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Guo Y, Kong Y, Sun J, Jiao Y, Hong Y, Wang Y. Alleviation of ultraviolet-B radiation-induced photoaging using Saussurea medusa Maxim polysaccharide. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:622-632. [PMID: 37732548 DOI: 10.1111/php.13855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Saussurea medusa polysaccharide, the polysaccharide extract of Saussurea medusa Maxim, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, is used to combat intense ultraviolet radiation, cold, and hypoxia in patients, as well as during drought. This polysaccharide has rich medicinal and ecological values. We aimed to determine whether saussurea medusa polysaccharides can reduce ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced skin photoaging. Seventy-five male Kunming mice were divided into five groups: control, UVB-only, UVB plus vitamin E (VE group), UVB plus saussurea medusa (2 g/kg), and UVB plus saussurea medusa (6 g/kg). The control group was irradiated with normal light, while the other four groups were subcutaneously administered 10 mL/kg/day D-galactose and irradiated with narrow-spectrum UVB for 40 min daily. From day 11, the VE group was administered 0.25 g/kg/day vitamin E, while the saussurea medusa intervention groups were administered 2 and 6 g/kg/day saussurea medusa polysaccharide. After 30 days of continuous administration, treatment with saussurea medusa polysaccharides was found to reduce UVB-induced skin photoaging in mice by elevating the levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and hydroxyproline (HYP), while reducing the level of MDA, and inhibiting the EGFR/MEK/ERK/c-Fos pathway. Overall, our findings suggest that treatment with saussurea medusa polysaccharides positively influences skin photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Yue Kong
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine and Public Hygiene, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Sun
- Department of Neurology, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Yan Hong
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China
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Wang J, Dai W, Chen J, Ye K, Lai Q, Zhao D. Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Genetic Structure of Saussurea medusa (Asteraceae), a "Sky Island" Plant in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Using SRAP Markers. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2463. [PMID: 37447024 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Saussurea medusa Maxim. is a typical "sky island" species and one with the highest altitude distributions among flowering plants. The present study aimed at analyzing the genetic diversity and population structure of 300 S. medusa accessions collected from 20 populations in the Qilian Mountains in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), using sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers. A total of 14 SRAP primer combinations were employed to analyze genetic diversity and population structure across all accessions. Out of 511 amplified bands, 496 (97.06%) were polymorphic. The populations in the eastern Qilian Mountains had significantly higher genetic diversity than those in the central and western groups. Population structure analysis revealed greater genetic differentiation among populations with a Gst of 0.4926. UPGMA-based clustering classified the 300 S. medusa accessions into 3 major clusters, while the Bayesian STRUCTURE analysis categorized them into 2 groups. Correlation analyses showed that the genetic affinity of the populations was based on differences in geographical distance, moisture conditions, and photothermal conditions between the habitats. This study represents the first comprehensive genetic assessment of S. medusa and provides important genetic baseline data for the conservation of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Crop Characteristic Resources Creation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mianyang 621022, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Crop Characteristic Resources Creation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mianyang 621022, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Crop Characteristic Resources Creation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mianyang 621022, China
| | - Kunhao Ye
- Crop Characteristic Resources Creation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mianyang 621022, China
| | - Qianglong Lai
- Crop Characteristic Resources Creation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mianyang 621022, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Crop Characteristic Resources Creation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mianyang 621022, China
