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Coulon S, Vaurs M. Telomeric Transcription and Telomere Rearrangements in Quiescent Cells. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:4220-4231. [PMID: 32061930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the condensed nature of terminal sequences, the telomeres are transcribed into a group of noncoding RNAs, including the TElomeric Repeat-containing RNA (TERRA). Since the discovery of TERRA, its evolutionary conserved function has been confirmed, and its involvement in telomere length regulation, heterochromatin establishment, and telomere recombination has been demonstrated. We previously reported that TERRA is upregulated in quiescent fission yeast cells, although the global transcription is highly reduced. Elevated telomeric transcription was also detected when telomeres detach from the nuclear periphery. These intriguing observations unveil unexpected facets of telomeric transcription in arrested cells. In this review, we present the different aspects of TERRA transcription during quiescence and discuss their implications for telomere maintenance and cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Coulon
- CNRS, INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Marseille, F-13009, France.
| | - Mélina Vaurs
- CNRS, INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Marseille, F-13009, France
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Maestroni L, Reyes C, Vaurs M, Gachet Y, Tournier S, Géli V, Coulon S. Nuclear envelope attachment of telomeres limits TERRA and telomeric rearrangements in quiescent fission yeast cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:3029-3041. [PMID: 31980821 PMCID: PMC7102995 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere anchoring to nuclear envelope (NE) is a key feature of nuclear genome architecture. Peripheral localization of telomeres is important for chromatin silencing, telomere replication and for the control of inappropriate recombination. Here, we report that fission yeast quiescent cells harbor predominantly a single telomeric cluster anchored to the NE. Telomere cluster association to the NE relies on Rap1-Bqt4 interaction, which is impacted by the length of telomeric sequences. In quiescent cells, reducing telomere length or deleting bqt4, both result in an increase in transcription of the telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA). In the absence of Bqt4, telomere shortening leads to deep increase in TERRA level and the concomitant formation of subtelomeric rearrangements (STEEx) that accumulate massively in quiescent cells. Taken together, our data demonstrate that Rap1-Bqt4-dependent telomere association to NE preserves telomere integrity in post-mitotic cells, preventing telomeric transcription and recombination. This defines the nuclear periphery as an area where recombination is restricted, creating a safe zone for telomeres of post-mitotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Maestroni
- CNRS, INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France. Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France
| | - Céline Reyes
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Mélina Vaurs
- CNRS, INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France. Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France
| | - Yannick Gachet
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Sylvie Tournier
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Géli
- CNRS, INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France. Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France
| | - Stéphane Coulon
- CNRS, INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France. Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France
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Harari Y, Gershon L, Alonso-Perez E, Klein S, Berneman Y, Choudhari K, Singh P, Sau S, Liefshitz B, Kupiec M. Telomeres and stress in yeast cells: When genes and environment interact. Fungal Biol 2019; 124:311-315. [PMID: 32389293 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres are structures composed of simple DNA repeats and specific proteins that protect the eukaryotic chromosomal ends from degradation, and facilitate the replication of the genome. They are central to the maintenance of the genome integrity, and play important roles in the development of cancer and in the process of aging in humans. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has greatly contributed to our understanding of basic telomere biology. Our laboratory has carried out systematic screen for mutants that affect telomere length, and identified ∼500 genes that, when mutated, affect telomere length. Remarkably, all ∼500 TLM (Telomere Length Maintenance) genes participate in a very tight homeostatic process, and it is enough to mutate one of them to change the steady-state telomere length. Despite this complex network of balances, it is also possible to change telomere length in yeast by applying several types of external stresses. We summarize our insights about the molecular mechanisms by which genes and environment interact to affect telomere length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaniv Harari
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Lihi Gershon
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Elisa Alonso-Perez
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Shir Klein
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Yael Berneman
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Karan Choudhari
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Pragyan Singh
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Soumitra Sau
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Batia Liefshitz
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Martin Kupiec
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Israel.
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TASks for subtelomeres: when nucleosome loss and genome instability are favored. Curr Genet 2019; 65:1153-1160. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-019-00986-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sagot I, Laporte D. Quiescence, an individual journey. Curr Genet 2019; 65:695-699. [PMID: 30649583 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-018-00928-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Quiescence is operationally characterized as a temporary and reversible proliferation arrest. There are many preconceived ideas about quiescence, quiescent cells being generally viewed as insignificant sleeping G1 cells. In fact, quiescence is central for organism physiology and its dysregulation involved in many pathologies. The quiescent state encompasses very diverse cellular situations depending on the cell type and its environment. This diversity challenges not only quiescence uniformity but also the universality of the molecular mechanisms beyond quiescence regulation. In this mini-perspective, we discuss recent advances in the concept of quiescence, and illustrate that this multifaceted cellular state is gaining increasing attention in many fields of biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Sagot
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5095, Université de Bordeaux, CS61390, Bordeaux Cedex, 33077, France.
| | - Damien Laporte
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5095, Université de Bordeaux, CS61390, Bordeaux Cedex, 33077, France
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