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Rice Sesquiterpene Plays Important Roles in Antixenosis against Brown Planthopper in Rice. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061049. [PMID: 34067367 PMCID: PMC8224800 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The rice sesquiterpene synthase II gene (OsSTPS2, LOC_Os04g27430), which is involved in the antixenosis defense mechanism of rice against brown planthopper (BPH) infestation, was identified in the BPH-resistant rice variety Rathu Heenati (RH). In contrast, the gene was not functional in the BPH-susceptible rice variety KDML105 (KD). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region and in exon 5 of the gene and a seven amino acid deletion in the deduced protein sequence are suggested as factors that negatively regulate the function of the gene. Sequence analysis of the promoter region and expression analysis of the OsSTPS2 gene in several rice genotypes revealed the correlation of SNPs of the ATHB-1, SBE1, and P-factor with the expression of the gene. Genomic and complementary DNA (cDNA) sequence analysis at exon 5 of the gene showed that the 21 bp deletion naturally occurred in several rice genotypes. The antixenosis of the BPH feeding preference (AFP) of rice varieties differed in the seven amino acid deletion lesion of the gene, suggesting that the seven amino acid deletion negatively controls the antixenosis mechanism during BPH infestation. Analysis of the plant volatile compounds released after BPH infestation suggested that E-β-farnesene (EBF) is the major product of the OsSTPS2 gene.
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Rodríguez-Alvarez CI, López-Vidriero I, Franco-Zorrilla JM, Nombela G. Basal differences in the transcriptional profiles of tomato leaves associated with the presence/absence of the resistance gene Mi-1 and changes in these differences after infestation by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020; 110:463-479. [PMID: 31813394 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485319000828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The tomato Mi-1 gene mediates plant resistance to whitefly Bemisia tabaci, nematodes, and aphids. Other genes are also required for this resistance, and a model of interaction between the proteins encoded by these genes was proposed. Microarray analyses were used previously to identify genes involved in plant resistance to pests or pathogens, but scarcely in resistance to insects. In the present work, the GeneChip™ Tomato Genome Array (Affymetrix®) was used to compare the transcriptional profiles of Motelle (bearing Mi-1) and Moneymaker (lacking Mi-1) cultivars, both before and after B. tabaci infestation. Ten transcripts were expressed at least twofold in uninfested Motelle than in Moneymaker, while other eight were expressed half or less. After whitefly infestation, differences between cultivars increased to 14 transcripts expressed more in Motelle than in Moneymaker and 14 transcripts less expressed. Half of these transcripts showed no differential expression before infestation. These results show the baseline differences in the tomato transcriptomic profile associated with the presence or absence of the Mi-1 gene and provide us with valuable information on candidate genes to intervene in either compatible or incompatible tomato-whitefly interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara I Rodríguez-Alvarez
- Department of Plant Protection Institute for Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Serrano 115 Dpdo., Madrid28006, Spain
| | - Irene López-Vidriero
- Genomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Darwin 3, Madrid28049, Spain
| | - José M Franco-Zorrilla
- Genomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Darwin 3, Madrid28049, Spain
| | - Gloria Nombela
- Department of Plant Protection Institute for Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Serrano 115 Dpdo., Madrid28006, Spain
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Li J, Zhu L, Hull JJ, Liang S, Daniell H, Jin S, Zhang X. Transcriptome analysis reveals a comprehensive insect resistance response mechanism in cotton to infestation by the phloem feeding insect Bemisia tabaci (whitefly). PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:1956-75. [PMID: 26923339 PMCID: PMC5042180 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) causes tremendous damage to cotton production worldwide. However, very limited information is available about how plants perceive and defend themselves from this destructive pest. In this study, the transcriptomic differences between two cotton cultivars that exhibit either strong resistance (HR) or sensitivity (ZS) to whitefly were compared at different time points (0, 12, 24 and 48 h after infection) using RNA-Seq. Approximately one billion paired-end reads were obtained by Illumina sequencing technology. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the cotton transcriptional response to whitefly infestation involves genes encoding protein kinases, transcription factors, metabolite synthesis, and phytohormone signalling. Furthermore, a weighted gene co-expression network constructed from RNA-Seq datasets showed that WRKY40 and copper transport protein are hub genes that may regulate cotton defenses to whitefly infestation. Silencing GhMPK3 by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) resulted in suppression of the MPK-WRKY-JA and ET pathways and lead to enhanced whitefly susceptibility, suggesting that the candidate insect resistant genes identified in this RNA-Seq analysis are credible and offer significant utility. Taken together, this study provides comprehensive insights into the cotton defense system to whitefly infestation and has identified several candidate genes for control of phloem-feeding pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lizhen Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - J Joe Hull
