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Qiao S, Jin P, Liu X, Liang Y, Yang R, Bai W, Zhang D, Li X. Establishment of an Efficient and Rapid Regeneration System for a Rare Shrubby Desert Legume Eremosparton songoricum. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3535. [PMID: 37895998 PMCID: PMC10610040 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Eremosparton songoricum (Litv.) Vass. is a rare and extremely drought-tolerant legume shrub that is distributed in Central Asia. E. songoricum naturally grows on bare sand and can tolerate multiple extreme environmental conditions. It is a valuable and important plant resource for desertification prevention and environmental protection, as well as a good material for the exploration of stress tolerance mechanisms and excellent tolerant gene mining. However, the regeneration system for E. songoricum has not yet been established, which markedly limits the conservation and utilization of this endangered and valuable desert legume. Assimilated branches derived from seedlings were cultured on several MS mediums supplemented with various concentrations of TDZ or 6-BA in different combinations with NAA. The results showed that the most efficient multiplication medium was MS medium supplemented with 0.4 mg/L 6-BA and 0.1 mg/L NAA. The most efficient rooting medium was WPM + 25 g/L sucrose. The highest survival rate (77.8%) of transplantation was achieved when the ratio of sand to vermiculite was 1:1. In addition, the optimal callus induction medium was MS + 30 g/L sucrose + 2 mg/L TDZ + 0.5 mg/L NAA in darkness. The E. songoricum callus treated with 100 mM NaCl and 300 mM mannitol on MS medium could be used in proper salt and drought stress treatments in subsequent gene function tests. A rapid and efficient regeneration system for E. songoricum that allowed regeneration within 3 months was developed. The protocol will contribute to the conservation and utilization of this rare and endangered desert stress-tolerant species and also provide a fundamental basis for gene functional analysis in E. songoricum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (S.Q.); (P.J.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (R.Y.); (W.B.); (D.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (S.Q.); (P.J.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (R.Y.); (W.B.); (D.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (S.Q.); (P.J.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (R.Y.); (W.B.); (D.Z.)
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan 838008, China
| | - Yuqing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (S.Q.); (P.J.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (R.Y.); (W.B.); (D.Z.)
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan 838008, China
| | - Ruirui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (S.Q.); (P.J.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (R.Y.); (W.B.); (D.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenwan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (S.Q.); (P.J.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (R.Y.); (W.B.); (D.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Daoyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (S.Q.); (P.J.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (R.Y.); (W.B.); (D.Z.)
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan 838008, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (S.Q.); (P.J.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (R.Y.); (W.B.); (D.Z.)
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan 838008, China
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Zhang S, Wang L, Yang J, Wang J, Fu L, Fu Y. New insights in the chemical profiling of major metabolites in different pigeon pea cultivars using UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Choudhury A, Rajam MV. Genetic transformation of legumes: an update. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1813-1830. [PMID: 34230986 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02749-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent advances in legume genetic transformation and provides an insight into the critical factors that play a major role in the process. It also sheds light on some of the potential areas which may ameliorate the transformation of legumes. Legumes are an important group of dicotyledonous plants, highly enriched in proteins and minerals. Majority of the legume plants are cultivated in the arid and semi-arid parts of the world, and hence said to be climate resilient. They have the capability of atmospheric nitrogen fixation and thus play a vital role in the ecological sphere. However, the worldwide production of legumes is somehow not up to the mark and the yields are greatly affected by various biotic and abiotic stress factors. Genetic engineering strategies have emerged as a core of plant biology and remarkably facilitate the crop improvement programmes. A significant progress has been made towards the optimization of efficient transformation system for legume plants over the years but this group is still underutilized in comparison to other crops. Among the variety of available DNA delivery systems, Agrobacterium-mediated and particle bombardment have been primarily deployed for optimization and trait improvement. However, recalcitrance and genotype-dependence are some of the major bottlenecks for successful transformation. In this context, the present review summarizes the advances taken place in the area of legume transformation and provides an insight into the present scenario. The challenges and future possibilities for yield improvement have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparajita Choudhury
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Manchikatla V Rajam