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Li F, Zhang Y, Tian C, Wang X, Zhou L, Jiang J, Wang L, Chen F, Chen S. Molecular module of CmMYB15-like-Cm4CL2 regulating lignin biosynthesis of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) in response to aphid (Macrosiphoniella sanborni) feeding. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:1776-1793. [PMID: 36444553 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a major component of plant cell walls and a conserved basic defense mechanism in higher plants deposited in response to aphid infection. However, the molecular mechanisms of lignin biosynthesis in response to aphid infection and the effect of lignin on aphid feeding behavior remain unclear. We report that 4-Coumarate:coenzyme A ligase 2 (Cm4CL2), a gene encoding a key enzyme in the lignin biosynthesis pathway, is induced by aphid feeding, resulting in lignin deposition and reduced aphid attack. Upstream regulator analysis showed that the expression of Cm4CL2 in response to aphid feeding was directly upregulated by CmMYB15-like, an SG2-type R2R3-MYB transcription factor. CmMYB15-like binds directly to the AC cis-element in the promoter region of Cm4CL2. Genetic validation demonstrated that CmMYB15-like was induced by aphid infection and contributed to lignin deposition and cell wall thickening, which consequently enhanced aphid resistance in a Cm4CL2-dependent manner. This study is the first to show that the CmMYB15-like-Cm4CL2 module regulates lignin biosynthesis in response to aphid feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement / Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration / College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement / Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration / College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement / Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration / College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement / Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration / College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lijie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement / Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration / College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement / Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration / College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - LiKai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement / Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration / College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fadi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement / Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration / College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sumei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement / Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration / College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Jing N, Shi J, Hu J, Sun Z. Comparative study on flavonoids from Tibetan medicinal plants Saussurea species using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2023.2165096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nianhua Jing
- College of Biological Resources and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, China
| | - Junyou Shi
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- College of Biological Resources and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
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Virendra SA, Sahu C, Kumar A, Chawla PA. Natural Antioxidants as Additional Weapons in the Fight against Malarial Parasite. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:2045-2067. [PMID: 35524663 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220504172655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND All currently available antimalarial drugs are developed from natural product lineages that may be traced back to herbal medicines, including quinine, lapachol, and artemisinin. Natural products that primarily target free radicals or reactive oxygen species, play an important role in treating malaria. OBJECTIVES This review analyses the role of antioxidative therapy in treating malaria by scavenging or countering free radicals and reviews the importance of natural plant extracts as antioxidants in oxidative therapy of malaria treatment. METHODS The search for natural antioxidants was conducted using the following databases: ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Bentham Science with the keywords malaria, reactive oxygen species, natural antioxidants, and antiplasmodial. CONCLUSION This study reviewed various literature sources related to natural products employed in antimalarial therapy directly or indirectly by countering/scavenging reactive oxygen species published between 2016 till date. The literature survey made it possible to summarize the natural products used in treating malaria, emphasizing botanical extracts as a single component and in association with other botanical extracts. Natural antioxidants like polyphenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids, have a broad range of biological effects against malaria. This review is pivoted around natural antioxidants obtained from food and medicinal plants and explores their application in restraining reactive oxygen species (ROS). We anticipate this article will provide information for future research on the role of antioxidant therapy in malaria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharma Arvind Virendra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab, India
| | - Chandrakant Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab, India
| | - Ankur Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab, India
| | - Pooja Abrol Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab, India
