 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA of rRNAs, separated with tRNAval. All tRNAs possess the typical clover leaf secondary structure except for tRNASer(AGN) and tRNALeu(CUN), which lacks a dihydroxyuridine (DHU) arm. The CR is 826 bp in length, located between 12S rRNA and tRNAGlx. The phylogenetic trees support Chiromantes haematochir has close relative with Sesarmops sinensis and Sesarmane glectum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyue Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Caoling Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Chong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Gang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R. China
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Li J, Zhu JL, Lou SD, Wang P, Zhang YS, Wang L, Yin RC, Zhang PP. The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Coptotermes 'suzhouensis' (syn. Coptotermes formosanus) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) and Molecular Phylogeny Analysis. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2018; 18:4926003. [PMID: 29718488 PMCID: PMC5846291 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iey018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Coptotermes suzhouensis (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) is a significant subterranean termite pest of wooden structures and is widely distributed in southeastern China. The complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of C. suzhouensis was analyzed in this study. The mitogenome was a circular molecule of 15,764 bp in length, which contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and an A+T-rich region with a gene arrangement typical of Isoptera mitogenomes. All PCGs were initiated by ATN codons and terminated by complete termination codons (TAA), except COX2, ND5, and Cytb, which ended with an incomplete termination codon T. All tRNAs displayed a typical clover-leaf structure, except for tRNASer(AGN), which did not contain the stem-loop structure in the DHU arm. The A+T content (69.23%) of the A+T-rich region (949 bp) was higher than that of the entire mitogenome (65.60%), and two different sets of repeat units (A+B) were distributed in this region. Comparison of complete mitogenome sequences with those of Coptotermes formosanus indicated that the two taxa have very high genetic similarity. Forty-one representative termite species were used to construct phylogenetic trees by maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods. The phylogenetic analyses also strongly supported (BPP, MLBP, and MPBP = 100%) that all C. suzhouensis and C. formosanus samples gathered into one clade with genetic distances between 0.000 and 0.002. This study provides molecular evidence for a more robust phylogenetic position of C. suzhouensis and inferrs that C. suzhouensis was the synonymy of C. formosanus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jin-long Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shi-di Lou
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - You-sen Zhang
- Hefei Termite Control Institute, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ruo-chun Yin
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ping-ping Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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The Complete Mitogenome of the Wood-Feeding Cockroach Cryptocercus meridianus (Blattodea: Cryptocercidae) and Its Phylogenetic Relationship among Cockroach Families. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112397. [PMID: 29137151 PMCID: PMC5713365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Cryptocercus meridianus was sequenced. The circular mitochondrial genome is 15,322 bp in size and contains 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes (12S rRNA and 16S rRNA), 22 transfer RNA genes, and one D-loop region. We compare the mitogenome of C. meridianus with that of C. relictus and C. kyebangensis. The base composition of the whole genome was 45.20%, 9.74%, 16.06%, and 29.00% for A, G, C, and T, respectively; it shows a high AT content (74.2%), similar to the mitogenomes of C. relictus and C. kyebangensis. The protein-coding genes are initiated with typical mitochondrial start codons except for cox1 with TTG. The gene order of the C. meridianus mitogenome differs from the typical insect pattern for the translocation of tRNA-SerAGN, while the mitogenomes of the other two Cryptocercus species, C. relictus and C. kyebangensis, are consistent with the typical insect pattern. There are two very long non-coding intergenic regions lying on both sides of the rearranged gene tRNA-SerAGN. The phylogenetic relationships were constructed based on the nucleotide sequence of 13 protein-coding genes and two ribosomal RNA genes. The mitogenome of C. meridianus is the first representative of the order Blattodea that demonstrates rearrangement, and it will contribute to the further study of the phylogeny and evolution of the genus Cryptocercus and related taxa.