- USDA-ARS, Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ, USA
| | - Sijia Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Henry Daniell
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shuangxia Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Shin HY, You MK, Jeung JU, Shin JS. OsMPK3 is a TEY-type rice MAPK in Group C and phosphorylates OsbHLH65, a transcription factor binding to the E-box element. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2014; 33:1343-53. [PMID: 24777821 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1620-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OsMPK3 is a TEY-type rice MAPK belonging to Group C and directly phosphorylates OsbHLH65 in the nucleus. OsMPK3 and OsbHLH65 are induced by biotic stress and defense-related hormones. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are involved in the majority of signaling pathways that regulate plant development and stress tolerance via the phosphorylation of target molecules. Plant MAPKs are classified into two subtypes, TEY and TDY, according to the TxY (x = E or D) motif in their activation loop, and the TDY motif is unique to plant MAPKs. In rice, 17 MAPKs have been classified into six groups. To date, the functions of many TDY-type rice MAPKs have been characterized, but little is known of the TEY-type MAPKs in Group C and their possible target substrates. In the study reported here, we determined that a TEY-type rice MAPK belonging to subgroup C, named OsMPK3, phosphorylates its substrate OsbHLH65 in the nucleus. Our electrophoresis mobility shift assay results revealed that OsbHLH65 specifically binds to the E-box cis-element, but not to the G-box. Both OsMPK3 and OsbHLH65 were induced by treatments with rice blast (Magnaporthe grisea), brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), and defense-related hormones, such as methyl jasmonic acid and salicylic acid. Our results suggest the possibility that OsMPK3 contributes to the defense signal transduction by phosphorylating the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Young Shin
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea
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Kamolsukyunyong W, Sukhaket W, Ruanjaichon V, Toojinda T, Vanavichit A. Single-feature polymorphism mapping of isogenic rice lines identifies the influence of terpene synthase on brown planthopper feeding preferences. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2013; 6:18. [PMID: 24280452 PMCID: PMC4883687 DOI: 10.1186/1939-8433-6-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bph3, a major brown planthopper (BPH) resistance locus derived from the rice cultivar Rathu Heenati (RH), has been used as a stable donor of traits that improve highly susceptible aromatic rice varieties in Thailand. Map-based cloning was initiated using a set of isogenic lines (ILs) harboring the major Bph3 locus on chromosome 6. IL genomes were scanned with a 57 K Affymetrix Rice GeneChip to identify the gene responsible for Bph3. FINDINGS Single-feature polymorphism (SFP) mapping was used to localize 84 candidate genes. An expression analysis of 15 selected candidate genes in the aromatic rice cultivar KDML105 (KD) and the ILs under normal conditions revealed two differentially expressed sequences. Following hopper feeding, only one candidate gene, Os04g27430, was differentially expressed. Os04g27430 encodes a putative sesquiterpene synthase (STPS) gene that was induced by BPH feeding in ILs. An antixenosis test in three selected ILs revealed a major role for STPS in insect preference during the first 120 hours of the rice-insect interaction. Functional SNPs in exon 5 that resulted in the deletion of seven amino acids in the susceptible rice line were identified. Moreover, three additional SNPs associated with three transcription binding sites were also identified, which might explain the differential response of Os04g27430 during the anti-feeding test. CONCLUSION Os04g27430 is the second known rice STPS induced by BPH. The gene may involve an antixenosis BPH resistance mechanism. The combination of the STPS and the Bph3 locus was more effective than Bph3 alone in the tested ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wintai Kamolsukyunyong
- />Rice Gene Discovery Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140 Thailand
- />Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
| | - Wissarut Sukhaket
- />Rice Science Center, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140 Thailand
| | - Vinitchan Ruanjaichon
- />Rice Gene Discovery Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140 Thailand
| | - Theerayut Toojinda
- />Rice Gene Discovery Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140 Thailand
| | - Apichart Vanavichit
- />Rice Gene Discovery Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140 Thailand
- />Rice Science Center, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140 Thailand
- />Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140 Thailand