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Gong G, Huang J, Yang Y, Qi B, Han G, Zheng Y, He H, Chan K, Tsim KW, Dong TT. Saussureae Involucratae Herba (Snow Lotus): Review of Chemical Compositions and Pharmacological Properties. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1549. [PMID: 32009958 PMCID: PMC6971814 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Saussureae Involucratae Herba is the dried ground part of Saussurea involucrata (Kar. et Kir.) Sch.-Bip, which is also named as “Snow lotus” and being used in traditional Uyghur and/or Chinese medicine. This rare herb can be found at 4,000 m elevation in western part of Tianshan Mountain, Xinjiang China. According to China Pharmacopoeia (2015), the major pharmaceutical values of “Snow lotus” (Xuě liánhuā in Chinese) are alleviating rheumatoid arthritis, accelerating blood circulation and mitigating other “cold” syndromes. Traditionally, the clinical application of “Snow lotus” includes the treatments in inflammation-associated disorder, blood circulation acceleration and heat and dampness elimination. Recent studies suggested that “Snow lotus” possessed therapeutic effects associating with anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, adipogenesis suppression and neuroprotection activities, which were proposed to be related with its bioactive constitutes, i.e. acacetin, hispidulin, and rutin. In the present review, we aim to summarize pharmacological effects and underlying cell signaling pathways of “Snow lotus” in treating various medical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Gong
- Department of Biological Engineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jing Huang
- College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Baohui Qi
- Department of Biological Engineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Guangyi Han
- Gansu Institute for Drug Control, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuzhong Zheng
- Department of Biology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, China
| | - Huan He
- Department of Biological Engineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Kelvin Chan
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Karl Wk Tsim
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tina Tx Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Dai CY, Liao PR, Zhao MZ, Gong C, Dang Y, Qu Y, Qiu LS. Optimization of Ultrasonic Flavonoid Extraction from Saussurea involucrate, and the Ability of Flavonoids to Block Melanin Deposition in Human Melanocytes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25020313. [PMID: 31941038 PMCID: PMC7024147 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Flavonoids are the primary medicinal ingredient of Saussurea involucrate, which have significant antioxidant capacity. Optimizing the extraction of Saussurea involucrate flavonoids (SIFs) and exploring the ability to block melanin deposition caused by reactive oxygen can greatly promote the development of S. involucrate whitening products. (2) Methods: Ultrasonic extraction process was optimized using the Box-Behnken design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM). Then, the effect of SIFs on antioxidant activity and anti-deposition of melanin, and genes related to the melanin synthesis are studied. (3) Results: The optimal extraction procedures are as follows: the extraction time, ethanol content, and solvent ratio (v/w) are 64 min, 54%, and 54:1, respectively. The reducing activity and scavenging rates of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, and ABTS+ were promoted as more S. involucrate flavonoid extract was added. The SIFs extract induced a decrease in the melanin synthesis by inhibiting the human melanoma A375 cell tyrosinase activity. SIFs also depress expression of melanin synthesis related genes. (4) Conclusions: the highest SIFs content was obtained by using 54% ethanol and 54:1 solvent ratio (v/w) for 64 min. The extract of SIFs exhibited good ability of antioxidant and anti-deposition of melanin in human melanocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Dai
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (C.-Y.D.); (P.-R.L.); (M.-Z.Z.); (C.G.); (Y.D.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming 650500, China
- Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Analysis and Testing Center, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Pei-Ran Liao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (C.-Y.D.); (P.-R.L.); (M.-Z.Z.); (C.G.); (Y.D.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming 650500, China
- Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Analysis and Testing Center, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ming-Zhuo Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (C.-Y.D.); (P.-R.L.); (M.-Z.Z.); (C.G.); (Y.D.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming 650500, China
- Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Analysis and Testing Center, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chao Gong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (C.-Y.D.); (P.-R.L.); (M.-Z.Z.); (C.G.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yue Dang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (C.-Y.D.); (P.-R.L.); (M.-Z.Z.); (C.G.); (Y.D.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming 650500, China
- Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Analysis and Testing Center, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuan Qu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (C.-Y.D.); (P.-R.L.); (M.-Z.Z.); (C.G.); (Y.D.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming 650500, China
- Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Analysis and Testing Center, Kunming 650500, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Q.); (L.-S.Q.); Tel.: +86-136-6970-6827 (Y.Q.); +86-136-7872-4800 (L.-S.Q.)
| | - Li-Sha Qiu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (C.-Y.D.); (P.-R.L.); (M.-Z.Z.); (C.G.); (Y.D.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming 650500, China
- Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Analysis and Testing Center, Kunming 650500, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Q.); (L.-S.Q.); Tel.: +86-136-6970-6827 (Y.Q.); +86-136-7872-4800 (L.-S.Q.)
