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Carey C, Gurumurthy G, Napier‐Hemy R, Zelhof B. A review of the current treatment methods for retroperitoneal fibrosis with obstructive uropathy. BJUI COMPASS 2024; 5:721-731. [PMID: 39157164 PMCID: PMC11327486 DOI: 10.1002/bco2.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction and aims Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a fibroinflammatory disease in which patients may suffer obstructive uropathy (OU). The optimum treatment strategy for RPF with secondary OU is currently unclear, and the aim of this literature review is to assess the methods used to treat this patient cohort. Methods Medline, Embase, Cinahl, the Cochrane Library and PubMed were systematically searched to find studies assessing treatment outcomes in this patient cohort. After reviewing the studies' titles, abstracts and full texts, 12 were found that matched our search aims. Data from these publications were analysed and reported. Results The demographic and symptomatic features of patients across the 12 studies were representative of the general RPF population. No randomised control trials (RCTs) were found, and just one study formally compared outcomes between patients who underwent different treatment strategies. Many of the studies concluded that using medical and surgical methods in combination led to positive outcomes; whereas, others found positive outcomes following a variety of regimens. Many studies also highlighted, however, that significant minorities required further treatment after initial therapy. Conclusions regarding optimum treatment methods were limited as most publications did not formally compare outcomes following different strategies and had an observational study design. Conclusion Although positive outcomes were commonly seen following medical, surgical and a combination of treatments, the literature currently lacks research formally comparing outcomes after assigning specific treatment protocols to groups of RPF patients. More research is therefore required to determine how to best manage RPF leading to secondary OU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Carey
- Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
- The University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | | | | | - Bachar Zelhof
- Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
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2
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Kunow A, Freyer Martins Pereira J, Chenot JF. Extravertebral low back pain: a scoping review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:363. [PMID: 38714994 PMCID: PMC11075250 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07435-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common reasons for consultation in general practice. Currently, LBP is categorised into specific and non-specific causes. However, extravertebral causes, such as abdominal aortic aneurysm or pancreatitis, are not being considered. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed across MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane library, complemented by a handsearch. Studies conducted between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2020, where LBP was the main symptom, were included. RESULTS The literature search identified 6040 studies, from which duplicates were removed, leaving 4105 studies for title and abstract screening. Subsequently, 265 publications were selected for inclusion, with an additional 197 publications identified through the handsearch. The majority of the studies were case reports and case series, predominantly originating from specialised care settings. A clear distinction between vertebral or rare causes of LBP was not always possible. A range of diseases were identified as potential extravertebral causes of LBP, encompassing gynaecological, urological, vascular, systemic, and gastrointestinal diseases. Notably, guidelines exhibited inconsistencies in addressing extravertebral causes. DISCUSSION Prior to this review, there has been no systematic investigation into extravertebral causes of LBP. Although these causes are rare, the absence of robust and reliable epidemiological data hinders a comprehensive understanding, as well as the lack of standardised protocols, which contributes to a lack of accurate description of indicative symptoms. While there are certain disease-specific characteristics, such as non-mechanical or cyclical LBP, and atypical accompanying symptoms like fever, abdominal pain, or leg swelling, that may suggest extravertebral causes, it is important to recognise that these features are not universally present in every patient. CONCLUSION The differential diagnosis of extravertebral LBP is extensive with relatively low prevalence rates dependent on the clinical setting. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for extravertebral aetiologies, especially in patients presenting with atypical accompanying symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kunow
- Department of General Practice, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475, Fleischmannstraße, Greifswald, Germany.