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Cheng X, Zhu L, He G. Towards understanding of molecular interactions between rice and the brown planthopper. MOLECULAR PLANT 2013; 6:621-34. [PMID: 23396040 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sst030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The brown planthopper (BPH) is the most notorious pest of rice (Oryza sativa). Studies of rice-BPH interaction have contributed to development of new rice varieties, offering an effective means for long-lasting control of BPH. Here, we review the status of knowledge of the molecular basis of rice-BPH interaction, from the perspective of immunity. The BPH has complicated feeding behaviors on rice, which are mainly related to host resistance. Now, 24 resistance genes have been detected in rice, indicating gene-for-gene relationships with biotypes of the BPH. However, only one BPH resistance gene (Bph14) was identified and characterized using map-based cloning. Bph14 encodes an immune receptor of NB-LRR family, providing a means for studying the molecular mechanisms of rice resistance to BPH. Plant hormones (e.g. salicylic acid and jasmonate/ethylene), Ca(2+), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and OsRac1 play important roles in the immune response of rice to BPH. Signal transduction leads to modifying expression of defense-related genes and defense mechanisms against BPH, including sieve tube sealing, production of secondary metabolites, and induction of proteinase inhibitor. A model for the molecular interactions between rice and the BPH is proposed, although many details remain to be investigated that are valuable for molecular design of BPH-resistant rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China.
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Rawat N, Neeraja CN, Nair S, Bentur JS. Differential gene expression in gall midge susceptible rice genotypes revealed by suppressive subtraction hybridization (SSH) cDNA libraries and microarray analysis. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2012; 5:8. [PMID: 27234234 PMCID: PMC5520839 DOI: 10.1186/1939-8433-5-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major pest of rice, the Asian rice gall midge (Orseolia oryzae Wood-Mason), causes significant yield losses in the rice growing regions throughout Asia. Feeding by the larvae induces susceptible plants to produce nutritive tissue to support growth and development. In order to identify molecular signatures during compatible interactions, genome wide transcriptional profiling was performed using SSH library and microarray technology. RESULTS Results revealed up-regulation of genes related to primary metabolism, nutrient relocation, cell organization and DNA synthesis. Concomitantly, defense, secondary metabolism and signaling genes were suppressed. Further, real-time PCR validation of a selected set of 20 genes, in three susceptible rice varieties (TN1, Kavya and Suraksha) during the interaction with the respective virulent gall midge biotypes, also revealed variation in gene expression in Kavya as compared to TN1 and Suraksha. CONCLUSIONS These studies showed that virulent insects induced the plants to step up metabolism and transport nutrients to their feeding site and suppressed defense responses. But Kavya rice mounted an elevated defense response during early hours of virulent gall midge infestation, which was over-powered later, resulting in host plant susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Rawat
- Directorate of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500 030 AP India
| | | | - Suresh Nair
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Jagadish S Bentur
- Directorate of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500 030 AP India
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Zhou G, Wang X, Yan F, Wang X, Li R, Cheng J, Lou Y. Genome-wide transcriptional changes and defence-related chemical profiling of rice in response to infestation by the rice striped stem borer Chilo suppressalis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2011; 143:21-40. [PMID: 21534978 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2011.01483.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
How rice defends itself against pathogen infection is well documented, but little is known about how it defends itself against herbivore attack. We measured changes in the transcriptome and chemical profile of rice when the plant is infested by the striped stem borer (SSB) Chilo suppressalis. Infestation by SSBs resulted in changes in the expression levels of 4545 rice genes; this number accounts for about 8% of the genome and is made up of 18 functional groups with broad functions. The largest group comprised genes involved in metabolism, followed by cellular transport, transcription and cellular signaling. Infestation by SSBs modulated many genes responsible for the biosynthesis of plant hormones and plant signaling. Jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene were the major hormones that shaped the SSB-induced defence responses of rice. Many secondary signal transduction components, such as those involved in Ca²⁺ signaling and G-protein signaling, receptor and non-receptor protein kinases, and transcription factors were involved in the SSB-induced responses of rice. Photosynthesis and ATP synthesis from photophosphorylation were restricted by SSB feeding. In addition, SSB infestation induced the accumulation of defence compounds, including trypsin proteinase inhibitors (TrypPIs) and volatile organic compounds. These results demonstrate that SSB-induced defences required rice to reconfigure a wide variety of its metabolic, physiological and biochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