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11
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Sun Y, Liu D, Xiao B, Jiang G. The comparative mitogenomics and phylogenetics of the two grouse-grasshoppers (Insecta, Orthoptera, Tetrigoidea). Biol Res 2017; 50:34. [PMID: 28982393 PMCID: PMC5629798 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-017-0132-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to reveal the mitochondrial genomes (mtgenomes) of Tetrix japonica and Alulatettix yunnanensis, and the phylogenetics of Orthoptera species. METHODS The mtgenomes of A. yunnanensis and T. japonica were firstly sequenced and assembled through partial sequences amplification, and then the genome organization and gene arrangement were analyzed. Based on nucleotide/amino acid sequences of 13 protein-coding genes and whole mtgenomes, phylogenetic trees were established on 37 Orthoptera species and 5 outgroups, respectively. RESULTS Except for a regulation region (A+T rich region), a total of 37 genes were found in mtgenomes of T. japonica and A. yunnanensis, including 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes, which exhibited similar characters with other Orthoptera species. Phylogenetic tree based on 13 concatenated protein-coding nucleotide sequences were considered to be more suitable for phylogenetic reconstruction of Orthoptera species than amino acid sequences and mtgenomes. The phylogenetic relationships of Caelifera species were Acridoidea and Pamphagoidea > Pyrgomorphoidea > Pneumoroidea > Eumastacoidea > Tetrigoidea > Tridactyloidea. Besides, a sister-group relationship between Tettigonioidea and Rhaphidophoroidea was revealed in Ensifera. CONCLUSION Concatenated protein-coding nucleotide sequences of 13 genes were suitable for reconstruction of phylogenetic relationship in orthopteroid species. Tridactyloidea was a sister group of Tetrigoidea in Caelifera, and Rhaphidophoroidea was a sister group of Tettigonioidea in Ensifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Sun
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu China
| | - Dianfeng Liu
- Department of Bioengineering and Food Engineering, Puyang Vocational & Technical Institute, Puyang, 457000 Henan China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Ecology and Pollution Control of Coastal Wetlands, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, No.9, Yingbin Road, Yancheng, 224051 Jiangsu China
| | - Guofang Jiang
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000 Fujian China
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Ma J, Du C, Zhou C, Sheng Y, Fan Z, Yue B, Zhang X. Complete mitochondrial genomes of two blattid cockroaches, Periplaneta australasiae and Neostylopyga rhombifolia, and phylogenetic relationships within the Blattaria. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177162. [PMID: 28486518 PMCID: PMC5423650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of two cockroach species, Periplaneta australasiae and Neostylopyga rhombifolia, 15,605 bp and 15,711 bp in length, respectively, were determined. As reported for other cockroach mitogenomes, the two mitogenomes possessed typical ancestral insect mitogenome gene composition and arrangement. Only several small intergenic spacers were found: one, which was common in all sequenced cockroach mitogenomes except for the genus Cryptocercus, was between tRNA-Ser (UCN) and ND1 and contained a 7bp highly conserved motif (WACTTAA). Three different types of short tandem repeats in the N. rhombifolia control region (CR) were observed. The homologous alignments of these tandem repeats with other six cockroach mitogenome CRs revealed a low similarity. Three conserved sequence blocks (CSB) were detected in both cockroach mitochondrial CRs. CSB1 was specific for blattinine mitogenomes and was highly conserved with 95% similarity, speculating that this block was a possible molecular synapomorphy for this subfamily. CSB3 located nearby downstream of CSB1 and has more variations within blattinine mitogenomes compared with CSB1. The CSB3 was capable of forming stable stem-loop structure with a small T-stretch in the loop portion. We assessed the influence of four datasets and two inference methods on topology within Orthopteroidea. All genes excluding the third codon positions of PCGs could generate more stable topology, and higher posterior probabilities than bootstrap values were presented at some branch nodes. The phylogenetic analysis with different datasets and analytical methods supported the monophyly of Dictyoptera and supported strongly the proposal that Isoptera should be classified as a family (Termitidae) of the Blattaria. Specifically, Shelfordella lateralis was inserted in the clade Periplaneta. Considering the K2P genetic distance, morphological characters, and the phylogenetic trees, we suggested that S. lateralis should be placed in the genus Periplaneta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinnan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Du
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuang Zhou
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongmei Sheng
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medicinal American Cockroach, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenxin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bisong Yue
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiuyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail:
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Che Y, Gui S, Lo N, Ritchie A, Wang Z. Species Delimitation and Phylogenetic Relationships in Ectobiid Cockroaches (Dictyoptera, Blattodea) from China. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169006. [PMID: 28046038 PMCID: PMC5207705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We collected Ectobiidae cockroach specimens from 44 locations in the south of the Yangtze valley. We obtained 297 COI sequences specimens and carried out phylogenetic and divergence dating analyses, as well as species delimitation analysis using a General Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) framework. The intraspecific and interspecific sequence divergence in Ectobiidae cockroaches ranged from 0.0 to 7.0% and 4.6 to 30.8%, respectively. GMYC analysis resulted in 53 (confidence interval: 37-65) entities (likelihood ratio = 103.63) including 14 downloaded species. The COI GMYC groups partly corresponded to the ectobiid species and 52 ectobiid species were delimited successfully based on the combination of GMYC result with morphological information. We used the molecular data and 6 cockroach fossil calibrations to obtain a preliminary estimate of the timescale of ectobiid evolution. The major subfamilies in the group were found to have diverged between ~125-110 Ma, and morphospecies pairs were found to have diverged ~10 or more Ma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Che
