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Omkar S, Mitchem MM, Hoskins JR, Shrader C, Kline JT, Nitika, Fornelli L, Wickner S, Truman AW. Acetylation of the yeast Hsp40 chaperone protein Ydj1 fine-tunes proteostasis and translational fidelity. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011338. [PMID: 39652584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 12/19/2024] [Accepted: 11/25/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteostasis, the maintenance of cellular protein balance, is essential for cell viability and is highly conserved across all organisms. Newly synthesized proteins, or "clients," undergo sequential processing by Hsp40, Hsp70, and Hsp90 chaperones to achieve proper folding and functionality. Despite extensive characterization of post-translational modifications (PTMs) on Hsp70 and Hsp90, the modifications on Hsp40 remain less understood. This study aims to elucidate the role of lysine acetylation on the yeast Hsp40, Ydj1. By mutating acetylation sites on Ydj1's J-domain to either abolish or mimic constitutive acetylation, we observed that preventing acetylation had no noticeable phenotypic impact, whereas acetyl-mimic mutants exhibited various defects indicative of impaired Ydj1 function. Proteomic analysis revealed several Ydj1 interactions affected by J-domain acetylation, notably with proteins involved in translation. Further investigation uncovered a novel role for Ydj1 acetylation in stabilizing ribosomal subunits and ensuring translational fidelity. Our data suggest that acetylation may facilitate the transfer of Ydj1 between Ssa1 and Hsp82. Collectively, this work highlights the critical role of Ydj1 acetylation in proteostasis and translational fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhi Omkar
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Megan M Mitchem
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joel R Hoskins
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Courtney Shrader
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jake T Kline
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Nitika
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Luca Fornelli
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Sue Wickner
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrew W Truman
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America
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2
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Smith A, Erber J, Watson A, Johnson C, Gato WE, George SB. The Physiological and Biochemical Response of Ribbed Mussels to Rising Temperatures: Benefits of Salt Marsh Cordgrass. Integr Org Biol 2024; 6:obae031. [PMID: 39282253 PMCID: PMC11398905 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obae031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Salt marsh ecosystems are heavily reliant on ribbed mussel (Geukensia demissa) populations to aid in rapid recovery from droughts. The focus of this study was thus to document the effects of rising temperatures on ribbed mussel populations in a Georgia salt marsh. Seven lab and eight field experiments were used to assess the effects of current air temperatures on mussels at two high marsh (HM) sites with short and sparse cordgrass and one mid marsh (MM) site with tall and dense cordgrass. Field results in 2018 and 2019 indicate that ribbed mussels were experiencing extremely high temperatures for prolonged periods of time at the landlocked high marsh (LHM) site. In 2018, the highest temperature (54°C) and longest high temperature events, HTEs (58 days), that is, consecutive days with temperatures ≥40°C, were recorded at this site. When laboratory temperatures were increased from 20 to 36°C, mean heart rates increased by an average of 19 bpm for mussels from both high and MM sites respectively. When field temperatures rose from 20°C in April to 40°C in September 2019, mean heart rates increased by an average of 10 bpm for HM mussels and by 26.3 bpm for MM mussels. Under identical laboratory and field conditions, mean heart rates for mussels from the LHM site with the highest temperatures, increased by <1 bpm and 3.7 bpm respectively. Evidence of the potential role of shade on mussel aggregates was provided by examining whether mussels from the edge of mussel aggregates with little to no cordgrass for shade were more stressed than those living at the center of mussel aggregates. In the absence of shade, mean body temperatures for mussels at the edge of mussel aggregates were up to 8°C higher than for those living in the center underneath a dense tuft of cordgrass. Despite high body temperatures, mean heart rates and Hsp70 gene expression were lower for mussels living at the edges. This agrees with the strategy that during prolong exposure to high temperatures, mussels may reduce their heart rate to conserve energy and enhance survival. Alternatively, heat-stressed mussels at the edges of aggregates may not have the resources to express high levels of Hsp70. Increase in the frequency, intensity, and duration of HTEs may stress the physiological and biochemical function of mussel populations to the limit, dictate mussel aggregate size, and threaten the functionality of SE salt marshes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Smith
- B iology Department, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA
| | - J Erber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA
| | - A Watson
- B iology Department, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA
| | - C Johnson
- B iology Department, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA
| | - W E Gato
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA
| | - S B George
- B iology Department, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA
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3
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Levitskaya Z, Ser Z, Koh H, Mei WS, Chee S, Sobota RM, Ghadessy JF. Engineering cell-free systems by chemoproteomic-assisted phenotypic screening. RSC Chem Biol 2024; 5:372-385. [PMID: 38576719 PMCID: PMC10989505 DOI: 10.1039/d4cb00004h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic screening is a valuable tool to both understand and engineer complex biological systems. We demonstrate the functionality of this approach in the development of cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) technology. Phenotypic screening identified numerous compounds that enhanced protein production in yeast lysate CFPS reactions. Notably, many of these were competitive ATP kinase inhibitors, with the exploitation of their inherent substrate promiscuity redirecting ATP flux towards heterologous protein expression. Chemoproteomic-guided strain engineering partially phenocopied drug effects, with a 30% increase in protein yield observed upon deletion of the ATP-consuming SSA1 component of the HSP70 chaperone. Moreover, drug-mediated metabolic rewiring coupled with template optimization generated the highest protein yields in yeast CFPS to date using a hitherto less efficient, but more cost-effective glucose energy regeneration system. Our approach highlights the utility of target-agnostic phenotypic screening and target identification to deconvolute cell-lysate complexity, adding to the expanding repertoire of strategies for improving CFPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarina Levitskaya
- Protein and Peptide Engineering and Research Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 8A Biomedical Grove Singapore 138648