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Semwal P, Painuli S. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and GC-MS profiling of Saussurea obvallata (Brahma Kamal) from Uttarakhand Himalaya. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-019-0105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Yang R, Guan Y, Wang W, Chen H, He Z, Jia AQ. Antioxidant capacity of phenolics in Camellia nitidissima Chi flowers and their identification by HPLC Triple TOF MS/MS. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195508. [PMID: 29634769 PMCID: PMC5892910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Camellia nitidissima Chi (CNC) is a valuable medicinal and edible plant in China. In this study, CNC flowers were extracted with 95% ethanol, then partitioned into dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water fractions, with the antioxidant capacity of flavonoids and other phytochemicals in CNC flowers investigated for the first time. Results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the strongest antioxidant capacity and highest total phenolic content (TPC) compared with the other fractions. Furthermore, in the ethyl acetate fraction, the 50% effective concentrations (EC50) of ABTS+ and DPPH radical scavenging activities were 64.24 ± 1.80 and 78.80 ± 0.34 μg/mL, respectively, and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) was 801.49 ± 2.30 μM FeSO4 at 1,000 μg/mL. Pearson’s correlation coefficients and principal component analyses (PCA) for the TPC and antioxidant capacity of the five fractions indicated that the phenolic compounds were the major antioxidant constituents in the flowers. To exploit the antioxidants in CNC flowers, 21 phenolic compounds in the ethanolic extract fraction were identified by HPLC Triple TOF MS/MS, next, 12 flavonoids were isolated and elucidated, of which compounds 1–5 showed potent antioxidant capacity. In addition, the potential structure-activity relationship among these 12 flavonoids showed that (1) the o-catechol group in the B-ring was primarily responsible for the antioxidant capacity of flavonoids and (2) steric hindrance, produced by glycosides and other groups, could reduce the antioxidant capacity of the flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry Education, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Guan
- Inspection and Pattern Evaluation Department, Suzhou Institute of Measurement and Testing, Suzhou, China
| | - Weixin Wang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaochun He
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Ai-Qun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry Education, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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Wang X, Chu L, Liu C, Wei R, Xue X, Xu Y, Wu M, Miao Q. Therapeutic effects of Saussurea involucrata injection against severe acute pancreatitis- induced brain injury in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 100:564-574. [PMID: 29494987 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To observe the therapeutic effects of Saussurea involucrata (Sau) injection against severe acute pancreatitis (SAP)-induced brain injury. METHODS Sodium taurocholate-induced SAP-modeled rats were equally randomized into an SAP model group (SAP group) and a Sau treated group (Sau + S group). Healthy rats were equally randomized into a Sau treated group (Sau + H group) and a sham operation group (SO group). Serum amylase levels, endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) contents were determined by optical turbidimetry, ELISA and nitrate reductase method respectively. Western blot was used to detect protein expression levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), ET-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) while mRNA levels of these biomarkers in brain tissue were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Furthermore, pathological changes, as well as all above indexes of pancreas and brain, were observed at 6, 24 and 48 h after administration. RESULTS There was a significant difference in mortality between SAP and Sau + S groups (P < 0.05). Serum amylase levels, ET-1 and NO contents, ET-1/NO ratio, relative expression levels of ET-1 and iNOS protein/mRNA of brain tissue in Sau + S group were lower than those in SAP group at 24 and 48 h post-operation (P < 0.05 or 0.01), meanwhile, pancreas and brain pathological scores showed similar tendency (P < 0.01). However, both protein and mRNA levels of PI3K, Akt and eNOS of brain tissue in Sau + S group were higher than those in SAP group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in all indexes between Sau + H and SO groups at all designated time points (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Sau injection has therapeutic effects on SAP-induced brain injury in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Danyang People's Hospital, Danyang 212300, JS, China.
| | - Lei Chu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Danyang People's Hospital, Danyang 212300, JS, China.
| | - Chun Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, JS, China.
| | - Ronglong Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Danyang People's Hospital, Danyang 212300, JS, China.
| | - Xianglong Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Danyang People's Hospital, Danyang 212300, JS, China.
| | - Yuefen Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Danyang People's Hospital, Danyang 212300, JS, China.
| | - Mengjie Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Danyang People's Hospital, Danyang 212300, JS, China.
| | - Qing Miao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Danyang People's Hospital, Danyang 212300, JS, China.