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, P. R. China
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shunhua Gui
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Nathan Lo
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Ritchie
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zongqing Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, P. R. China
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Cheng XF, Zhang LP, Yu DN, Storey KB, Zhang JY. The complete mitochondrial genomes of four cockroaches (Insecta: Blattodea) and phylogenetic analyses within cockroaches. Gene 2016; 586:115-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kim IW, Lee JH, Subramaniyam S, Yun EY, Kim I, Park J, Hwang JS. De Novo Transcriptome Analysis and Detection of Antimicrobial Peptides of the American Cockroach Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155304. [PMID: 27167617 PMCID: PMC4864078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cockroaches are surrogate hosts for microbes that cause many human diseases. In spite of their generally destructive nature, cockroaches have recently been found to harbor potentially beneficial and medically useful substances such as drugs and allergens. However, genomic information for the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) is currently unavailable; therefore, transcriptome and gene expression profiling is needed as an important resource to better understand the fundamental biological mechanisms of this species, which would be particularly useful for the selection of novel antimicrobial peptides. Thus, we performed de novo transcriptome analysis of P. americana that were or were not immunized with Escherichia coli. Using an Illumina HiSeq sequencer, we generated a total of 9.5 Gb of sequences, which were assembled into 85,984 contigs and functionally annotated using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database terms. Finally, using an in silico antimicrobial peptide prediction method, 86 antimicrobial peptide candidates were predicted from the transcriptome, and 21 of these peptides were experimentally validated for their antimicrobial activity against yeast and gram positive and -negative bacteria by a radial diffusion assay. Notably, 11 peptides showed strong antimicrobial activities against these organisms and displayed little or no cytotoxic effects in the hemolysis and cell viability assay. This work provides prerequisite baseline data for the identification and development of novel antimicrobial peptides, which is expected to provide a better understanding of the phenomenon of innate immunity in similar species.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Woo Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
- College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ha Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Eun-Young Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Iksoo Kim
- College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyung Park
- Insilicogen, Inc., Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sam Hwang
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
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Liu G, Liu M, Hui W, Chen C, Zhang Y. Complete mitochondrial genome of Polyphaga plancyi (Blattaria: Polyphagidae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2016; 1:625-626. [PMID: 33473575 PMCID: PMC7799990 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2016.1214545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome of Polyphaga plancyi is a 15,547 bp circular molecule, which contains 37 typical mitochondrial genes (13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNAs and 22 tRNAs) and a 854 bp D-loop. Its gene arrangement pattern is identical with typical other cockroaches. All protein-coding genes start with an ATG codon except COI, ND3, ND5, ND4, ND4L ND6 and ND1. TAA is the most frequent stop codon, and TAG, GCA, TA- and T- are also occurred very common. The mtDNA sequence contains 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA of rRNA. Except for tRNASer(AGY) and tRNALeu(CUN) without the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm, all tRNAs could be folded into canonical cloverleaf secondary structures. The phylogenetic trees from the ML and BI analyses based on the complete mtDNA of nine cockroaches’ species, share similar topologies and high node support values. Polyphaga plancy has close relative with Eupolyphaga sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mengwei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenyu Hui
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chuanqin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yingyin Zhang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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17
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Jeon MG, Park YC. The complete mitogenome of the wood-feeding cockroachCryptocercus kyebangensis(Blattodea: Cryptocercidae) and phylogenetic relations among cockroach families. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2015.1105866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Xiao B, Cui LQ, Chen TM, Lian B. Stochastic effects in adaptive reconstruction of body damage: implied the creativity of natural selection. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:2521-9. [PMID: 26153081 PMCID: PMC4627558 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