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Liu X, Meng J, Starkey S, Smith CM. Wheat gene expression is differentially affected by a virulent Russian wheat aphid biotype. J Chem Ecol 2011; 37:472-82. [PMID: 21499720 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-011-9949-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An improved understanding of the complex interactions between plants and aphids is emerging. Recognition of aphid feeding in plant tissues involves production of several defense response signaling pathways and downstream production of defense and detoxification compounds. Feeding by Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov), a serious pest of cereal crops worldwide, induces foliar deformity and chlorophyll loss during compatible wheat-D. noxia interactions. Experiments described here revealed significant differences in level and pattern of gene expression in defense response signaling and metabolic pathways between compatible and incompatible D. noxia-wheat interactions. The jasmonate (JA)-signaling genes LOX, AOS, and AOC were significantly more upregulated (~3- to 7 fold) in incompatible interactions than in compatible interactions (~2.5 to 3.5 fold) as early as 1 h post D. noxia infestation (hpi). Cellulose synthase, responsible for strengthening plant cell walls via cellulose production, was also more upregulated in incompatible interactions (4 to 7 fold) than in compatible interactions (1 to 3.5 fold). In contrast, glycolysis and citric acid cycle genes were significantly downregulated (~1.5 to 2 fold) in incompatible interactions and upregulated or less downregulated in compatible interactions from 6 to 72 hpi. Differences in expression of JA-signaling genes between feeding site tissues and non-feeding site tissues suggest that D. noxia defense response signals in wheat are restricted primarily to aphid feeding sites in the initial 6 hpi. This is the first report of differential upregulation of plant genes at 1 hpi in incompatible interactions involving aphid herbivory. Early wheat plant defense responses in incompatible D. noxia interactions at 1, 3, and 6 hpi appear to be important aspects of D. noxia resistance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Department of Plant Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Gan Q, Bai H, Zhao X, Tao Y, Zeng H, Han Y, Song W, Zhu L, Liu G. Transcriptional characteristics of Xa21-mediated defense responses in rice. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 53:300-311. [PMID: 21324061 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2011.01032.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), is the most destructive bacterial disease of rice. The cloned rice gene Xa21 confers resistance to a broad spectrum of Xoo races. To identify genes involved in Xa21-mediated immunity, a whole-genome oligonucleotide microarray of rice was used to profile the expression of rice genes between incompatible interactions and mock treatments at 0, 4, 8, 24, 72 and 120 h post inoculation (hpi) or between incompatible and compatible interactions at 4 hpi, respectively. A total of 441 differentially expressed genes, designated as XDGs (Xa21 mediated differentially expressed genes), were identified. Based on their functional annotations, the XDGs were assigned to 14 categories, including defense-related, signaling, transcriptional regulators. Most of the defense-related genes belonged to the pathogenesis-related gene family, which was induced dramatically at 72 and 120 hpi. Interestingly, most signaling and transcriptional regulator genes were downregulated at 4 and 8 hpi, suggesting that negative regulation of cellular signaling may play a role in the Xa21-mediated defense response. Comparison of expression profiles between Xa21- and other R gene-mediated defense systems revealed interesting common responses. Representative XDGs with supporting evidences were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Gan
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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You MK, Shin HY, Kim YJ, Ok SH, Cho SK, Jeung JU, Yoo SD, Kim JK, Shin JS. Novel bifunctional nucleases, OmBBD and AtBBD1, are involved in abscisic acid-mediated callose deposition in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 152:1015-29. [PMID: 20018603 PMCID: PMC2815893 DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.147645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Screening of the expressed sequence tag library of the wild rice species Oryza minuta revealed an unknown gene that was rapidly and strongly induced in response to attack by a rice fungal pathogen (Magnaporthe oryzae) and an insect (Nilaparvata lugens) and by wounding, abscisic acid (ABA), and methyl jasmonate treatments. Its recombinant protein was identified as a bifunctional nuclease with both RNase and DNase activities in vitro. This gene was designated OmBBD (for O. minuta bifunctional nuclease in basal defense response). Overexpression of OmBBD in an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) model system caused the constitutive expression of the PDF1.2, ABA1, and AtSAC1 genes, which are involved in priming ABA-mediated callose deposition. This activation of defense responses led to an increased resistance against Botrytis cinerea. atbbd1, the knockout mutant of the Arabidopsis ortholog AtBBD1, was susceptible to attack by B. cinerea and had deficient callose deposition. Overexpression of either OmBBD or AtBBD1 in atbbd1 plants complemented the susceptible phenotype of atbbd1 against B. cinerea as well as the deficiency of callose deposition. We suggest that OmBBD and AtBBD1 have a novel regulatory role in ABA-mediated callose deposition.