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Wei S, Yang W, Wang X, Hou Y. High genetic diversity in an endangered medicinal plant, Saussurea involucrata (Saussurea, Asteraceae), in western Tianshan Mountains, China. CONSERV GENET 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-017-0991-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Han X, Su D, Xian X, Zhou M, Li X, Huang J, Wang J, Gao H. Inhibitory effects of Saussurea involucrata (Kar. et Kir.) Sch. -Bip. on adjuvant arthritis in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:228-235. [PMID: 27616030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Saussurea involucrate (Kar. et Kir.) Sch. -Bip is an endangered species of the Compositae family, and this species has long been used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, dysmenorrhea, stomachache, and altitude sickness in Uighur folk and Chinese medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the different therapeutic efficacy of alcohol infusion (SEI) and water decoction (SWD) of S. involucrata in treating rheumatoid arthritis using complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis (AA) in a rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats (160-180g) were immunized by intradermal injection of 0.1mL of CFA into the left hind metatarsal footpad. Aspirin was chosen as the positive drug. Alcohol infusion (SEI, 400 and 800mg/kg) and water decoction (SWD, 443 and 886mg/kg) of S. involucrata aerial parts were orally administered from day 1 and continued for 21 days. Arthritis severity was evaluated by arthritic score, body weight loss, and paw swelling. The levels of TNF-α, IL-β, and IL-6 in the serum of AA rats were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Histological changes in the ankle joint were also analyzed in the AA rats. RESULTS Both SEI and SWD significantly ameliorated AA severity, as suggested by the modulatory effects on body weight loss, paw swelling, and arthritic score. Histopathological improvement in the joint architecture was also observed in the SEI- and SWD-treated AA rats. The overproduction of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 was remarkably attenuated in the serum of all treated rats. Furthermore, the therapeutic effect of SWD was more potent than that of SEI in treating rheumatoid arthritis using AA in a rat model, which was reported for the first time. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that the extract of S. involucrata significantly attenuated adjuvant arthritis in rats by decreasing the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the serum. S. involucrata has the potential to be regarded as a candidate for the treatment of human arthritis. Moreover, the therapeutic effect of SWD was much better than alcohol infusion, indicting that active constituents are mainly in the water extract, which is helpful for the clinical treatments to choose the appropriate process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Han
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Su
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Xian
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyang Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianzhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
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Chen QL, Zhu L, Tang YN, Kwan HY, Zhao ZZ, Chen HB, Yi T. Comparative evaluation of chemical profiles of three representative 'snow lotus' herbs by UPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS combined with principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses. Drug Test Anal 2016; 9:1105-1115. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Lei Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine; Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; P.R. China
- Institute of Research and Continuing Education (Shenzhen); Hong Kong Baptist University; Shenzhen P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Shenzhen Research Institute; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shenzhen P.R. China
| | - Yi-Na Tang
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Sichuan P.R. China
| | - Hiu-Yee Kwan
- School of Chinese Medicine; Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Zhen Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine; Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; P.R. China
| | - Hu-Biao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine; Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; P.R. China
| | - Tao Yi
- School of Chinese Medicine; Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; P.R. China
- Institute of Research and Continuing Education (Shenzhen); Hong Kong Baptist University; Shenzhen P.R. China
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Li C, Qiu J, Yang G, Huang S, Yin J. Isolation and characterization of a R2R3-MYB transcription factor gene related to anthocyanin biosynthesis in the spathes of Anthurium andraeanum (Hort.). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:2151-65. [PMID: 27424029 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-2025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE A R2R3-MYB gene AaMYB2 was isolated from Anthurium andraeanum (Hort.) and was functionally characterized to be a positive transcriptional regulator for anthocyanin biosynthesis in the spathes and leaves. Spathe coloration is an important Anthurium andraeanum (Hort.) characteristic, which is mainly contributed by anthocyanins. R2R3-MYB transcription factors (TFs) are important regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants. Here we describe the identification and characterization of AaMYB2, a member in subgroup 6 of the R2R3-MYB TFs family, which correlated with anthocyanin biosynthesis in A. andraeanum. AaMYB2 was a nuclear-localization protein with positive transcriptional activity, and prominently expressed in the red spathes. Ectopic expression of AaMYB2 in tobacco led to anthocyanin accumulation and up-regulation of the early and late anthocyanin pathway genes, particularly NtDFR, NtANS, and NtUFGT, and the endogenous TF genes NtAn2 and NtAn1 in leaves. In the developing red spathes of 'Tropical' and 'Vitara', the expression of AaMYB2 was closely linked to anthocyanin accumulation, and co-expressed with AaCHS, AaF3H, and AaANS, the latter two of which were regarded as the potential targets of the R locus encoding a TF controlling spathe colors inheritance in anthurium. In addition, the transcription level of AaMYB2 in various cultivars with different color phenotypes showed that AaMYB2 was drastically expressed in the spathes from the red, pink, and purple cultivars, but hardly detected in the spathes from the white and green ones. Besides, AaMYB2 also showed higher expression in newly developmental leaves when anthocyanin was actively biosynthesized. Taken together, AaMYB2 positively related to anthocyanin biosynthesis in anthurium spathes and leaves, and appeared to regulate the expression of AaF3H, AaANS, and possibly AaCHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonghui Li
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, The Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS)/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, 571737, China
- The Engineering Technology Research Center of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan Province, China
| | - Jian Qiu
- Rubber Research Institute, CATAS/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, 571737, China
| | - Guangsui Yang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, The Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS)/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, 571737, China
- The Engineering Technology Research Center of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan Province, China
| | - Surong Huang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, The Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS)/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, 571737, China
- The Engineering Technology Research Center of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan Province, China
| | - Junmei Yin
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, The Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS)/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, 571737, China.
