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Dissecting the Regulatory Network of Leaf Premature Senescence in Maize ( Zea mays L.) Using Transcriptome Analysis of ZmELS5 Mutant. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10110944. [PMID: 31752425 PMCID: PMC6895817 DOI: 10.3390/genes10110944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf premature senescence largely determines maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield and quality. A natural recessive premature-senescence mutant was selected from the breeding population, and near-isogenic lines were constructed using Jing24 as the recurrent parent. In the near-isogenic lines, the dominant homozygous material was wild-type (WT), and the recessive material of early leaf senescence was the premature-senescence-type ZmELS5. To identify major genes and regulatory mechanisms involved in leaf senescence, a transcriptome analysis of the ZmELS5 and WT near-isogenic lines (NILs) was performed. A total of 8796 differentially expressed transcripts were identified between ZmELS5 and WT, including 3811 up-regulated and 4985 down-regulated transcripts. By combining gene ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, gene set, and transcription factor enrichment analyses, key differentially expressed genes were screened. The senescence regulatory network was predicted based on these key differentially expressed genes, which indicated that the senescence process is mainly regulated by bHLH, WRKY, and AP2/EREBP family transcription factors, leading to the accumulations of jasmonic acid and ethylene. This causes stress responses and reductions in the chlorophyll a/b-binding protein activity level. Then, decreased ATP synthase activity leads to increased photosystem II photodamage, ultimately leading to leaf senescence.
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Yao D, Wang Y, Li Q, Ouyang X, Li Y, Wang C, Ding L, Hou L, Luo M, Xiao Y. Specific Upregulation of a Cotton Phytoene Synthase Gene Produces Golden Cottonseeds with Enhanced Provitamin A. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1348. [PMID: 29358599 PMCID: PMC5778082 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19866-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Provitamin A (PVA) bio-fortification of crops offers a sustainable strategy to prevent the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (VAD), one of the world’s major public health problems. The present work aimed to enhance PVA accumulation in cottonseed, the main by-product in the production of cotton fibers and the third largest source of edible plant oil in the world. On the basis of comprehensive identification of carotenoid synthase genes and their expression levels in various cotton tissues, we selected phytoene synthase as the target for manipulating carotenoid biosynthesis in the developing cottonseeds. After functional verification in transgenic tobacco, a cotton phytoene synthase gene (GhPSY2D) driven by a seed-specific promoter was transformed into cotton. The transgenic cottonseeds showed golden appearance and contained over 6-fold higher carotenoid contents in the extracted oil than the non-transgenic control. Thin layer chromatograph analysis indicated that the main PVA carotenoid β-carotene was predominant in the transgenic cottonseeds, but undetectable in the wild-type control. By simultaneously providing economically valuable fibers and edible oils, the transgenic cottons bio-fortified with β-carotene in seeds may be a new powerful tool against VAD in low-income regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yao
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qian Li
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xufen Ouyang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yaohua Li
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chuannan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lingli Ding
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lei Hou
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuehua Xiao
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Sun Y, Tian Q, Yuan L, Jiang Y, Huang Y, Sun M, Tang S, Luo K. Isolation and promoter analysis of a chalcone synthase gene PtrCHS4 from Populus trichocarpa. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2011; 30:1661-1671. [PMID: 21553109 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-011-1075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
As perennial plants, Populus species are constantly exposed to environmental stresses, such as wounding and pathogen attack, which lead to production of compounds including lignin, flavonoids and phytoalexins. Chalcone synthase (CHS) is a key enzyme in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. In this study, a cDNA clone encoding CHS was isolated from Populus trichocarpa by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The full-length cDNA, named PtrCHS4, was 1,314 bp with a 1,173 bp open reading frame that corresponded to a deduced protein of 391 amino acid residues. Multiple sequence alignments showed that PtrCHS4 shared high homology with CHS proteins from other plants. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PtrCHS4 was most closely related to PhCHS from Petunia hybrida and NaCHS from Nicotiana attenuata. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis identified that the PtrCHS4 gene was abundantly expressed in the leaves and stems, while its expression was drastically reduced in the roots. Transcript abundance of PtrCHS4 was stimulated by 2.5-fold within 24 h of wounding treatment. Promoter analysis confirmed that the PtrCHS4 promoter was capable of directing expression of the GUS reporter in both wounded and unwounded leaves of transgenic Chinese white poplar (P. tomentosa Carr.), indicating that the PtrCHS4 promoter is systemically responsive to wounding stimuli. Furthermore, promoter deletion analysis showed that the proximal 1,592 bp from the transcription start site were required for promoter activation by jasmonic acid and the -1,096 to -148 region was proved to be necessary for establishing wound-induced pattern of expression.
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MESH Headings
- Acyltransferases/genetics
- Acyltransferases/metabolism
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Blotting, Southern
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cyclopentanes/pharmacology
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/isolation & purification
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Gene Fusion
- Genes, Plant
- Genes, Reporter
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Oxylipins/pharmacology
- Phylogeny
- Plant Leaves/drug effects
- Plant Leaves/enzymology
- Plant Leaves/genetics
- Plant Leaves/physiology
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/metabolism
- Plant Roots/enzymology
- Plant Roots/genetics
- Plant Stems/enzymology
- Plant Stems/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified/drug effects
- Plants, Genetically Modified/enzymology
- Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified/physiology
- Populus/drug effects
- Populus/enzymology
- Populus/genetics
- Populus/physiology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, Protein/methods
- Stress, Physiological
- Transcriptional Activation
- Transformation, Genetic
- Transgenes
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Eco-environment and Bio-resource of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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