| | - Zheng Ser
- Function Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 8A Biomedical Grove Singapore 138648
| | - Hiromi Koh
- Function Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 8A Biomedical Grove Singapore 138648
| | - Wang Shi Mei
- Function Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 8A Biomedical Grove Singapore 138648
| | - Sharon Chee
- Protein and Peptide Engineering and Research Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 8A Biomedical Grove Singapore 138648
| | - Radoslaw Mikolaj Sobota
- Function Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 8A Biomedical Grove Singapore 138648
| | - John F Ghadessy
- Protein and Peptide Engineering and Research Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 8A Biomedical Grove Singapore 138648
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4
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Teng W, Subsomwong P, Narita K, Nakane A, Asano K. Heat Shock Protein SSA1 Enriched in Hypoxic Secretome of Candida albicans Exerts an Immunomodulatory Effect via Regulating Macrophage Function. Cells 2024; 13:127. [PMID: 38247818 PMCID: PMC10814802 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogenic yeast that can survive in both normoxic and hypoxic environments. The involvement of C. albicans secretome on host biological processes has been demonstrated. However, the immunoregulatory function of C. albicans secretome released under hypoxic condition remains unclear. This study demonstrated the differences in cytokine responses and protein profiles between secretomes prepared under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, the immunoregulatory effects of heat shock protein SSA1(Ssa1), a protein candidate enriched in the hypoxic secretome, were investigated. Stimulation of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) with Ssa1 resulted in the significant production of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α as well as the significant expression of M2b macrophage markers (CD86, CD274 and tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 14), suggesting that C. albicans Ssa1 may promote macrophage polarization towards an M2b-like phenotype. Proteomic analysis of Ssa1-treated BMMs also revealed that Ssa1 reduced inflammation-related factors (IL-18-binding protein, IL-1 receptor antagonist protein, OX-2 membrane glycoprotein and cis-aconitate decarboxylase) and enhanced the proteins involved in anti-inflammatory response (CMRF35-like molecule 3 and macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor). Based on these results, we investigated the effect of Ssa1 on C. albicans infection and showed that Ssa1 inhibited the uptake of C. albicans by BMMs. Taken together, our results suggest that C. albicans alters its secretome, particularly by promoting the release of Ssa1, to modulate host immune response and survive under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Teng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; (W.T.); (P.S.)
| | - Phawinee Subsomwong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; (W.T.); (P.S.)
| | - Kouji Narita
- Insititue for Animal Experimentation, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan;
| | - Akio Nakane
- Department of Biopolymer and Health Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan;
| | - Krisana Asano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; (W.T.); (P.S.)
- Department of Biopolymer and Health Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan;
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5
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Farley FW, McCully RR, Maslo PB, Yu L, Sheff MA, Sadeghi H, Elion EA. Effects of HSP70 chaperones Ssa1 and Ssa2 on Ste5 scaffold and the mating mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289339. [PMID: 37851593 PMCID: PMC10584130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ste5 is a prototype of scaffold proteins that regulate activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades in all eukaryotes. Ste5 associates with many proteins including Gβγ (Ste4), Ste11 MAPKKK, Ste7 MAPKK, Fus3 and Kss1 MAPKs, Bem1, Cdc24. Here we show that Ste5 also associates with heat shock protein 70 chaperone (Hsp70) Ssa1 and that Ssa1 and its ortholog Ssa2 are together important for Ste5 function and efficient mating responses. The majority of purified overexpressed Ste5 associates with Ssa1. Loss of Ssa1 and Ssa2 has deleterious effects on Ste5 abundance, integrity, and localization particularly when Ste5 is expressed at native levels. The status of Ssa1 and Ssa2 influences Ste5 electrophoresis mobility and formation of high molecular weight species thought to be phosphorylated, ubiquitinylated and aggregated and lower molecular weight fragments. A Ste5 VWA domain mutant with greater propensity to form punctate foci has reduced predicted propensity to bind Ssa1 near the mutation sites and forms more punctate foci when Ssa1 Is overexpressed, supporting a dynamic protein quality control relationship between Ste5 and Ssa1. Loss of Ssa1 and Ssa2 reduces activation of Fus3 and Kss1 MAPKs and FUS1 gene expression and impairs mating shmoo morphogenesis. Surprisingly, ssa1, ssa2, ssa3 and ssa4 single, double and triple mutants can still mate, suggesting compensatory mechanisms exist for folding. Additional analysis suggests Ssa1 is the major Hsp70 chaperone for the mating and invasive growth pathways and reveals several Hsp70-Hsp90 chaperone-network proteins required for mating morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis W. Farley
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Ryan R. McCully
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Paul B. Maslo
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Sheff
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Homayoun Sadeghi
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Elaine A. Elion
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
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6
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Ciesielski SJ, Young C, Ciesielska EJ, Ciesielski GL. The Hsp70 and JDP proteins: Structure-function perspective on molecular chaperone activity. Enzymes 2023; 54:221-245. [PMID: 37945173 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are the most structurally diverse cellular biomolecules that act as molecular machines driving essential activities of all living organisms. To be functional, most of the proteins need to fold into a specific three-dimensional structure, which on one hand should be stable enough to oppose disruptive conditions and on the other hand flexible enough to allow conformational dynamics necessary for their biological functions. This compromise between stability and dynamics makes proteins susceptible to stress-induced misfolding and aggregation. Moreover, the folding process itself is intrinsically prone to conformational errors. Molecular chaperones are proteins that mitigate folding defects and maintain the structural integrity of the cellular proteome. Promiscuous Hsp70 chaperones are central to these processes and their activity depends on the interaction with obligatory J-domain protein (JDP) partners. In this review, we discuss structural aspects of Hsp70s, JDPs, and their interaction in the context of biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon J Ciesielski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States.