- The Engineering Technology Research Center of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan Province, China.
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Chik WI, Zhu L, Fan LL, Yi T, Zhu GY, Gou XJ, Tang YN, Xu J, Yeung WP, Zhao ZZ, Yu ZL, Chen HB. Saussurea involucrata: A review of the botany, phytochemistry and ethnopharmacology of a rare traditional herbal medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 172:44-60. [PMID: 26113182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Saussurea involucrata Matsum. & Koidz. is an endangered species of the Asteraceae family, growing in the high mountains of central Asia. It has been, and is, widely used in traditional Uyghur, Mongolian and Kazakhstan medicine as well as in Traditional Chinese Medicine as Tianshan Snow Lotus (Chinese: ). In traditional medical theory, S. involucrata can promote blood circulation, thereby alleviating all symptoms associated with poor circulation. It also reputedly eliminates cold and dampness from the body, diminishes inflammation, invigorates, and strengthens Yin and Yang. It has long been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, cough with cold, stomach ache, dysmenorrhea, and altitude sickness in Uyghur and Chinese medicine. AIM OF THE REVIEW To comprehensively summarize the miscellaneous research that has been done regarding the botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, biological activity, and toxicology of S. involucrata. METHOD An extensive review of the literature was carried out. Apart from different electronic databases including SciFinder, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), ScienceDirect that were sourced for information, abstracts, full-text articles and books written in English and Chinese, including those traditional records tracing back to the Qing Dynasty. Pharmacopoeia of China and other local herbal records in Uighur, Mongolian and Kazakhstan ethnomedicines were investigated and compared for pertinent information. RESULTS The phytochemistry of S. involucrata has been comprehensively investigated. More than 70 compounds have been isolated and identified; they include phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, coumarins, lignans, sesquiterpenes, steroids, ceramides, polysaccharides. Scientific studies on the biological activity of S. involucrata are equally numerous. The herb has been shown to have anti-neoplastic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-oxidative, anti-fatigue, anti-aging, anti-hypoxic, neuroprotective and immunomodulating effects. Many have shown correlations to the traditional clinical applications in Traditional Chinese Medicine and medicines. The possible mechanisms of S. involucrata in treating various cancers are revealed in the article, these include inhibition of cancer cells by affecting their growth, adhesion, migration, aggregation and invasion, inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling in cancer cells, hindrance of cancer cell proliferation, causing cytotoxicity to cancer cells and promoting expression of tumor suppressor genes. Dosage efficacy is found to be generally concentration- and time-dependent. However, studies on the correlation between particular chemical constituents and specific bioactivities are limited. CONCLUSION In this review, we have documented the existing traditional uses of S. involucrata and summarized recent research into the phytochemistry and pharmacology of S. involucrata. Many of the traditional uses have been validated by phytochemical and modern pharmacological studies but there are still some areas where the current knowledge could be improved. Although studies have confirmed that S. involucrata has a broad range of bioactivities, further in-depth studies on the exact bioactive molecules and the mechanism of action are expected. Whether we should use this herb independently or in combination deserves to be clarified. The exact quality control as well as the toxicology studies is necessary to guarantee the stability and safety of the clinic use. The sustainable use of this endangered resource was also addressed. In conclusion, this review was anticipated to highlight the importance of S. involucrata and provides some directions for the future development of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-I Chik
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Lan-Lan Fan
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, China
| | - Tao Yi
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Guo-Yuan Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Gou
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Yi-Na Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wing-Ping Yeung