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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Ramkumar N, Rathinam M, Singh S, Kesiraju K, Muniyandi V, Singh NK, Dash PK, Sreevathsa R. Assessment of Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) transgenics expressing Bt ICPs, Cry2Aa and Cry1AcF under nethouse containment implicated an effective control against herbivory by Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:1902-1911. [PMID: 31840900 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pigeonpea is a source of quality proteins and the main constituent of a well-balanced diet for majority of Indian population. One of the major constraints in the production of pigeonpea is a polyphagous insect pest, Helicoverpa armigera. Non-availability of resistant sources in the germplasm and limitations in conventional breeding have been key factors for continued yield losses. Additionally, hazards of chemical fertilizers on the environment have prompted the scientific community to develop alternative strategies. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal proteins (ICPs) have emerged as the most reliable source for the control of insect pests through transgenics. RESULTS Transgenic pigeonpea plants harboring validated Bt ICPs, Cry2Aa and Cry1AcF were developed by a non-tissue culture based in planta transformation strategy and assessed for integration of Transfer-DNA (T-DNA) and efficacy against pod borer under in vitro conditions. For the first time this study demonstrates the successful evaluation of 19 transgenic pigeonpea events (11 with cry2Aa and 8 with cry1AcF) under soil and pot conditions in a nethouse containment. The stability in the performance was assessed stringently by deliberate H. armigera larval challenging. The trial identified ten promising events of both the genes that portrayed reduced damage to the herbivore. CONCLUSION We present the first ever successful evaluation of pigeonpea transgenics with the ability to mitigate pod borer under nethouse conditions. The transgenics depicted molecular evidence for the stability of T-DNA integration, consistency in the expression of Cry proteins and resistance against H. armigera. These events can form a pool of useful transgenics to manage the devastating pod borer. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Ramkumar
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Maniraj Rathinam
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Singh
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Karthik Kesiraju
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Prasanta K Dash
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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Embryonic Explant and Plumular Meristem Transformation Methods for Development of Transgenic Pigeon Pea. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 31893456 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0235-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
A reliable pigeon pea transformation system can assist the rapid improvement of this important grain legume through transgenic development. Here we describe two methods of Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated pigeon pea transformation. In the tissue culture based embryonic explant transformation method, microshoot grafting was included to obtain rapid root induction, while the other method was culture independent and designated as plumular meristem transformation. Both methods drastically enhanced the transformation frequency and have the potential to provide reasonable solutions for maximum transgenic recovery in biotechnological breeding programs.
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Paes de Melo B, Lourenço-Tessutti IT, Morgante CV, Santos NC, Pinheiro LB, de Jesus Lins CB, Silva MCM, Macedo LLP, Fontes EPB, Grossi-de-Sa MF. Soybean Embryonic Axis Transformation: Combining Biolistic and Agrobacterium-Mediated Protocols to Overcome Typical Complications of In Vitro Plant Regeneration. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1228. [PMID: 32903423 PMCID: PMC7434976 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The first successful attempt to generate genetically modified plants expressing a transgene was preformed via T-DNA-based gene transfer employing Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation. Limitations over infectivity and in vitro tissue culture led to the development of other DNA delivery systems, such as the biolistic method. Herein, we developed a new one-step protocol for transgenic soybean recovery by combining the two different transformation methods. This protocol comprises the following steps: agrobacterial preparation, seed sterilization, soybean embryo excision, shoot-cell injury by tungsten-microparticle bombardment, A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation, embryo co-cultivation in vitro, and selection of transgenic plants. This protocol can be completed in approximately 30-40 weeks. The average efficiency of producing transgenic soybean germlines using this protocol was 9.84%, similar to other previously described protocols. However, we introduced a more cost-effective, more straightforward and shorter methodology for transgenic plant recovery, which allows co-cultivation and plant regeneration in a single step, decreasing the chances of contamination and making the manipulation easier. Finally, as a hallmark, our protocol does not generate plant chimeras, in contrast to traditional plant regeneration protocols applied in other Agrobacterium-mediated transformation methods. Therefore, this new approach of plant transformation is applicable for studies of gene function and the production of transgenic cultivars carrying different traits for precision-breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Paes de Melo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Brazil
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions (INCTIPP), BIOAGRO, Viçosa, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Isabela Tristan Lourenço-Tessutti
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Carolina Vianna Morgante
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Naiara Cordeiro Santos
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Luanna Bezerra Pinheiro
