The association of CAT-262C/T polymorphism with catalase activity and treatment response in juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Genetic factors contributing to a severe course of pneumonia: a systematic review

The article presents a systematic review of publications devoted to the study of genetic markers of severe pneumonia.

The aim of the study was to compile a list of genetic markers that contribute to a severe course of pneumonia on the basis of the published data.

In the current study, we searched for and analyzed articles published between January 2000 and April 2021. Following the search for and subsequent selection of articles, a list of 10 publications was compiled, which demonstrated a clear association of certain gene variants with severe and complicated pneumonia. Finally, we made a list of genetic markers of severe pneumonia consisting of 16 polymorphisms in 12 genes (CD86, IL6, IL10, PAI1, TNFα, HMGB1, ATG16L1, AGTR1, GCLC, CAT, IFNγ, FCGR2A).

These genetic markers of severe and complicated pneumonia are responsible for various innate immune responses. The odds ratio for complicated pneumonia with a risk allele in the polymorphisms in the mentioned genes ranges from 1.39 to 4.28. To understand molecular and genetic mechanisms of severe pneumonia, further investigation of the effect of these genetic factors on the outcomes of pneumonia in different groups of patients with a simultaneous assessment of the cumulative effect of genetic variants and genetic interactions is required.

Genetic association between the PTPN22, IRF5 and TYK2 gene variants and susceptibility to juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) refers to a group of chronic childhood arthropathies of unknown etiology. In the present study, the genetic association between the variants in PTPN22, IRF5 and TYK2 genes and susceptibility to JIA was investigated. The distributions of 16 variants in PTPN22, IRF5 and TYK2 genes were analyzed by direct sequencing in 378 patients with JIA and 378 healthy controls. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were used to evaluate the association between the gene variants and JIA. The gene-gene interactions were investigated using multifactor dimensionality reduction. All allelic and dominant models of PTPN22 rs1214414, rs1214418, rs1746853, rs3765598 and rs3811021 were significantly associated with JIA risk (P<0.05). IRF5 rs10954213 in both allelic and dominant models, as well as the allelic model of rs2004640, was significantly related to JIA risk (P<0.05). In addition, the allelic, recessive and dominant models of TYK2 rs280500, rs280519, rs2304256 and rs12720270 were significantly related to JIA risk (P<0.05). In addition, three haplotypes (H_{C A G T C C}, H_{C A G T T C} and H_{C G T T C T} ) in PTPN22 gene, three haplotypes (H_{D T A A}, H_{I T A C} and H_{D T G C}) in IRF5 gene and two haplotypes (H_{A G G A T} and H_{G A G G T}) in TYK2 gene were associated with the risk of JIA (P<0.05). Furthermore, a three-way interaction between IRF5 rs10954213, rs2004640 and PTPN22 rs1214414 was shown to be associated with JIA risk. In conclusion, PTPN22 rs1214418, rs1746853, rs3765598, IRF5 rs2004640, TYK2 rs280500, rs2304256 and a three-way interaction between IRF5 rs10954213, rs2004640 and PTPN22 rs1214414 may be risk factors for JIA.

Recent progress in the treatment of non-systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the joints and other organs that occurs in 1 in 1,000 children in the United States. Given the various categories of JIA, interpretation of the literature can be difficult. In this review, new developments in understanding non-systemic JIA and its treatment will be covered. Recent advances in the journey toward personalized treatment in JIA will be highlighted, including a review of currently available biologic modifiers. Uveitis and the temporomandibular joint will be discussed as particularly challenging treatment issues. Recent guideline updates and literature-guided treatment decisions will be reviewed.

Genetics of diabetic neuropathy: Systematic review, meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis

OBJECTIVE

Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes that occurs in more than 67% of individuals with diabetes. Genetic polymorphisms may play an important role in DN development. However, until now, the association between genetic polymorphisms and DN risk has remained unknown. We performed a systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis (TSA) of the association between all genetic polymorphisms and DN risk.

METHODS

Relevant published studies examining the relationship between all genetic polymorphisms and DN were obtained based on a designed search strategy up to 28 February 2019. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess overall pooled effects of genetic models as well as in subgroup analyses. Sensitive analysis and publication bias were applied to evaluate the reliability of the study. Moreover, TSA was conducted to estimate the robustness of the results.

RESULTS

We conducted a systematic review of a total of 1256 articles, and then 106 publications reporting on 136 polymorphisms of 76 genes were extracted. We performed 107 meta-analyses on 36 studies involving 12,221 subjects to derive pooled effect estimates for eight polymorphisms. We identified that ACE I>D, MTHFR 1298A/C, GPx-1 rs1050450, and CAT -262C/T were associated with DN, while MTHFR C677T, GSTM1, GSTT1, and IL-10 -1082G/A were not. Sensitivity analysis, funnel plot, and Egger's test displayed robust results. Furthermore, the results of TSA indicated sufficient sample size in studies of ACE, GPx-1, GSTM1, and IL-10 polymorphisms.

INTERPRETATION

Our study assessed the association between ACE I>D, MTHFR C677T, MTHFR 1298A/C, GPx-1 rs1050450, CAT -262C/T, GSTM1, GSTT1, and IL-10 -1082G/A polymorphisms and DN risk. We hope that the data in our research study are used to study DN genetics.