| | | | - Jean-François Chenot
- Department of General Practice, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475, Fleischmannstraße, Greifswald, Germany
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3
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Łoń I, Wieliczko M, Lewandowski J, Małyszko J. Retroperitoneal fibrosis is still underdiagnosed entity with poor prognosis. Kidney Blood Press Res 2021; 47:151-162. [PMID: 34915518 DOI: 10.1159/000521423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a rare disease characterized by the presence of inflammatory and fibrous retroperitoneal tissue that often encircles abdominal organs including aorta and ureters. Data on the incidence of this disease are limited. SUMMARY The disease may be idiopathic or secondary to infections, malignancies, drugs or radiotherapy. Idiopathic form is an immune-mediated entity and a part of the broader spectrum of idiopathic diseases termed chronic periaortitis, characterized by a morphologically similar fibroinflammatory changes in aorta and surrounding tissues. Taking into account the dominant symptoms and clinical charac-teristics of patients with periaortitis, two subtypes of disease could be distinguished. Vascular subtype include patients with non-dilated aorta or with inflammatory abdominal aortic aneu-rysm, both with and without involvement of adjacent structures and with numerous risk factors for atherosclerosis. In renoureteral subtype obstructive uropathy manifesting with hydronephro-sis and acute kidney injury is predominant finding. Due to the variety of symptoms, diagnosis of RPF remains challenging, difficult and often delayed. A series of diagnostic tests should be performed, in order to confirm the diagnosis idiopathic RPF. Laboratory work-up include eval-uation of inflammatory indices and immunological studies. A biopsy and histopathological evaluation may be necessary to confirm diagnosis and differentiate the disease. Computed to-mography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) are the modalities of choice for the diagnosis and follow-up of this disease. Management of ureteral obstruction, hydronephrosis, and aortic aneurysms often requires surgical evaluation and treatment. The pharmacological treatment of RPF has been evaluated in a few randomized trials and is mainly based on observational studies. Steroid therapy remains the gold standard of treatment. Key messages: Nowadays multidisciplinary team approach with clinical and diagnos-tic experience in both primary and secondary RPF as well as two major subtypes should be offered. Centers specialized in rare diseases with collaboration with other units and referral sys-tem yield the best possible outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Łoń
- Department of Hypertension, Angiology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Wieliczko
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Lewandowski
- Department of Hypertension, Angiology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Małyszko
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Le Joncour A, Saadoun D, Cacoub P. La fibrose rétropéritonéale idiopathique. Rev Med Interne 2020; 41:822-828. [PMID: 32727694 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a rare disease characterized by the presence of fibro-inflammatory tissue around the aorta entrapping the adjacent structures. RPF can be idiopathic or secondary to many disorders. The physiopathology is unknown but can be part of the spectrum of IgG4 related diseases. Imaging studies and inflammatory markers are essential for initial evaluation and follow-up. Biopsy is usually not recommended. The first line of treatment is corticosteroids associated or not with immunosuppressive drugs. In case of ureteral obstruction with renal failure, ureteral stent placement or nephrostomies are recommended. Initial response to treatment is usually good but relapses are frequent.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Le Joncour
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 7211, Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), 75005 Paris, France.
| | - D Saadoun
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 7211, Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), 75005 Paris, France
| | - P Cacoub
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 7211, Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), 75005 Paris, France
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5
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Leung A, Elasir HM, Mahawish KM. Image of the month: Ormond's disease: A diagnostic challenge. Clin Med (Lond) 2020; 20:440-441. [DOI: 10.7861/clinmed.2020-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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6
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Metastatic lobular carcinoma presenting as retroperitoneal fibrosis: a rare presentation detected using post-mortem cytology. Pathology 2020; 52:387-390. [PMID: 32107077 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Acute Kidney Failure in a Young African American Male. Case Rep Nephrol 2019; 2019:2591560. [PMID: 30911422 PMCID: PMC6398077 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2591560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a condition characterized by chronic inflammatory and fibrotic changes in the retroperitoneum that can lead to serious complications including kidney failure, mesenteric and limb ischemia, and deep venous thrombosis among others. Affected individuals may present with nonspecific symptomology that would require a high clinical index of suspicion for prompt diagnosis. We herein discuss a case of a young African-American man with recurrent deep venous thrombosis who presents with a 4-week history of constant aching pain of abdomen and back and kidney failure. Initial noncontrast computed tomogram (CT) only revealed mild bilateral hydroureteronephrosis with inflammatory changes but without obvious mass or lymphadenopathy. At the insistence of the renal consulting team to rule out RPF, a CT-urogram was performed which revealed an infiltrative mass encasing the aorta, inferior vena cava, and common iliac vessels. Laparoscopic biopsy revealed dense fibroadipose tissue, lymphocytic aggregates, focal scattered IgG4-positive plasma cells, and fibrin deposition. Patient underwent bilateral nephrostomy placement and empirical corticosteroid therapy with resolution of kidney failure. Our case illustrates a classic presentation of RPF with relatively benign findings on noncontrast CT that could have been missed if clinicians did not keep a high index of suspicion for the condition.