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasilia, Brazil
- Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology PPG, Universidade Católica de Brasília (UCB), Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Camila Barrozo de Jesus Lins
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Matar Silva
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Lima Pepino Macedo
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Pacheco Batista Fontes
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions (INCTIPP), BIOAGRO, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Maria Fatima Grossi-de-Sa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasilia, Brazil
- Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology PPG, Universidade Católica de Brasília (UCB), Brasilia, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Maria Fatima Grossi-de-Sa,
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Zhao X, Meng Z, Wang Y, Chen W, Sun C, Cui B, Cui J, Yu M, Zeng Z, Guo S, Luo D, Cheng JQ, Zhang R, Cui H. Pollen magnetofection for genetic modification with magnetic nanoparticles as gene carriers. NATURE PLANTS 2017; 3:956-964. [PMID: 29180813 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-017-0063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Genetic modification plays a vital role in breeding new crops with excellent traits. Almost all the current genetic modification methods require regeneration from tissue culture, involving complicated, long and laborious processes. In particular, many crop species such as cotton are difficult to regenerate. Here, we report a novel transformation platform technology, pollen magnetofection, to directly produce transgenic seeds without regeneration. In this system, exogenous DNA loaded with magnetic nanoparticles was delivered into pollen in the presence of a magnetic field. Through pollination with magnetofected pollen, transgenic plants were successfully generated from transformed seeds. Exogenous DNA was successfully integrated into the genome, effectively expressed and stably inherited in the offspring. Our system is culture-free and genotype independent. In addition, it is simple, fast and capable of multi-gene transformation. We envision that pollen magnetofection can transform almost all crops, greatly facilitating breeding processes of new varieties of transgenic crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Meng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changjiao Sun
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Cui
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhui Cui
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Manli Yu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanghua Zeng
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sandui Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Jerry Q Cheng
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Haixin Cui
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Ghosh G, Ganguly S, Purohit A, Chaudhuri RK, Das S, Chakraborti D. Transgenic pigeonpea events expressing Cry1Ac and Cry2Aa exhibit resistance to Helicoverpa armigera. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:1037-1051. [PMID: 28352969 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2133-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Independent transgenic pigeonpea events were developed using two cry genes. Transgenic Cry2Aa-pigeonpea was established for the first time. Selected transgenic events demonstrated 100% mortality of Helicoverpa armigera in successive generations. Lepidopteran insect Helicoverpa armigera is the major yield constraint of food legume pigeonpea. The present study was aimed to develop H. armigera-resistant transgenic pigeonpea, selected on the basis of transgene expression and phenotyping. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of embryonic axis explants of pigeonpea cv UPAS 120 was performed using two separate binary vectors carrying synthetic Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein genes, cry1Ac and cry2Aa. T0 transformants were selected on the basis of PCR and protein expression profile. T1 events were exclusively selected on the basis of expression and monogenic character for cry, validated through Western and Southern blot analyses, respectively. Independently transformed 12 Cry1Ac and 11 Cry2Aa single-copy events were developed. The level of Cry-protein expression in T1 transgenic events was 0.140-0.175% of total soluble protein. Expressed Cry1Ac and Cry2Aa proteins in transgenic pigeonpea exhibited significant weight loss of second-fourth instar larvae of H. armigera and ultimately 80-100% mortality in detached leaf bioassay. Selected Cry-transgenic pigeonpea events, established at T2 generation, inherited insect-resistant phenotype. Immunohistofluorescence localization in T3 plants demonstrated constitutive accumulation of Cry1Ac and Cry2Aa in leaf tissues of respective transgenic events. This study is the first report of transgenic pigeonpea development, where stable integration, effective expression and biological activity of two Cry proteins were demonstrated in subsequent three generations (T0, T1, and T2). These studies will contribute to biotechnological breeding programmes of pigeonpea for its genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourab Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), 30, Park Street, Kolkata, 700016, West Bengal, India
| | - Shreeparna Ganguly
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), 30, Park Street, Kolkata, 700016, West Bengal, India
| | - Arnab Purohit
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), 30, Park Street, Kolkata, 700016, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Sampa Das
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, P1/12 C.I.T. Scheme VII M, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipankar Chakraborti
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), 30, Park Street, Kolkata, 700016, West Bengal, India.