| | - Cameron Young
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Elena J Ciesielska
- Department of Chemistry, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL, United States; Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Grzegorz L Ciesielski
- Department of Chemistry, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL, United States; Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States
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7
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Hassell D, Denney A, Singer E, Benson A, Roth A, Ceglowski J, Steingesser M, McMurray M. Chaperone requirements for de novo folding of Saccharomyces cerevisiae septins. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar111. [PMID: 35947497 PMCID: PMC9635297 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-07-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymers of septin protein complexes play cytoskeletal roles in eukaryotic cells. The specific subunit composition within complexes controls functions and higher-order structural properties. All septins have globular GTPase domains. The other eukaryotic cytoskeletal NTPases strictly require assistance from molecular chaperones of the cytosol, particularly the cage-like chaperonins, to fold into oligomerization-competent conformations. We previously identified cytosolic chaperones that bind septins and influence the oligomerization ability of septins carrying mutations linked to human disease, but it was unknown to what extent wild-type septins require chaperone assistance for their native folding. Here we use a combination of in vivo and in vitro approaches to demonstrate chaperone requirements for de novo folding and complex assembly by budding yeast septins. Individually purified septins adopted nonnative conformations and formed nonnative homodimers. In chaperonin- or Hsp70-deficient cells, septins folded slower and were unable to assemble posttranslationally into native complexes. One septin, Cdc12, was so dependent on cotranslational chaperonin assistance that translation failed without it. Our findings point to distinct translation elongation rates for different septins as a possible mechanism to direct a stepwise, cotranslational assembly pathway in which general cytosolic chaperones act as key intermediaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hassell
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Ashley Denney
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Emily Singer
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Aleyna Benson
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Andrew Roth
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Julia Ceglowski
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Marc Steingesser
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Michael McMurray
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
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8
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Santiago A, Morano KA. Oxidation of two cysteines within yeast Hsp70 impairs proteostasis while directly triggering an Hsf1-dependent cytoprotective response. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102424. [PMID: 36030825 PMCID: PMC9508553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases affect millions of Americans every year. One factor linked to the formation of aggregates associated with these diseases is damage sustained to proteins by oxidative stress. Management of protein misfolding by the ubiquitous Hsp70 chaperone family can be modulated by modification of two key cysteines in the ATPase domain by oxidizing or thiol-modifying compounds. To investigate the biological consequences of cysteine modification on the Hsp70 Ssa1 in budding yeast, we generated cysteine null (cysteine to serine) and oxidomimetic (cysteine to aspartic acid) mutant variants of both C264 and C303 and demonstrate reduced ATP binding, hydrolysis, and protein folding properties in both the oxidomimetic and hydrogen peroxide–treated Ssa1. In contrast, cysteine nullification rendered Ssa1 insensitive to oxidative inhibition. Additionally, we determined the oxidomimetic ssa1-2CD (C264D, C303D) allele was unable to function as the sole Ssa1 isoform in yeast cells and also exhibited dominant negative effects on cell growth and viability. Ssa1 binds to and represses Hsf1, the major transcription factor controlling the heat shock response, and we found the oxidomimetic Ssa1 failed to stably interact with Hsf1, resulting in constitutive activation of the heat shock response. Consistent with our in vitro findings, ssa1-2CD cells were compromised for de novo folding, post-stress protein refolding, and in regulated degradation of a model terminally misfolded protein. Together, these findings pinpoint Hsp70 as a key link between oxidative stress and proteostasis, information critical to understanding cytoprotective systems that prevent and manage cellular insults underlying complex disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec Santiago
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at UTHealth Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kevin A Morano
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
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9
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Omkar S, Wani TH, Zheng B, Mitchem MM, Truman AW. The APE2 Exonuclease Is a Client of the Hsp70–Hsp90 Axis in Yeast and Mammalian Cells. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070864. [PMID: 35883419 PMCID: PMC9312491 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular chaperones such as Hsp70 and Hsp90 help fold and activate proteins in important signal transduction pathways that include DNA damage response (DDR). Previous studies have suggested that the levels of the mammalian APE2 exonuclease, a protein critical for DNA repair, may be dependent on chaperone activity. In this study, we demonstrate that the budding yeast Apn2 exonuclease interacts with molecular chaperones Ssa1 and Hsp82 and the co-chaperone Ydj1. Although Apn2 does not display a binding preference for any specific cytosolic Hsp70 or Hsp90 paralog, Ssa1 is unable to support Apn2 stability when present as the sole Ssa in the cell. Demonstrating conservation of this mechanism, the exonuclease APE2 also binds to Hsp70 and Hsp90 in mammalian cells. Inhibition of chaperone function via specific small molecule inhibitors results in a rapid loss of APE2 in a range of cancer cell lines. Taken together, these data identify APE2 and Apn2 as clients of the chaperone system in yeast and mammalian cells and suggest that chaperone inhibition may form the basis of novel anticancer therapies that target APE2-mediated processes.