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8
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Cohan RH, Shampain KL, Francis IR, Davenport MS, Stuart Wolf J, Marder W, Swartz RD. Imaging appearance of fibrosing diseases of the retroperitoneum: can a definitive diagnosis be made? Abdom Radiol (NY) 2018; 43:1204-1214. [PMID: 28849414 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-017-1282-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the frequency with which previously reported characteristic findings of retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) (a circumferential or almost circumferential peri-aortic mass centered at L4, which does not displace the abdominal aorta or proximal common iliac arteries) are present in patients with RPF, in patients with other fibrosing diseases, and in cancer patients referred to a subspecialty clinic with a suspected diagnosis of RPF, in order to determine whether diagnostic percutaneous biopsy can be avoided in some patients. METHODS This HIPAA-compliant Institutional Review Board-approved retrospective study assessed clinical and CT and MR imaging abnormalities on imaging studies in 92 patients referred to a subspecialty clinic with suspected RPF over a 14-year period. Two reviewers, in consensus, determined the frequency of different CT and MRI findings in three groups of patients (Group 1: those with an eventual diagnosis of RPF, Group 2: those with a fibrosing disease associated with vascular or urologic abnormalities, and Group 3: those with cancer). Assessed imaging features included the presence of retroperitoneal masses, whether masses were single or multiple, whether such masses were circumferential or nearly circumferential, whether they displaced the aorta away from the spine (with the degree of such displacement measured), and whether there were abnormalities outside of the peri-aortic region of the retroperitoneum. The frequency with which findings previously reported as characteristic of RPF were present was determined for each of the three groups. Imaging results were correlated with the final diagnoses. RESULTS Of 68 subjects eventually diagnosed with retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) (Group 1), 47 had peri-aortic retroperitoneal masses, 18 of which displaced the aorta anteriorly away from the spine. Of 12 subjects with fibrosing abnormalities related to vascular or urologic disease (Group 2), six had retroperitoneal masses, none of which displaced the aorta away from the spine. Of 12 subjects with malignancies (Group 3), six had peri-aortic retroperitoneal masses only two of whom had aortic displacement. Only 34 of 68 Group 1 subjects had peri-aortic masses characteristic of RPF, compared with six Group 2 subjects and one Group 3 subject. Subjects with characteristic retroperitoneal masses were significantly more likely to have benign disease than cancer (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION Many patients with RPF do not have characteristic imaging findings. Contrary to prior publications, absence of aortic displacement is not seen in all patients with RPF and is seen in some cancer patients. Nonetheless, when infiltrative peri-aortic retroperitoneal soft tissue that does not displace the aorta is encountered on CT or MRI, RPF can be diagnosed with a high degree of confidence, obviating the need for biopsy.
