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Carvalho MSN, Carvalho MR, Santos JAO, Barbosa ND, Melo LC, Costa FHM, Carvalho JPF, Messias HBG, Fonseca SA, Souza MA, Ferreira-Júnior GC, Lima RF, Costa JG, Cavalcanti MGS, Matos-Rocha TJ. Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory aspects of Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection: an integrative review. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 82:e262109. [PMID: 36169525 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.262109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This integrative literature review study analyzes the findings of the last 5 years of the parasite Angiostrongylus cantonensis. It is known that this nematode is found in the pulmonary arteries of rats, where it remains as a definitive host. From mice, the cycle spreads to animals, such as snails, which in contact with humans can trigger the disease. In humans, the parasite causes several neurological, abdominal manifestations and mainly meningitis. Based on the review of studies, its epidemiology shows worldwide distribution, although there are endemic cases for this parasite, such as asian countries. Laboratory findings generally showed altered CSF with turbidity, increased protein and eosinophilia, which generated meningeal signs in the patient, moreover MRI exams showed multiple alterations. Rare findings of the nematode in the eyeball, lung and signs of peritoneal inflammation were reported, which requires further studies to understand the whole pathophysiology. Finally, conservative treatment based on anthelmintics and anti-inflammatories brought good responses, although there are reports of deaths, which demonstrates the importance in the prevention and therapy of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S N Carvalho
- Universidade Estadual de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - M R Carvalho
- Universidade Estadual de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - J A O Santos
- Universidade Estadual de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - N D Barbosa
- Universidade Estadual de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - L C Melo
- Universidade Estadual de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - F H M Costa
- Universidade Estadual de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - J P F Carvalho
- Universidade Estadual de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | | | - S A Fonseca
- Centro Universitário Cesmac, Alagoas, AL, Brasil
| | - M A Souza
- Centro Universitário Cesmac, Alagoas, AL, Brasil
| | - G C Ferreira-Júnior
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Acre, Xapuri, AC, Brasil
| | - R F Lima
- Secretaria de Saúde do Distrito Federal, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - J G Costa
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária dos Tabuleiros Costeiros, Rio Largo, AL, Brasil
| | | | - T J Matos-Rocha
- Universidade Estadual de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil.,Centro Universitário Cesmac, Alagoas, AL, Brasil
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Jacob J, Steel A, Lin Z, Berger F, Zöeller K, Jarvi S. Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Albendazole and Other Benzimidazole Anthelmintics for Rat Lungworm Disease (Neuroangiostrongyliasis): A Systematic Analysis of Clinical Reports and Animal Studies. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 74:1293-1302. [PMID: 34448480 PMCID: PMC8994584 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The safety and efficacy of benzimidazole anthelmintics for the treatment of rat lungworm disease (neuroangiostrongyliasis) have been questioned regardless of numerous experimental animal studies and clinical reports. In this review, 40 of these experimental animal studies and 104 clinical reports are compiled with a focus on albendazole. Among the 144 articles involving an estimated 1034 patients and 2561 animals, 4.1% were inconclusive or vague regarding the use of benzimidazoles. Of the remaining 138 articles, 90.5% found benzimidazoles to be safe and effective (885 patients, 2530 animals), 4.3% as safe but ineffective (73 patients, 3 animals), and 5.0% caused adverse reactions (7 patients, 28 animals). Among those clinical reports that described a confirmed diagnosis of neuroangiostrongyliasis in which albendazole monotherapy was used, 100% reported high efficacy (743 patients, 479 animals). In those where albendazole-corticosteroid co-therapy was used, 97.87% reported it to be effective (323 patients, 130 animals).
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Affiliation(s)
- John Jacob
- University of Hawaii at Hilo, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, Hilo, USA
| | - Argon Steel
- University of Hawaii at Hilo, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, Hilo, USA
| | - Zhain Lin
- University of Hawaii at Hilo, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, Hilo, USA
| | - Fiona Berger
- University Clermont Auvergne, Department of Pharmacy, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Katrin Zöeller
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Pharmacy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Susan Jarvi
- University of Hawaii at Hilo, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, Hilo, USA
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