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10
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Maitland MER, Lajoie GA, Shaw GS, Schild-Poulter C. Structural and Functional Insights into GID/CTLH E3 Ligase Complexes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5863. [PMID: 35682545 PMCID: PMC9180843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-subunit E3 ligases facilitate ubiquitin transfer by coordinating various substrate receptor subunits with a single catalytic center. Small molecules inducing targeted protein degradation have exploited such complexes, proving successful as therapeutics against previously undruggable targets. The C-terminal to LisH (CTLH) complex, also called the glucose-induced degradation deficient (GID) complex, is a multi-subunit E3 ligase complex highly conserved from Saccharomyces cerevisiae to humans, with roles in fundamental pathways controlling homeostasis and development in several species. However, we are only beginning to understand its mechanistic basis. Here, we review the literature of the CTLH complex from all organisms and place previous findings on individual subunits into context with recent breakthroughs on its structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E. R. Maitland
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada; (G.A.L.); (G.S.S.)
| | - Gilles A. Lajoie
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada; (G.A.L.); (G.S.S.)
| | - Gary S. Shaw
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada; (G.A.L.); (G.S.S.)
| | - Caroline Schild-Poulter
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada; (G.A.L.); (G.S.S.)
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11
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Omkar S, Truman AW. Feeling the heat: how chaperones deal with biomolecular condensates. Trends Biochem Sci 2022; 47:728-729. [PMID: 35490076 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Yoo et al. have uncovered the minimal requirements of chaperone-mediated dispersal of Pab1 biomolecular condensates. These studies expand our understanding of the uniqueness of co-chaperones and add to our fundamental understanding of the heat shock response in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhi Omkar
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Andrew W Truman
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
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12
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The C-terminal domain of Hsp70 is responsible for paralog-specific regulation of ribonucleotide reductase. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010079. [PMID: 35417483 PMCID: PMC9037926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hsp70 family of molecular chaperones is well-conserved and expressed in all organisms. In budding yeast, cells express four highly similar cytosolic Hsp70s Ssa1, 2, 3 and 4 which arose from gene duplication. Ssa1 and 2 are constitutively expressed while Ssa3 and 4 are induced upon heat shock. Recent evidence suggests that despite their amino acid similarity, these Ssas have unique roles in the cell. Here we examine the relative importance of Ssa1-4 in the regulation of the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase (RNR). We demonstrate that cells expressing either Ssa3 or Ssa4 as their sole Ssa are compromised for their resistance to DNA damaging agents and activation of DNA damage response (DDR)-regulated transcription. In addition, we show that the steady state levels and stability of RNR small subunits Rnr2 and Rnr4 are reduced in Ssa3 or Ssa4-expressing cells, a result of decreased Ssa-RNR interaction. Interaction between the Hsp70 co-chaperone Ydj1 and RNR is correspondingly decreased in cells only expressing Ssa3 and 4. Through studies of Ssa2/4 domain swap chimeras, we determined that the C-terminal domain of Ssas are the source of this functional specificity. Taking together, our work suggests a distinct role for Ssa paralogs in regulating DNA replication mediated by C-terminus sequence variation. Cells require molecular chaperones to fold proteins into their active conformation. A major mystery however is why cells express so many highly-related and apparently redundant Hsp70 paralogs. We examined the role of four Hsp70 paralogs in budding yeast (Ssa1, 2, 3 and 4) on the activity of the ribonucleotide reductase (RNR complex). Importantly, we demonstrate there is selectivity of RNR subunits for Ssa1 and Ssa2 subunits, which is dictated by the co-chaperone Ydj1. Taken together, our work provides new insight into the functional specificity of Hsp70 paralogs using a native client protein.