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Patil BL, Kumar PL. Pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus: a legume-infecting Emaravirus from South Asia. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2015; 16:775-86. [PMID: 0 PMCID: PMC6638375 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus (PPSMV), a species of the genus Emaravirus, is the causal agent of sterility mosaic disease (SMD) of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp]. This disease, dubbed the 'green plague', as the infected plants remain in the vegetative state without flower production, has been reported from India and a few other South-East Asian countries. SMD is estimated to result in an annual yield loss of over US$300 million in India alone. The aetiology of SMD, which remained a mystery for over 70 years, was resolved with the discovery of PPSMV in 2000 and its complete genome sequence in 2014. AETIOLOGY AND VIRUS TRANSMISSION SMD is characterized by stunted and bushy plants, leaves of reduced size with chlorotic rings or mosaic symptoms, and partial or complete cessation of flower production (i.e. sterility). The causal agent of the disease is PPSMV, a virus with a segmented, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genome, transmitted in a semi-persistent manner by an eriophyid mite Aceria cajani Channabassavanna (Acari: Arthropoda). Both the virus and vector are highly specific to pigeonpea and a few of its wild relatives, such as C. scarabaeoides and C. cajanifolius. Under experimental conditions, PPSMV was transmitted to Nicotiana benthamiana by sap inoculation using fresh extract of SMD-infected leaves (but not to pigeonpea); however, purified nucleoprotein preparations are not infectious. The virus was also transmitted to French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) using viruliferous eriophyid mites. PPSMV is not seed transmitted in pigeonpea or other hosts known to be infected by this virus. On the basis of the differential host reactions in different geographical locations, the occurrence of diverse PPSMV strains was suspected. HOST RANGE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY PPSMV can infect several genotypes of cultivated and wild relatives of pigeonpea. Experimental hosts include N. benthamiana, N. clevelandii, P. vulgaris and Chrozophora rottleri. However, pigeonpea alone and a few wild species of Cajanus were found to support the vector A. cajani. SMD is endemic in most of the pigeonpea-growing regions of India, but the incidence varies widely between regions and years. In nature, A. cajani populations were almost exclusively observed on SMD-infected pigeonpea, but not on healthy plants, indicating a strong communalistic relationship between the virus-infected plants and the vector. The epidemiology of SMD involves the virus, mite vector, cultivar and environmental conditions. Infected perennial and volunteer plants serve as a source for both the virus and its vector mites, and play an important role in the disease cycle. GENOME ORGANIZATION, GENE FUNCTION AND TAXONOMY The PPSMV genome contains five segments of single-stranded RNA that are predicted to encode proteins in negative sense. The ribonucleoprotein complex is encased in quasi-spherical, membrane-bound virus particles of 100-150 nm. The largest segment, RNA-1, is 7022 nucleotides in length and codes for RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (2295 amino acids); RNA-2, with a sequence length of 2223 nucleotides, codes for glycoproteins (649 amino acids); RNA-3, with a sequence length of 1442 nucleotides, codes for nucleocapsid protein (309 amino acids); RNA-4, with a sequence length of 1563 nucleotides, codes for a putative movement protein p4 (362 amino acids); and RNA-5, with a sequence length of 1689 nucleotides, codes for p5 (474 amino acids), a protein with unknown function. PPSMV was recently classified as a species in the genus Emaravirus, a genus whose members show features resembling those of members of the genera Tospovirus (Family: Bunyaviridae) and Tenuivirus, both of which comprise single-stranded RNA viruses that encode proteins by an ambisense strategy. SMD CONTROL The disease is mainly controlled using SMD-resistant cultivars. However, the occurrence of distinct strains/isolates of PPSMV in different locations makes it difficult to incorporate broad-spectrum resistance. Studies on the inheritance of SMD resistance in different cultivars against different isolates of PPSMV indicate that the resistance is mostly governed by recessive genes, although there are contrasting interpretations of the data. Genetic engineering through RNA-interference (RNAi) and resistant gene-based strategies are some of the potential approaches for the transgenic control of SMD. Seed treatment or soil and foliar application of a number of organophosphorus-based insecticides or acaricides, which are recommended for the management of the vector mites, are seldom practised because of prohibitive costs and also their risks to human health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basavaprabhu L Patil
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, IARI, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - P Lava Kumar