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zhong-Zhen Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hu-Biao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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Valuing the Endangered Species Antirrhinum lopesianum: Neuroprotective Activities and Strategies for in vitro Plant Propagation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2013; 2:273-92. [PMID: 26784465 PMCID: PMC4665522 DOI: 10.3390/antiox2040273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant phytochemicals are described as possessing considerable neuroprotective properties, due to radical scavenging capacity and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, important bioactivities in neurodegeneration. Antirrhinum lopesianum is a rare endemism from the Iberian Peninsula, occurring at the northeastern border between Portugal and Spain. It is classified as Endangered, due to its highly fragmented geographical occupation, facing a high risk of extinction in the Portuguese territory, within 20 years. Here, we describe for the first time the chemical characterization of extracts of the species concerning total phenol content, flavonoid content and antioxidant properties. The profile of high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) of the polyphenol-enriched fraction of plant extracts was also performed, showing the great potential of the species as a source of bioactive phytochemical compounds. A. lopesianum’s potential for neuroprotection was revealed by a significant acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity and also by a neuroprotective effect on a human cell model of neurodegeneration. Moreover, this is the first report describing a successful procedure for the in vitro propagation of this endangered species. The comparison of phenolic content and the HPLC-DAD profile of wild and in vitro propagated plants revealed that in vitro plants maintain the ability to produce secondary metabolites, but the profiles are differentially affected by the growth regulators. The results presented here greatly contribute to the value for this species regarding its potential as a source of phytochemicals with prospective neuroprotective health benefits.
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Qiu J, Gao F, Shen G, Li C, Han X, Zhao Q, Zhao D, Hua X, Pang Y. Metabolic engineering of the phenylpropanoid pathway enhances the antioxidant capacity of Saussurea involucrata. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70665. [PMID: 23976949 PMCID: PMC3743766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The rare wild species of snow lotus Saussurea involucrata is a commonly used medicinal herb with great pharmacological value for human health, resulting from its uniquely high level of phenylpropanoid compound production. To gain information on the phenylpropanid biosynthetic pathway genes in this critically important medicinal plant, global transcriptome sequencing was performed. It revealed that the phenylpropanoid pathway genes were well represented in S. involucrata. In addition, we introduced two key phenylpropanoid pathway inducing transcription factors (PAP1 and Lc) into this medicinal plant. Transgenic S. involucrata co-expressing PAP1 and Lc exhibited purple pigments due to a massive accumulation of anthocyanins. The over-expression of PAP1 and Lc largely activated most of the phenylpropanoid pathway genes, and increased accumulation of several phenylpropanoid compounds significantly, including chlorogenic acid, syringin, cyanrine and rutin. Both ABTS (2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzotiazo-line-6-sulfonic acid) and FRAP (ferric reducing anti-oxidant power) assays revealed that the antioxidant capacity of transgenic S. involucrata lines was greatly enhanced over controls. In addition to providing a deeper understanding of the molecular basis of phenylpropanoid metabolism, our results potentially enable an alternation of bioactive compound production in S. involucrata through metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Qiu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Rubber Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, China
| | - Fenghua Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoan Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chonghui Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Han
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao Zhao
- Plant Biology Division, the Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Dexiu Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejun Hua
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (XH); (YP)
| | - Yongzhen Pang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (XH); (YP)
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Jing N, Li G, Sun Z, You J. QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF FATTY ACIDS FROM SNOW LOTUS (SAUSSUREA) SPECIES USING HPLC WITH FLUORESCENCE DETECTION AND ATMOSPHERIC CHEMICAL IONIZATION-MASS SPECTROMETRY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.627608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nianhua Jing
- a Key Laboratory of Adaption and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining , P. R. China
- c Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Guoliang Li
- a Key Laboratory of Adaption and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining , P. R. China
- c Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- a Key Laboratory of Adaption and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining , P. R. China
- c Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Jinmao You
- a Key Laboratory of Adaption and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining , P. R. China
- b Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Qufu Normal University , Qufu , P. R. China
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