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13
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Liu D, Qin Z, Wei M, Kong D, Zheng Q, Bai S, Lin S, Zhang Z, Ma Y. Genome-Wide Analyses of Heat Shock Protein Superfamily Provide New Insights on Adaptation to Sulfide-Rich Environments in Urechis unicinctus (Annelida, Echiura). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2715. [PMID: 35269857 PMCID: PMC8910992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The intertidal zone is a transitional area of the land-sea continuum, in which physical and chemical properties vary during the tidal cycle and highly toxic sulfides are rich in sediments due to the dynamic regimes. As a typical species thriving in this habitat, Urechis unicinctus presents strong sulfide tolerance and is expected to be a model species for sulfide stress research. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) consist of a large group of highly conserved molecular chaperones, which play important roles in stress responses. In this study, we systematically analyzed the composition and expression of HSPs in U. unicinctus. A total of eighty-six HSP genes from seven families were identified, in which two families, including sHSP and HSP70, showed moderate expansion, and this variation may be related to the benthic habitat of the intertidal zone. Furthermore, expression analysis revealed that almost all the HSP genes in U. unicinctus were significantly induced under sulfide stress, suggesting that they may be involved in sulfide stress response. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) showed that 12 HSPs, including 5 sHSP and 4 HSP70 family genes, were highly correlated with the sulfide stress response which was distributed in steelblue and green modules. Our data indicate that HSPs, especially sHSP and HSP70 families, may play significant roles in response to sulfide stress in U. unicinctus. This systematic analysis provides valuable information for further understanding of the function of the HSP gene family for sulfide adaptation in U. unicinctus and contributes a better understanding of the species adaptation strategies of marine benthos in the intertidal zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danwen Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (D.L.); (Z.Q.); (M.W.); (D.K.); (Q.Z.); (S.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Zhenkui Qin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (D.L.); (Z.Q.); (M.W.); (D.K.); (Q.Z.); (S.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Maokai Wei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (D.L.); (Z.Q.); (M.W.); (D.K.); (Q.Z.); (S.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Dexu Kong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (D.L.); (Z.Q.); (M.W.); (D.K.); (Q.Z.); (S.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Qiaojun Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (D.L.); (Z.Q.); (M.W.); (D.K.); (Q.Z.); (S.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Shumiao Bai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (D.L.); (Z.Q.); (M.W.); (D.K.); (Q.Z.); (S.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Siyu Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (D.L.); (Z.Q.); (M.W.); (D.K.); (Q.Z.); (S.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (D.L.); (Z.Q.); (M.W.); (D.K.); (Q.Z.); (S.B.); (S.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Yubin Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (D.L.); (Z.Q.); (M.W.); (D.K.); (Q.Z.); (S.B.); (S.L.)
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14
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Differential Interactions of Molecular Chaperones and Yeast Prions. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8020122. [PMID: 35205876 PMCID: PMC8877571 DOI: 10.3390/jof8020122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an important model organism that is applied to study various aspects of eukaryotic cell biology. Prions in yeast are self-perpetuating heritable protein aggregates that can be leveraged to study the interaction between the protein quality control (PQC) machinery and misfolded proteins. More than ten prions have been identified in yeast, of which the most studied ones include [PSI+], [URE3], and [PIN+]. While all of the major molecular chaperones have been implicated in propagation of yeast prions, many of these chaperones differentially impact propagation of different prions and/or prion variants. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the life cycle of yeast prions and systematically review the effects of different chaperone proteins on their propagation. Our analysis clearly shows that Hsp40 proteins play a central role in prion propagation by determining the fate of prion seeds and other amyloids. Moreover, direct prion-chaperone interaction seems to be critically important for proper recruitment of all PQC components to the aggregate. Recent results also suggest that the cell asymmetry apparatus, cytoskeleton, and cell signaling all contribute to the complex network of prion interaction with the yeast cell.
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15
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Horianopoulos LC, Kronstad JW. Chaperone Networks in Fungal Pathogens of Humans. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:209. [PMID: 33809191 PMCID: PMC7998936 DOI: 10.3390/jof7030209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The heat shock proteins (HSPs) function as chaperones to facilitate proper folding and modification of proteins and are of particular importance when organisms are subjected to unfavourable conditions. The human fungal pathogens are subjected to such conditions within the context of infection as they are exposed to human body temperature as well as the host immune response. Herein, the roles of the major classes of HSPs are briefly reviewed and their known contributions in human fungal pathogens are described with a focus on Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus. The Hsp90s and Hsp70s in human fungal pathogens broadly contribute to thermotolerance, morphological changes required for virulence, and tolerance to antifungal drugs. There are also examples of J domain co-chaperones and small HSPs influencing the elaboration of virulence factors in human fungal pathogens. However, there are diverse members in these groups of chaperones and there is still much to be uncovered about their contributions to pathogenesis. These HSPs do not act in isolation, but rather they form a network with one another. Interactions between chaperones define their specific roles and enhance their protein folding capabilities. Recent efforts to characterize these HSP networks in human fungal pathogens have revealed that there are unique interactions relevant to these pathogens, particularly under stress conditions. The chaperone networks in the fungal pathogens are also emerging as key coordinators of pathogenesis and antifungal drug tolerance, suggesting that their disruption is a promising strategy for the development of antifungal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James W. Kronstad
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
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16
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Xu L, Zhang H, Cuskelly DD, Doyle S, Perrett S, Jones GW. Mutational analysis of the Hsp70 substrate-binding domain: Correlating molecular-level changes with in vivo function. Mol Microbiol 2021; 115:1262-1276. [PMID: 33341991 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hsp70 is an evolutionarily conserved chaperone involved in maintaining protein homeostasis during normal growth and upon exposure to stresses. Mutations in the β6/β7 region of the substrate-binding domain (SBD) disrupt the SBD hydrophobic core resulting in impairment of the heat-shock response and prion propagation in yeast. To elucidate the mechanisms behind Hsp70 loss of function due to disruption of the SBD, we undertook targeted mutational analysis of key residues in the β6/β7 region. We demonstrate the critical functional role of the F475 residue across yeast cytosolic Hsp70-Ssa family. We identify the size of the hydrophobic side chain at 475 as the key factor in maintaining SBD stability and functionality. The introduction of amino acid variants to either residue 475, or close neighbor 483, caused instability and cleavage of the Hsp70 SBD and subsequent degradation. Interestingly, we found that Hsp70-Ssa cleavage may occur through a vacuolar carboxypeptidase (Pep4)-dependent mechanism rather than proteasomal. Mutations at 475 and 483 result in compromised ATPase function, which reduces protein re-folding activity and contributes to depletion of cytosolic Hsp70 in vivo. The combination of reduced functionality and stability of Hsp70-Ssa results in yeast cells that are compromised in their stress response and cannot propagate the [PSI+ ] prion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linan Xu
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Hong Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Sean Doyle
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Sarah Perrett
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gary W Jones
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland.,Centre for Biomedical Science Research, School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Truman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Dimitra Bourboulia
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.
