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Zhang Y, Zhang N, Gao C, Cheng Y, Guan Y, Wei C, Guan J. The Fungal Diversity and Potential Pathogens Associated with Postharvest Fruit Rot of 'Huangguan' Pear ( Pyrus bretschneideri) in Hebei Province, China. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:1382-1390. [PMID: 38115565 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-23-1528-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Postharvest fruit rot caused by pathogens is a serious problem in the pear industry. This study investigated the fungal diversity and main pathogens and identified a new pathogen in the stored 'Huangguan' pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.), the dominant pear variety in northern China. We sampled 20 refrigeration houses from five main producing regions in Hebei Province and used Illumina sequencing technology to detect the fungal composition. Alternaria (56.3%) was the most abundant fungus, followed by Penicillium (9.2%) and Monilinia (6.2%). We also isolated and identified nine strains of Alternaria and four strains of Penicillium. Moreover, we observed a new postharvest fruit disease in 'Huangguan' pear caused by Stemphylium eturmiunum, which was confirmed by phylogenetic analysis by combining the sequences of three conserved genes, including internal transcribed spacer, gapdh, and calmodulin. This study marks the first documentation of S. eturmiunum causing fruit rot in 'Huangguan' pears, offering valuable insights for identifying and controlling this newly identified postharvest disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Congcong Gao
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Yudou Cheng
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Yeqing Guan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Chuangqi Wei
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Junfeng Guan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
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Chen WC, Wei LL, Zheng HH, Zhang PC, Wang BR, Zhao WC, Lou TC, Wang J, Liu XL, Deng S, Wang XY, Chen CJ, Wei LH, Liu Y. Biological Characteristics and Molecular Mechanism of Procymidone Resistance in Stemphylium eturmiunum From Garlic. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:1951-1959. [PMID: 33044142 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-20-1764-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Garlic leaf blight caused by Stemphylium eturmiunum was first reported in Jiangsu Province in China. The dicarboximide fungicide (DCF) procymidone is reported to possess broad-spectrum action in inhibiting filamentous fungi and is widely used to control leaf disease of various plants. Of 41 Stemphylium eturmiunum isolates collected in this study from commercial garlic farms in Pizhou and Dafeng counties of Jiangsu Province, eight isolates were resistant to procymidone. The following three phenotypes were categorized according to in vitro responses to DCFs: sensitive, low resistance to iprodione and procymidone, and high resistance to all iprodione and procymidone. The fitness of all resistant isolates was decreased in accordance with data on mycelial growth, conidiation, and virulence. After treatment with 10 µg/ml of procymidone for 4 h, mycelial intracellular glycerol concentrations of resistant isolates were significantly lower than those of sensitive isolates. Positive cross-resistance was observed between dicarboximides and phenylpyrroles, but there was no cross-resistance between dicarboximides and fluazinam or difenoconazole in the two resistant phenotypes. Nucleotide sequence alignment of two-component histidine kinase genes from sensitive and resistant isolates indicated that amino acid mutations were located at the histidine kinase, adenylyl cyclase, methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein and at the phosphatase domain of the N-terminal region and the response regulator domain of the C-terminal region. To our knowledge, this is the first report of DCF resistance in Stemphylium eturmiunum, and these findings will help establish a rational strategy to manage DCF-resistant populations of Stemphylium eturmiunum in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ling-Ling Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huan-Huan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bing-Ran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei-Cheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tian-Cheng Lou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xia-Li Liu
- Food Inspection and Testing Institute of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
| | - Sheng Deng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Chang-Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Li-Hui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Qiqihar Sub-Academy of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, China
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Regulatory effects of nitric oxide on reproduction and melanin biosynthesis in onion pathogenic fungus Stemphylium eturmiunum. Fungal Biol 2021; 125:519-531. [PMID: 34140148 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The formation of propagules is the critical stage for transmission of the pathogenic fungus Stemphylium eturmiunum. However, how the development of these propagules is regulated remains to be fully understood. Here, we show that nitric oxide (NO) is necessary for reproduction in S. eturmiunum.Application of NO scavenger carboxy-CPTIO (cPTIO) or soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitor NS-2028 abolishes propagules formation, which was increased by a supplement of sodium nitroprusside (SNP). SNP supplement also triggered increased biosynthesis of melanin, which can be inhibited upon the addition of arbutin or tricyclazole, the specific inhibitors for DOPA and DHN synthetic pathway, respectively. Intriguingly, enhanced melanin biosynthesis corelates with an increased propagules formation; The SNP-induced increment propagules formation can be also compromised upon the supplement of cPTIO or NS-2028. RT-PCR analysis showed that SNP promoted transcription of brlA, abA and wetA at 0.2 mmol/L, but inhibited at 2 mmol/L. In contrast, SNP increased transcription of mat1, and mat2, and the synthetic genes for DHN and DOPA melanins at 2 mmol/L. However, the increased transcription of these genes is down-regulated upon the supplement of cPTIO or NS-2028. Thus, NO regulates reproduction and melanin synthesis in S. eturmiunum possibly through the NO-sGC-GMP signaling pathway.
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