After an injury occurs, mechanical/biochemical loads on muscles influence the composition and structure of recovering muscles; this effect likely occurs in other tissues, cells and biological molecules as well owing to the similarity, interassociation and interaction among biochemical reactions and molecules. The 'damage and reconstruction' model provides an explanation for how an ideal cytoarchitecture is created by reducing components not suitable for bearing loads; in this model, adaptive changes are induced by promoting the stochasticity of biochemical reactions. Biochemical and mechanical loads can direct the stochasticity of biochemical reactions, which can in turn induce cellular changes. Thus, mechanical and biochemical loads, under natural selection pressure, modify the direction of cell- and tissue-level changes and guide the formation of new structures and traits, thereby influencing microevolution. In summary, the 'damage and reconstruction' model accounts for the role of natural selection in the formation of new organisms, helps explain punctuated equilibrium, and illustrates how macroevolution arises from microevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Ecology and Pollution Control of Coastal Wetlands, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Li-Qiang Cui
- Key Laboratory for Ecology and Pollution Control of Coastal Wetlands, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Tian-Ming Chen
- Key Laboratory for Ecology and Pollution Control of Coastal Wetlands, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Bin Lian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Key Lab for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Jeong JE, Hwang HJ, Park HS, Cha HJ, Lee YS, Ock M. Analysis of German cockroach (Blattella germanica) expressed sequence tags. Genes Genomics 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-014-0247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Bourguignon T, Lo N, Cameron SL, Šobotník J, Hayashi Y, Shigenobu S, Watanabe D, Roisin Y, Miura T, Evans TA. The evolutionary history of termites as inferred from 66 mitochondrial genomes. Mol Biol Evol 2014; 32:406-21. [PMID: 25389205 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msu308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Termites have colonized many habitats and are among the most abundant animals in tropical ecosystems, which they modify considerably through their actions. The timing of their rise in abundance and of the dispersal events that gave rise to modern termite lineages is not well understood. To shed light on termite origins and diversification, we sequenced the mitochondrial genome of 48 termite species and combined them with 18 previously sequenced termite mitochondrial genomes for phylogenetic and molecular clock analyses using multiple fossil calibrations. The 66 genomes represent most major clades of termites. Unlike previous phylogenetic studies based on fewer molecular data, our phylogenetic tree is fully resolved for the lower termites. The phylogenetic positions of Macrotermitinae and Apicotermitinae are also resolved as the basal groups in the higher termites, but in the crown termitid groups, including Termitinae + Syntermitinae + Nasutitermitinae + Cubitermitinae, the position of some nodes remains uncertain. Our molecular clock tree indicates that the lineages leading to termites and Cryptocercus roaches diverged 170 Ma (153-196 Ma 95% confidence interval [CI]), that modern Termitidae arose 54 Ma (46-66 Ma 95% CI), and that the crown termitid group arose 40 Ma (35-49 Ma 95% CI). This indicates that the distribution of basal termite clades was influenced by the final stages of the breakup of Pangaea. Our inference of ancestral geographic ranges shows that the Termitidae, which includes more than 75% of extant termite species, most likely originated in Africa or Asia, and acquired their pantropical distribution after a series of dispersal and subsequent diversification events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bourguignon
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nathan Lo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen L Cameron
- Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jan Šobotník
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Yoshinobu Hayashi
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shuji Shigenobu
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Dai Watanabe
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yves Roisin
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Toru Miura
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Theodore A Evans
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Chen SC, Wei DD, Shao R, Shi JX, Dou W, Wang JJ. Evolution of multipartite mitochondrial genomes in the booklice of the genus Liposcelis (Psocoptera). BMC Genomics 2014; 15:861. [PMID: 25282613 PMCID: PMC4197233 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genus Liposcelis (Psocoptera: Troctomorpha) has more than 120 species with a worldwide distribution and they pose a risk for global food security. The organization of mitochondrial (mt) genomes varies between the two species of booklice investigated in the genus Liposcelis. Liposcelis decolor has its mt genes on a single chromosome, like most other insects; L. bostrychophila, however, has a multipartite mt genome with genes on two chromosomes. RESULTS To understand how multipartite mt genome organization evolved in the genus Liposcelis, we sequenced the mt genomes of L. entomophila and L. paeta in this study. We found that these two species of booklice also have multipartite mt genomes, like L. bostrychophila, with the mt genes we identified on two chromosomes. Numerous pseudo mt genes and non-coding regions were found in the mt genomes of these two booklice, and account for 30% and 10% respectively of the entire length we sequenced. In L. bostrychophila, the mt genes are distributed approximately equally between the two chromosomes. In L. entomophila and L. paeta, however, one mt chromosome has most of the genes we identified whereas the other chromosome has largely pseudogenes and non-coding regions. L. entomophila and L. paeta differ substantially from each other and from L. bostrychophila in gene content and gene arrangement in their mt chromosomes. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate unusually fast evolution in mt genome organization in the booklice of the genus Liposcelis, and reveal different patterns of mt genome fragmentation among L. bostrychophila, L. entomophila and L. paeta.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P, R, China.