| | - Mehdi Mollapour
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.
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18
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Pechmann S. Programmed Trade-offs in Protein Folding Networks. Structure 2020; 28:1361-1375.e4. [PMID: 33053320 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Molecular chaperones as specialized protein quality control enzymes form the core of cellular protein homeostasis. How chaperones selectively interact with their substrate proteins thus allocate their overall limited capacity remains poorly understood. Here, I present an integrated analysis of sequence and structural determinants that define interactions of protein domains as the basic protein folding unit with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hsp70 Ssb. Structural homologs of single-domain proteins that differentially interact with Ssb for de novo folding were found to systematically differ in complexity of their folding landscapes, selective use of nonoptimal codons, and presence of short discriminative sequences, thus highlighting pervasive trade-offs in chaperone-assisted protein folding landscapes. However, short discriminative sequences were found to contribute by far the strongest signal toward explaining Ssb interactions. This observation suggested that some chaperone interactions may be directly programmed in the amino acid sequences rather than responding to folding challenges, possibly for regulatory advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Pechmann
- Département de biochimie, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
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19
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Wang J, Chen J, Hu Y, Ying SH, Feng MG. Roles of six Hsp70 genes in virulence, cell wall integrity, antioxidant activity and multiple stress tolerance of Beauveria bassiana. Fungal Genet Biol 2020; 144:103437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2020.103437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Oamen HP, Lau Y, Caudron F. Prion-like proteins as epigenetic devices of stress adaptation. Exp Cell Res 2020; 396:112262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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21
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Nitika, Porter CM, Truman AW, Truttmann MC. Post-translational modifications of Hsp70 family proteins: Expanding the chaperone code. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10689-10708. [PMID: 32518165 PMCID: PMC7397107 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.011666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells must be able to cope with the challenge of folding newly synthesized proteins and refolding those that have become misfolded in the context of a crowded cytosol. One such coping mechanism that has appeared during evolution is the expression of well-conserved molecular chaperones, such as those that are part of the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) family of proteins that bind and fold a large proportion of the proteome. Although Hsp70 family chaperones have been extensively examined for the last 50 years, most studies have focused on regulation of Hsp70 activities by altered transcription, co-chaperone "helper" proteins, and ATP binding and hydrolysis. The rise of modern proteomics has uncovered a vast array of post-translational modifications (PTMs) on Hsp70 family proteins that include phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, AMPylation, and ADP-ribosylation. Similarly to the pattern of histone modifications, the histone code, this complex pattern of chaperone PTMs is now known as the "chaperone code." In this review, we discuss the history of the Hsp70 chaperone code, its currently understood regulation and functions, and thoughts on what the future of research into the chaperone code may entail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitika
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Corey M Porter
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew W Truman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthias C Truttmann
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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22
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Serlidaki D, van Waarde MAWH, Rohland L, Wentink AS, Dekker SL, Kamphuis MJ, Boertien JM, Brunsting JF, Nillegoda NB, Bukau B, Mayer MP, Kampinga HH, Bergink S. Functional diversity between HSP70 paralogs caused by variable interactions with specific co-chaperones. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:7301-7316. [PMID: 32284329 PMCID: PMC7247296 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) chaperones play a central role in protein quality control and are crucial for many cellular processes, including protein folding, degradation, and disaggregation. Human HSP70s compose a family of 13 members that carry out their functions with the aid of even larger families of co-chaperones. A delicate interplay between HSP70s and co-chaperone recruitment is thought to determine substrate fate, yet it has been generally assumed that all Hsp70 paralogs have similar activities and are largely functionally redundant. However, here we found that when expressed in human cells, two highly homologous HSP70s, HSPA1A and HSPA1L, have opposing effects on cellular handling of various substrates. For example, HSPA1A reduced aggregation of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated protein variant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1)-A4V, whereas HSPA1L enhanced its aggregation. Intriguingly, variations in the substrate-binding domain of these HSP70s did not play a role in this difference. Instead, we observed that substrate fate is determined by differential interactions of the HSP70s with co-chaperones. Whereas most co-chaperones bound equally well to these two HSP70s, Hsp70/Hsp90-organizing protein (HOP) preferentially bound to HSPA1L, and the Hsp110 nucleotide-exchange factor HSPH2 preferred HSPA1A. The role of HSPH2 was especially crucial for the HSPA1A-mediated reduction in SOD1-A4V aggregation. These findings reveal a remarkable functional diversity at the level of the cellular HSP70s and indicate that this diversity is defined by their affinities for specific co-chaperones such as HSPH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina Serlidaki
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria A W H van Waarde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas Rohland
- Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne S Wentink
- Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Suzanne L Dekker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten J Kamphuis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey M Boertien