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Wang Y, Wang X, Yuan H, Chen R, Zhu L, He R, He G. Responses of two contrasting genotypes of rice to brown planthopper. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2008; 21:122-32. [PMID: 18052889 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-21-1-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) and brown planthoppers (BPH) (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) provide an ideal system for studying molecular mechanisms involved in the interactions between plants and phloem-feeding insects. The phenotypic responses and changes in transcript profiles of seedlings representing two rice cultivars differing in resistance to the BPH were analyzed. In the BPH-compatible (susceptible) cv. MH63, BPH feeding reduced three examined plant growth parameters (leaf area expansion, height increases, and dry weight increases) and photosynthetic rates of the leaves. In the BPH-incompatible (resistant) cv. B5, BPH feeding caused slight reductions in protein and sucrose contents, but the plants maintained their photosynthetic activity and grew normally. A cDNA microarray containing 1,920 suppression subtractive hybridization clones was used to explore the transcript profiles differences in the two cultivars under control and BPH-feeding conditions. In total, 160 unique genes were detected as being significantly affected by BPH feeding in rice plants, covering a wide range of functional categories, and there were 38 genes that showed the similar transcript pattern in both genotypes. The physiological responses and transcript profiles of plants represented in both genotypes suggested that multiple pathways might be involved in reprogramming of BPH-infested rice plants. The differences in transcript levels between the compatible and incompatible interactions revealed in this study were not only the reaction of resistance and susceptibility but also reflections of different damage rates and genotypic backgrounds of the rice cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Plant Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
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Hua H, Lu Q, Cai M, Xu C, Zhou DX, Li X, Zhang Q. Analysis of rice genes induced by striped stemborer (Chilo suppressalis) attack identified a promoter fragment highly specifically responsive to insect feeding. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2007; 65:519-30. [PMID: 17522952 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-007-9185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2007] [Accepted: 05/05/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify rice gene promoters that are specifically induced by feeding of the striped stemborer (Chilo suppressalis). Two PCR-selected cDNA subtractive libraries were constructed from the rice variety Minghui 63. Up- and down-regulated cDNAs induced by C. suppressalis feeding were arrayed on nylon membranes. After array hybridization and Northern blot analysis, a cDNA (B1-A04) encoding a putative subtilisin/chymotrypsin inhibitor was found to be rapidly and highly induced by C. suppressalis feeding, compared with mechanical wounding. The putative promoter region, spanning from -1,569 to +446 relative to the transcriptional initiation site was isolated, fused to the GUS gene (beta-glucuronidase reporter gene) and introduced by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to rice. In non-infested plants, the GUS activity driven by this promoter fragment was detected in culms and panicles, but not in leaves and sheaths. At 6 h after insect feeding, GUS activity was significantly induced in sheaths and culms, but not in leaves. GUS activity and native B1-A04 gene were not induced by JA and ABA treatment. A serial deletion analysis revealed two regions (-1,569 to -1,166 and -1,166 to -582) that negatively regulate the gene expression in sheaths of non-infested plants but not in insect-infested plants. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) identified 7 DNA fragments with various binding activities with nuclear proteins from mechanically wounded, insect-infested and untreated plants, and their possible roles in gene regulation were speculated. This promoter fragment should have utility in development of insect resistant transgenic crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Hua
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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