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Wipfler B, Klug R, Ge SQ, Bai M, Göbbels J, Yang XK, Hörnschemeyer T. The thorax of Mantophasmatodea, the morphology of flightlessness, and the evolution of the neopteran insects. Cladistics 2014; 31:50-70. [DOI: 10.1111/cla.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Wipfler
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100101 China
| | - Rebecca Klug
- Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institut für Zoologie und Anthropologie; Universität Göttingen; Berliner Straße 28 Göttingen 37073 Germany
| | - Si-Qin Ge
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100101 China
| | - Ming Bai
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100101 China
| | - Jürgen Göbbels
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung Berlin; Unter den Eichen 87 Berlin 12205 Germany
| | - Xing-Ke Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100101 China
| | - Thomas Hörnschemeyer
- Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institut für Zoologie und Anthropologie; Universität Göttingen; Berliner Straße 28 Göttingen 37073 Germany
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Cameron SL. Insect mitochondrial genomics: implications for evolution and phylogeny. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2013; 59:95-117. [PMID: 24160435 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-011613-162007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 879] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial (mt) genome is, to date, the most extensively studied genomic system in insects, outnumbering nuclear genomes tenfold and representing all orders versus very few. Phylogenomic analysis methods have been tested extensively, identifying compositional bias and rate variation, both within and between lineages, as the principal issues confronting accurate analyses. Major studies at both inter- and intraordinal levels have contributed to our understanding of phylogenetic relationships within many groups. Genome rearrangements are an additional data type for defining relationships, with rearrangement synapomorphies identified across multiple orders and at many different taxonomic levels. Hymenoptera and Psocodea have greatly elevated rates of rearrangement offering both opportunities and pitfalls for identifying rearrangement synapomorphies in each group. Finally, insects are model systems for studying aberrant mt genomes, including truncated tRNAs and multichromosomal genomes. Greater integration of nuclear and mt genomic studies is necessary to further our understanding of insect genomic evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L Cameron
- Earth, Environmental & Biological Sciences School, Science & Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia;
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Lisboa JT, Couto EDCG, Santos PP, Delabie JHC, Araujo PB. Terrestrial isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea) in termite nests (Blattodea: Termitidae) in a cocoa plantation in Brazil. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1676-06032013000300039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Various animals live in termite nests as secondary occupants. Among them are terrestrial isopods. We found five species of terrestrial isopods (Oniscidea) in 17 of 34 termite nests of Nasutitermes in a cocoa plantation near Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil (in 2 aging and 15 abandoned nests). The 14 active, 1 aging and 2 abandoned nests bore no isopods. The oniscideans were Atlantoscia rubromarginata, an undescribed species of Atlantoscia (Philosciidae), Pudeoniscus birabeni, P. obscurus (Pudeoniscidae) and Neotroponiscus carolii (Bathytropidae). Of the 146 individuals collected, 122 were A. rubromarginata. Due to the absence of isopods in active nests, these terrestrial isopods are considered termitariophilous.
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Chen J, Pan T, Hu L, Ren L, Yu L, Zhang B. Mitochondrial genome of the Emberiza rustica (Emberizidae: Emberiza). MITOCHONDRIAL DNA 2013; 25:284-5. [PMID: 23795848 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2013.796459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Emberiza rustica, least concern species (IUCN), is a passerine bird in the bunting family with wide geographical range. The complete mitochondrial genome of E. rustica (16,798 bp in length) had been analyzed for building the database. Similar to the typical mtDNA of vertebrates, it contained 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes and 22 tRNA genes) and a non-coding region (D-loop). All the protein-coding genes in E. rustica were distributed on the H-strand, except for the ND6 subunit gene and 10 tRNA genes which were encoded on the L-strand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyun Chen
- Department of Life Science Huainan Normal University , Huainan, Anhui , China
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Chen AH. Complete mitochondrial genome of the double-striped cockroachBlattella bisignata(Insecta: Blattaria: Blaberoidea). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 24:14-6. [DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2012.710228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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