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanette F Brunsting
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadinath B Nillegoda
- Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Bernd Bukau
- Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias P Mayer
- Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Harm H Kampinga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Steven Bergink
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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23
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The Yeast Hsp70 Cochaperone Ydj1 Regulates Functional Distinction of Ssa Hsp70s in the Hsp90 Chaperoning Pathway. Genetics 2020; 215:683-698. [PMID: 32299842 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat-shock protein (Hsp) 90 assists in the folding of diverse sets of client proteins including kinases and growth hormone receptors. Hsp70 plays a major role in many Hsp90 functions by interacting and modulating conformation of its substrates before being transferred to Hsp90s for final maturation. Each eukaryote contains multiple members of the Hsp70 family. However, the role of different Hsp70 isoforms in Hsp90 chaperoning actions remains unknown. Using v-Src as an Hsp90 substrate, we examined the role of each of the four yeast cytosolic Ssa Hsp70s in regulating Hsp90 functions. We show that the strain expressing stress-inducible Ssa3 or Ssa4, and the not constitutively expressed Ssa1 or Ssa2, as the sole Ssa Hsp70 isoform reduces v-Src-mediated growth defects. The study shows that although different Hsp70 isoforms interact similarly with Hsp90s, v-Src maturation is less efficient in strains expressing Ssa4 as the sole Hsp70. We further show that the functional distinction between Ssa2 and Ssa4 is regulated by its C-terminal domain. Further studies reveal that Ydj1, which is known to assist substrate transfer to Hsp70s, interacts relatively weakly with Ssa4 compared with Ssa2, which could be the basis for poor maturation of the Hsp90 client in cells expressing stress-inducible Ssa4 as the sole Ssa Hsp70. The study thus reveals a novel role of Ydj1 in determining the functional distinction among Hsp70 isoforms with respect to the Hsp90 chaperoning action.
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Evaluation of the Role of Human DNAJAs in the Response to Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agents in a Yeast Model System. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9097638. [PMID: 32149145 PMCID: PMC7042521 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9097638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) play a crucial role in maintaining protein stability for cell survival during stress-induced insults. Overexpression of HSPs in cancer cells results in antiapoptotic activity contributing to cancer cell survival and restricting the efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy, which continues to play an important role in the treatment of many cancers, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). First-line therapy for TNBC includes anthracycline antibiotics, which are associated with serious dose-dependent side effects and the development of resistance. We previously identified YDJ1, which encodes a heat-shock protein 40 (HSP40), as an important factor in the cellular response to anthracyclines in yeast, with mutants displaying over 100-fold increased sensitivity to doxorubicin. In humans, the DNAJA HSP40s are homologues of YDJ1. To determine the role of DNAJAs in the cellular response to cytotoxic drugs, we investigated their ability to rescue ydj1Δ mutants from exposure to chemotherapeutic agents. Our results indicate that DNAJA1 and DNAJA2 provide effective protection, while DNAJA3 and DNAJA4 did not. The level of complementation was also dependent on the agent used, with DNAJA1 and DNAJA2 rescuing the ydj1Δ strain from doxorubicin, cisplatin, and heat shock. DNAJA3 and DNAJA4 did not rescue the ydj1Δ strain and interfered with the cellular response to stress when expressed in wild type background. DNAJA1 and DNAJA2 protect the cell from proteotoxic damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and are not required for repair of DNA double-strand breaks. These data indicate that the DNAJAs play a role in the protection of cells from ROS-induced cytotoxic stress.
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25
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Xu L, Nitika, Hasin N, Cuskelly DD, Wolfgeher D, Doyle S, Moynagh P, Perrett S, Jones GW, Truman AW. Rapid deacetylation of yeast Hsp70 mediates the cellular response to heat stress. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16260. [PMID: 31700027 PMCID: PMC6838335 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52545-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp70 is a highly conserved molecular chaperone critical for the folding of new and denatured proteins. While traditional models state that cells respond to stress by upregulating inducible HSPs, this response is relatively slow and is limited by transcriptional and translational machinery. Recent studies have identified a number of post-translational modifications (PTMs) on Hsp70 that act to fine-tune its function. We utilized mass spectrometry to determine whether yeast Hsp70 (Ssa1) is differentially modified upon heat shock. We uncovered four lysine residues on Ssa1, K86, K185, K354 and K562 that are deacetylated in response to heat shock. Mutation of these sites cause a substantial remodeling of the Hsp70 interaction network of co-chaperone partners and client proteins while preserving essential chaperone function. Acetylation/deacetylation at these residues alter expression of other heat-shock induced chaperones as well as directly influencing Hsf1 activity. Taken together our data suggest that cells may have the ability to respond to heat stress quickly though Hsp70 deacetylation, followed by a slower, more traditional transcriptional response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linan Xu
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Nitika
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, USA
| | - Naushaba Hasin
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, USA
| | - Daragh D Cuskelly
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Donald Wolfgeher
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Sean Doyle
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Paul Moynagh
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Sarah Perrett
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Gary W Jones
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
- Centre for Biomedical Science Research, School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Portland Building, City Campus, Leeds, LS1 3HE, United Kingdom.