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Krishna G, Singh BK, Kim EK, Morya VK, Ramteke PW. Progress in genetic engineering of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)--a review. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 13:147-62. [PMID: 25626474 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a major species of the family, Leguminosae, and economically important not only for vegetable oil but as a source of proteins, minerals and vitamins. It is widely grown in the semi-arid tropics and plays a role in the world agricultural economy. Peanut production and productivity is constrained by several biotic (insect pests and diseases) and abiotic (drought, salinity, water logging and temperature aberrations) stresses, as a result of which crop experiences serious economic losses. Genetic engineering techniques such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens and DNA-bombardment-mediated transformation are used as powerful tools to complement conventional breeding and expedite peanut improvement by the introduction of agronomically useful traits in high-yield background. Resistance to several fungal, virus and insect pest have been achieved through variety of approaches ranging from gene coding for cell wall component, pathogenesis-related proteins, oxalate oxidase, bacterial chloroperoxidase, coat proteins, RNA interference, crystal proteins etc. To develop transgenic plants withstanding major abiotic stresses, genes coding transcription factors for drought and salinity, cytokinin biosynthesis, nucleic acid processing, ion antiporter and human antiapoptotic have been used. Moreover, peanut has also been used in vaccine production for the control of several animal diseases. In addition to above, this study also presents a comprehensive account on the influence of some important factors on peanut genetic engineering. Future research thrusts not only suggest the use of different approaches for higher expression of transgene(s) but also provide a way forward for the improvement of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Krishna
- Jacob School of Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences (Formerly Allahabad Agricultural Institute), Deemed University, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Peñaranda MI, Ligarreto GA, Manuel Nuñez V. Estudios de transformación genética en arveja voluble cultivar Santa Isabel. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE BIOTECNOLOGÍA 2013. [DOI: 10.15446/rev.colomb.biote.v15n2.41264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Atif RM, Patat-Ochatt EM, Svabova L, Ondrej V, Klenoticova H, Jacas L, Griga M, Ochatt SJ. Gene Transfer in Legumes. PROGRESS IN BOTANY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-30967-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] for resistance to legume pod borer Helicoverpa armigera. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12892-010-0063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Krishna G, Reddy PS, Ramteke PW, Rambabu P, Sohrab SS, Rana D, Bhattacharya P. In vitro regeneration through organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis in pigeon pea [ Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] cv. JKR105. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 17:375-85. [PMID: 23573031 PMCID: PMC3550589 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-011-0079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In vitro regeneration of pigeon pea through organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis was demonstrated with pigeon pea cv. JKR105. Embryonic axes explants of pigeon pea showed greater regeneration of shoot buds on 2.5 mg L(-1) 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) in the medium, followed by further elongation at lower concentrations. Rooting of shoots was observed on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 2 % sucrose and 0.5 mg L(-1) 3-indolebutyric acid (IBA). On the other hand, the regeneration of globular embryos from cotyledon explant was faster and greater with thidiazuron (TDZ) than BAP with sucrose as carbohydrate source. These globular embryos were maturated on MS medium with abscisic acid (ABA) and finally germinated on half-strength MS medium at lower concentrations of BAP. Comparison of regeneration pathways in pigeon pea cv. JKR105 showed that the turnover of successful establishment of plants achieved through organogenesis was more compared to somatic embryogenesis, despite the production of more embryos than shoot buds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Krishna
- />College of Biotechnology & Allied Sciences, Allahabad Agricultural Institute Deemed University, Allahabad, 211 007 UP India
- />Biotechnology Division, JK Agri Genetics Ltd., 1-10-77, 4th Floor, Varun Towers, Begumpet, Hyderabad, 500 016 AP India
| | - P. Sairam Reddy
- />Biotechnology Division, JK Agri Genetics Ltd., 1-10-77, 4th Floor, Varun Towers, Begumpet, Hyderabad, 500 016 AP India
| | - Pramod W. Ramteke
- />College of Biotechnology & Allied Sciences, Allahabad Agricultural Institute Deemed University, Allahabad, 211 007 UP India
| | - Pogiri Rambabu
- />Biotechnology Division, JK Agri Genetics Ltd., 1-10-77, 4th Floor, Varun Towers, Begumpet, Hyderabad, 500 016 AP India
| | - Sayed S. Sohrab
- />Biotechnology Division, JK Agri Genetics Ltd., 1-10-77, 4th Floor, Varun Towers, Begumpet, Hyderabad, 500 016 AP India
| | - Debashis Rana
- />Biotechnology Division, JK Agri Genetics Ltd., 1-10-77, 4th Floor, Varun Towers, Begumpet, Hyderabad, 500 016 AP India
| | - Parthasarathi Bhattacharya
- />Biotechnology Division, JK Agri Genetics Ltd., 1-10-77, 4th Floor, Varun Towers, Begumpet, Hyderabad, 500 016 AP India
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