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Brandt AS, Dreger NM, Müller E, Kukuk S, Roth S. Neue (und alte) Aspekte der retroperitonealen Fibrose. Urologe A 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00120-017-0428-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Jakhlal N, Elghazoui A, Jabbour Y, Karmouni T, Elkhader K, Koutani A, Ibenattya A. Fibrose rétropéritonéale: revue de littérature. Can Urol Assoc J 2017; 11:E26-E31. [PMID: 28163809 PMCID: PMC5262507 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.4122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
La fibrose rétropéritonéale (FRP) est une maladie rare, caractérisée par la présence d’un tissu fibro-inflammatoire aberrant qui se forme souvent autour de la portion sous-rénale de l’aorte abdominale et des artères iliaques. Une obstruction urétérale est souvent observée. Récemment, la FPR idiopathique est rapportée parmi les manifestations de la maladie à IgG4. L’imagerie joue un rôle important dans le diagnostic de la FRP. Les glucocorticoïdes sont le traitement de référence, utilisés en monothérapie ou en association avec d’autres agents médicamenteux. En cas d’échec des mesures conservatrices, la chirurgie peut être proposée. Récemment, des techniques minimalement invasives ont été utilisées.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Jakhlal
- Service d’Urologie B, hôpital Ibn Sina de Rabat, Maroc
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11
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Minocha P, Setia A. Presentation of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis at a young age: A rare case report. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2016; 5:294-296. [PMID: 27904827 PMCID: PMC5116867 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2016.01063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal pain is a very common symptom in all age groups but retroperitoneal fibrosis is a rare differential diagnosis suspected in young patients presenting with nonspecific abdominal pain and symptoms of obstructive uropathy. Presented here is a case of a 16-year-old boy who presented with symptoms of persistent abdominal pain and a previous history of swelling in the left leg. A computed tomography (CT) scan suggested retroperitoneal fibrosis and an exploratory laparotomy and histopathological examination were performed for definitive diagnosis. This case report is intended to promote awareness of retroperitoneal fibrosis in young patients among health care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Minocha
- Department of Pediatrics, SMS Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Priyanka Minocha, Department of Pediatrics, SMS Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302004, India. E-mail:
| | - Ankur Setia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fortis Escort Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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12
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Fibrose retroperitoneal: série de cinco casos e revisão da literatura. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE REUMATOLOGIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbr.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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13
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Tierney C, Dinkelspiel HE, Bass AR, Cimic A, Katzen J, Holcomb K. Sclerosing mesenteritis mimics gynecologic malignancy. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2015; 12:49-51. [PMID: 26076158 PMCID: PMC4442657 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
•Sclerosing mesenteritis, and associated inflammatory conditions of the retroperitoneum, may mimic malignancy or infection.•Attempted surgical excision of sclerosing mesenteritis and other retroperitoneal conditions often lead to a morbid and unsuccessful surgery.•These conditions are immune-mediated, and respond remarkably well to immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Tierney
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College - New York Presbyterian Hospital, United States
- Corresponding author at: 525 East 68th St, J-130, New York, NY 10021, United States.
| | - Helen E. Dinkelspiel
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College - New York Presbyterian Hospital, United States
| | - Anne R. Bass
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College - Hospital for Special Surgery, United States
| | - Adela Cimic
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College - New York Presbyterian Hospital, United States
| | - Janine Katzen
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College - New York Presbyterian Hospital, United States
| | - Kevin Holcomb
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College - New York Presbyterian Hospital, United States
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Shiber S, Eliakim-Raz N, Yair M. Retroperitoneal fibrosis: case series of five patients and review of the literature. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE REUMATOLOGIA 2015; 56:101-4. [PMID: 27267521 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbre.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic periaortitis (CP) is an umbrella term used to describe a group of nosologically allied conditions that include idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis (Ormond's disease), inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm, and perianeurysmal retroperitoneal fibrosis. Retroperitoneal fibrosis encompasses a range of diseases characterized by the presence of a fibro-inflammatory tissue, which usually surrounds the abdominal aorta and the iliac arteries and extends into the retroperitoneum to envelop neighboring structures-ureters. Retroperitoneal fibrosis is generally idiopathic, but can also be secondary to the use of certain drugs, malignant diseases, infections, and surgery. Here we describe a 5 years follow-up (2006-2011) of 5 patients admitted to our hospital with symptoms, laboratory, imaging and pathologic finding compatible with retroperitoneal fibrosis. We review our clinical course of our patient with respect to the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shacahf Shiber
- Rheumatology Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Noa Eliakim-Raz
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Medicine, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Molad Yair
- Rheumatology Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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