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Saini D, Bapatla RB, Vemula CK, Gahir S, Bharath P, Gupta KJ, Raghavendra AS. Moderate modulation by S-nitrosoglutathione of photorespiratory enzymes in pea (Pisum sativum) leaves, compared to the strong effects of high light. PROTOPLASMA 2024; 261:43-51. [PMID: 37421536 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01878-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
When plants are exposed to water stress, photosynthesis is downregulated due to enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). In contrast, photorespiratory metabolism protected photosynthesis and sustained yield. Modulation of photorespiration by ROS was established, but the effect of NO on photorespiratory metabolism was unclear. We, therefore, examined the impact of externally added NO by using S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), a natural NO donor, in leaf discs of pea (Pisum sativum) under dark or light: moderate or high light (HL). Maximum NO accumulation with GSNO was under high light. The presence of 2-4-carboxyphenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO), a NO scavenger, prevented the increase in NO, confirming the release of NO in leaves. The increase in S-nitrosothiols and tyrosine-nitrated proteins on exposure to GSNO confirmed the nitrosative stress in leaves. However, the changes by GSNO in the activities and transcripts of five photorespiratory enzymes: glycolate oxidase, hydroxypyruvate reductase, catalase, glycerate kinase, and phosphoglycolate phosphatase activities were marginal. The changes in photorespiratory enzymes caused by GSNO were much less than those with HL. Since GSNO caused only mild oxidative stress, we felt that the key modulator of photorespiration might be ROS, but not NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Saini
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Ramesh B Bapatla
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | | | - Shashibhushan Gahir
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Pulimamidi Bharath
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | | | - Agepati S Raghavendra
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
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Mao L, Dai Y, Huang Y, Yang S, Sun H, Zhou Y, Sun Y, Yang B, Zou X, Liu Z. Studying the effect of light intensity on the photosynthetic mechanism of pepper leaf yellowing mutants by proteomics and phosphoproteomics. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 334:111763. [PMID: 37321305 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The leaf is an important plant organ and is closely related to agricultural yield. Photosynthesis plays a critical role in promoting plant growth and development. Understanding the mechanism of leaf photosynthesis regulation will help improve crop yield. In this study, the pepper yellowing mutant was used as the experimental material, and the photosynthetic changes of pepper leaves (yl1 and 6421) under different light intensities were analyzed by chlorophyll fluorimeter and photosynthesis meter. Changes in proteins and enrichment of phosphopeptides in pepper leaves were determined. The results showed that different light intensities had significant effects on the chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic parameters of pepper leaves. The differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and differentially expressed phosphorylated proteins (DEPPs) were mainly involved in photosynthesis, photosynthesis-antenna proteins, and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms. In yl1 leaves, the phosphorylation levels of photosynthesis and photosynthesis-antenna proteins LHCA2, LHCA3, PsbC, PsbO, and PsbP were lower under low light treatment, but significantly higher under high light intensity compared with wild-type leaves. In addition, many proteins involved in the carbon assimilation pathway, including TKT, Rubisco, and PGK, were phosphorylated, and this modification level was significantly higher in yl1 than in the wild type under high light intensity. These results provide a new perspective for studying the photosynthesis mechanism of pepper under different light intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianzhen Mao
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Yunhua Dai
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Sha Yang
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Bozhi Yang
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Xuexiao Zou
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhoubin Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China.
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Muzaffar A, Kiani S, Khan MAU, Rao AQ, Ali A, Awan MF, Iqbal A, Nasir IA, Shahid AA, Husnain T. Chloroplast localization of Cry1Ac and Cry2A protein--an alternative way of insect control in cotton. Biol Res 2015; 48:14. [PMID: 25889424 PMCID: PMC4389580 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-015-0005-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insects have developed resistance against Bt-transgenic plants. A multi-barrier defense system to weaken their resistance development is now necessary. One such approach is to use fusion protein genes to increase resistance in plants by introducing more Bt genes in combination. The locating the target protein at the point of insect attack will be more effective. It will not mean that the non-green parts of the plants are free of toxic proteins, but it will inflict more damage on the insects because they are at maximum activity in the green parts of plants. RESULTS Successful cloning was achieved by the amplification of Cry2A, Cry1Ac, and a transit peptide. The appropriate polymerase chain reaction amplification and digested products confirmed that Cry1Ac and Cry2A were successfully cloned in the correct orientation. The appearance of a blue color in sections of infiltrated leaves after 72 hours confirmed the successful expression of the construct in the plant expression system. The overall transformation efficiency was calculated to be 0.7%. The amplification of Cry1Ac-Cry2A and Tp2 showed the successful integration of target genes into the genome of cotton plants. A maximum of 0.673 μg/g tissue of Cry1Ac and 0.568 μg/g tissue of Cry2A was observed in transgenic plants. We obtained 100% mortality in the target insect after 72 hours of feeding the 2nd instar larvae with transgenic plants. The appearance of a yellow color in transgenic cross sections, while absent in the control, through phase contrast microscopy indicated chloroplast localization of the target protein. CONCLUSION Locating the target protein at the point of insect attack increases insect mortality when compared with that of other transgenic plants. The results of this study will also be of great value from a biosafety point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Muzaffar
- National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan.
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
| | - Sarfraz Kiani
- National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Azmat Ullah Khan
- National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Qayyum Rao
- National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan.
| | - Arfan Ali
- National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan.
| | - Mudassar Fareed Awan
- National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan.
| | - Adnan Iqbal
- National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan.
| | - Idrees Ahmad Nasir
- National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan.
| | - Ahmad Ali Shahid
- National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan.
| | - Tayyab Husnain
- National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan.
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Manavella PA, Dezar CA, Ariel FD, Drincovich MF, Chan RL. The sunflower HD-Zip transcription factor HAHB4 is up-regulated in darkness, reducing the transcription of photosynthesis-related genes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2008; 59:3143-3155. [PMID: 18603614 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ern170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
HAHB4 belongs to the sunflower subfamily I of HD-Zip proteins and is involved in drought-tolerance response and ethylene-mediated senescence. Cross-talk between these two processes through this transcription factor was recently described. In this study it is shown that the expression of HAHB4 is induced in darkness and quickly disappears when plants are exposed to light. This regulation of HAHB4 was confirmed at the transcriptional level through the use of transgenic Arabidopsis plants bearing constructs in which different segments of the HAHB4 promoter were fused with the reporter gene GUS. Together with electrophoretic mobility shift assays performed with sunflower nuclear proteins, these experiments allowed a cis-acting element involved in this response to be located. Transient overexpression of the HAHB4 cDNA in sunflower leaf discs and HAHB4 knockdown by iRNA were performed, demonstrating the participation of this transcription factor in the transcriptional down-regulation of a large group of photosynthesis-related genes. In accordance with the reduction in the transcripts encoding chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins, the content of these pigments is diminished in Arabidopsis HAHB4-expressing transgenic plants. Thus, it appears that HAHB4 may participate with other factors in the intricate regulation mechanism of the photosynthetic machinery in darkness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Manavella
- Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, CC 242 Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
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