| | - Andrew W Truman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, USA.
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26
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Takakuwa JE, Nitika, Knighton LE, Truman AW. Oligomerization of Hsp70: Current Perspectives on Regulation and Function. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:81. [PMID: 31555664 PMCID: PMC6742908 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hsp70 molecular chaperone in conjunction with Hsp90 and a suite of helper co-chaperones are required for the folding and subsequent refolding of a large proportion of the proteome. These proteins are critical for cell viability and play major roles in diseases of proteostasis which include neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. As a consequence, a large scientific effort has gone into understanding how chaperones such as Hsp70 function at the in vitro and in vivo level. Although many chaperones require constitutive self-interaction (dimerization and oligomerization) to function, Hsp70 has been thought to exist as a monomer, especially in eukaryotic cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that both bacterial and mammalian Hsp70 can exist as a dynamic pool of monomers, dimer, and oligomers. In this mini-review, we discuss the mechanisms and roles of Hsp70 oligomerization in Hsp70 function, as well as thoughts on how this integrates into well-established ideas of Hsp70 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrew W. Truman
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
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Knighton LE, Nitika, Waller SJ, Strom O, Wolfgeher D, Reitzel AM, Truman AW. Dynamic remodeling of the interactomes of Nematostella vectensis Hsp70 isoforms under heat shock. J Proteomics 2019; 206:103416. [PMID: 31233900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70s (Hsp70s) are a highly conserved class of molecular chaperones that fold a large proportion of the proteome. Nematostella vectensis (Nv) is an estuarine sea anemone that has emerged as a model species to characterize molecular responses to physiological stressors due to its exposure to diverse, extreme abiotic conditions. Previous transcriptional data has shown dramatic differences among expression profiles of three NvHsp70 isoforms (NvHsp70A, B and D) under stress but it is unknown if, and to what extent, the client proteins for these chaperones differ. In order to determine client specificity, NvHsp70A, B and D were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae budding yeast lacking native Hsp70 and interacting proteins for each Hsp70 were determined with mass spectrometry in yeast ambient and heat shock conditions. Our analyses showed <50% of identified interacting proteins were common to all three anemone Hsp70s and 3-18% were unique to an individual Hsp70. Mapping of temperature induced interactions suggest that under stress a proportion of clients are transferred from NvHsp70A and NvHsp70D to NvHsp70B. Together, these data suggest a diverse set of interacting proteins for Hsp70 isoforms that likely determines the precise functions for Hsp70s in organismal acclimation and potentially adaptation. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Although the Hsp70 family of molecular chaperones has been studied for >50 years, it is still not fully understood why organisms encode and express many highly-similar Hsp70 isoforms. The prevailing theory is that these isoforms have identical function, but are expressed under unique cellular conditions that include heat shock to cope with increased number of unfolded/misfolded proteins. The sea anemone Nematostella vectensis encodes three Hsp70 isoforms A, B and D that when expressed in yeast demonstrate unique functionalities. This study provides the interactome of NvHsp70s A, B and D and demonstrates that Hsp70 isoforms, while highly similar in sequence, have unique co-chaperone and client interactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Knighton
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, USA
| | - Nitika
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, USA
| | - Shawn J Waller
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, USA
| | - Owen Strom
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, USA
| | - Donald Wolfgeher
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Adam M Reitzel
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, USA.
| | - Andrew W Truman
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, USA.
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Knighton LE, Saa LP, Reitzel AM, Truman AW. Analyzing the Functionality of Non-native Hsp70 Proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bio Protoc 2019; 9:e3389. [PMID: 32154330 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeast are an ideal system to study Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70) function in a cellular context. This protocol was generated to analyze the function of non-native Hsp70 proteins by expressing them as the sole cytosolic Hsp70 in yeast. As an initial step, Hsp70 variants (such as Ssa1 point mutants and non-yeast versions such as Nematostella vectensis NvHsp70A, B and D) are cloned into an appropriate expression plasmid. Next, these plasmids are transformed into ssa1-4Δ yeast [expressing native Ssa1 from an uracil-based (URA3) plasmid] which are subsequently cured of the original yeast on 5-Fluroorotic Acid (5-FOA). The resulting cells can be screened for a variety of phenotypes which match to the activity of well-studied cellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Knighton
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, USA
| | - Lizbeth P Saa
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, USA
| | - Adam M Reitzel
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, USA
| | - Andrew W Truman
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, USA
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