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Trull BN, Sultana MS, Pfotenhauer AC, Stockdale JN, Pantalone V, Zhang B, Stewart CN. Robust soybean leaf agroinfiltration. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:162. [PMID: 38837057 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03245-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE A robust agroinfiltration-mediated transient gene expression method for soybean leaves was developed. Plant genotype, developmental stage and leaf age, surfactant, and Agrobacterium culture conditions are important for successful agroinfiltration. Agroinfiltration of Nicotiana benthamiana has emerged as a workhorse transient assay for plant biotechnology and synthetic biology to test the performance of gene constructs in dicot leaves. While effective, it is nonetheless often desirable to assay transgene constructs directly in crop species. To that end, we innovated a substantially robust agroinfiltration method for Glycine max (soybean), the most widely grown dicot crop plant in the world. Several factors were found to be relevant to successful soybean leaf agroinfiltration, including genotype, surfactant, developmental stage, and Agrobacterium strain and culture medium. Our optimized protocol involved a multi-step Agrobacterium culturing process with appropriate expression vectors, Silwet L-77 as the surfactant, selection of fully expanded leaves in the VC or V1 stage of growth, and 5 min of vacuum at - 85 kPa followed by a dark incubation period before plants were returned to normal growth conditions. Using this method, young soybean leaves of two lines-V17-0799DT, and TN16-5004-were high expressors for GUS, two co-expressed fluorescent protein genes, and the RUBY reporter product, betalain. This work not only represents a new research tool for soybean biotechnology, but also indicates critical parameters for guiding agroinfiltration optimization for other crop species. We speculate that leaf developmental stage might be the most critical factor for successful agroinfiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce N Trull
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Jessica N Stockdale
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Vincent Pantalone
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Plant and Environmental Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - C Neal Stewart
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
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Acar T, Moreau S, Jardinaud MF, Houdinet G, Maviane-Macia F, De Meyer F, Hoste B, Leroux O, Coen O, Le Ru A, Peeters N, Carlier A. The association between Dioscorea sansibarensis and Orrella dioscoreae as a model for hereditary leaf symbiosis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302377. [PMID: 38648204 PMCID: PMC11034651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hereditary, or vertically-transmitted, symbioses affect a large number of animal species and some plants. The precise mechanisms underlying transmission of functions of these associations are often difficult to describe, due to the difficulty in separating the symbiotic partners. This is especially the case for plant-bacteria hereditary symbioses, which lack experimentally tractable model systems. Here, we demonstrate the potential of the leaf symbiosis between the wild yam Dioscorea sansibarensis and the bacterium Orrella dioscoreae (O. dioscoreae) as a model system for hereditary symbiosis. O. dioscoreae is easy to grow and genetically manipulate, which is unusual for hereditary symbionts. These properties allowed us to design an effective antimicrobial treatment to rid plants of bacteria and generate whole aposymbiotic plants, which can later be re-inoculated with bacterial cultures. Aposymbiotic plants did not differ morphologically from symbiotic plants and the leaf forerunner tip containing the symbiotic glands formed normally even in the absence of bacteria, but microscopic differences between symbiotic and aposymbiotic glands highlight the influence of bacteria on the development of trichomes and secretion of mucilage. This is to our knowledge the first leaf symbiosis where both host and symbiont can be grown separately and where the symbiont can be genetically altered and reintroduced to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Acar
- LIPME, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Moreau
- LIPME, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Bart Hoste
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Olivier Coen
- LIPME, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Aurélie Le Ru
- Plateforme Imagerie TRI-FRAIB, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Nemo Peeters
- LIPME, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Aurelien Carlier
- LIPME, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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3
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Fuhrmann-Aoyagi MB, Igarashi S, Miura K. Comparative Evaluation of Transient Protein Expression Efficiency in Tissues across Soybean Varieties Using the Tsukuba System. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:858. [PMID: 38592852 PMCID: PMC10975771 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Transient protein expression is a versatile tool with diverse applications and can be used in soybeans to study gene function, obtain mutants, and produce proteins for commercial use. However, soybeans are considered recalcitrant for agroinfiltration. Subsequent studies on soybeans have demonstrated a green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression in seedpods, but not in leaves, using syringe agroinfiltration. To evaluate agroinfiltration-based transient protein expression levels in plant cells, we used the transient expression vector pTKB3 harboring the GFP gene. Using Agrobacterium tumefaciens, vacuum agroinfiltration of the leaves and needle agroinfiltration of the seedlings of different soybean varieties were performed. GFP was transiently expressed in all of the samples. However, the Enrei and Williams 82 varieties presented better results than the other varieties in the leaf tissue, with results confirmed by immunoblot analysis, demonstrating that both varieties are good candidates for molecular biological studies. GFP expression in the seedlings was less extensive than that in the leaves, which may be due to the tissue characteristics, with Enrei showing the best results. Based on this observation, we conclude that the Tsukuba system is an effective tool that can be used for different tissues and soybean varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saki Igarashi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan; (M.B.F.-A.); (S.I.)
| | - Kenji Miura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan; (M.B.F.-A.); (S.I.)
- Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
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Chen Y, Zhang M, Wang Y, Zheng X, Zhang H, Zhang L, Tan B, Ye X, Wang W, Li J, Li M, Cheng J, Feng J. PpPIF8, a DELLA2-interacting protein, regulates peach shoot elongation possibly through auxin signaling. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 323:111409. [PMID: 35934255 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rapid growth of branches in a peach tree restricts the light penetration and air ventilation within the orchard, which lowers fruit quality and promotes the occurrence of diseases and insects. Our previous works showed that PpDELLA1 and PpDELLA2 repress the rapid growth of annual shoots. Proteins that interact with DELLA are vital for its function. In this study, seven PpPIFs (PpPIF1, -2, -3, -4, -6, -7 and -8) were identified in the peach genome and contain a conserved bHLH domain. Among the seven PpPIFs, PpPIF8 interacted with PpDELLA2 through an unknown motif in the C-terminal and/or the bHLH domain. Overexpression of PpPIF8 in Arabidopsis promotes plant height and branch numbers. Hypocotyl elongation was significantly enhanced by PpPIF8 under weak light intensity. PpPIF8 overexpressed in Arabidopsis and transiently expressed in peach seedlings upregulated the transcription of YUCCA and SAUR19 and downregulated SHY1 and -2. Additionally, PpPIF4 and -8 were significantly induced by weak light. Phylogentic analysis and intron patterns of the bHLH domain strongly suggested that PIFs from six species could be divided into two groups of different evolutionary origins. These results lay a foundation for the further study of the repression of shoot growth by PpDELLA2 through protein interaction with PpPIF8 in peach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yingcong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xianbo Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Langlang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Bin Tan
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xia Ye
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jidong Li
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Jiancan Feng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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Deguchi M, Dhir S, Potlakayala S, Dhir S, Curtis WR, Rudrabhatla S. In planta Female Flower Agroinfiltration Alters the Cannabinoid Composition in Industrial Hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:921970. [PMID: 35941940 PMCID: PMC9356322 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.921970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Industrial hemp is a diploid (2n = 20), dioecious plant, and an essential source of various phytochemical productions. More than 540 phytochemicals have been described, some of which proved helpful in the remedial treatment of human diseases. Therefore, further study of hemp phytochemicals in medicine is highly anticipated. Previously, we developed the vacuum agroinfiltration method, which allows the transient gene expression in hemp tissues including female flowers, where cannabinoids are produced and accumulated. In this study, we attempted to alter the composition of total CBD and THC. The RT-PCR and sanger sequence identified eleven copies of the CBDAS gene, two copies of the THCAS gene, and one CBCAS gene. Binary vectors were constructed to overexpress the CBDAS gene and silence the THCAS gene via RNA interference. The Transcript level of the CBDAS gene was increased by more than 10 times than the plants used as a control, which led to a 54% higher total CBD content. The silencing of the THCAS gene led to downregulation of the THCAS gene, with an 80% reduction in transcript levels, and total THC content was reduced to 43% compared with mock plant. These results suggest that hemp vacuum infiltration is highly effective for metabolic engineering of cannabinoids in hemp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihito Deguchi
- The Central Pennsylvania Research and Teaching Laboratory for Biofuels, Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, PA, United States
| | - Seema Dhir
- Biology Department, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA, United States
| | - Shobha Potlakayala
- The Central Pennsylvania Research and Teaching Laboratory for Biofuels, Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, PA, United States
| | - Sarwan Dhir
- Family Sciences and Technology, College of Agriculture, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA, United States
| | - Wayne R. Curtis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Sairam Rudrabhatla
- The Central Pennsylvania Research and Teaching Laboratory for Biofuels, Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, PA, United States
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Jiang Y, Chen J, Zheng X, Tan B, Ye X, Wang W, Zhang L, Li J, Li Z, Cheng J, Feng J. Multiple indeterminate domain (IDD)-DELLA1 complexes participate in gibberellin feedback regulation in peach. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:147-157. [PMID: 35362935 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01263-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Peach encodes 14 INDETERMINATE DOMAIN (IDD) transcription factors. PpIDD4, -12 and -13 mediated PpDELLA1 binding to the PpGA20ox1 promoter. Each of these three PpIDD-DELLA1 complexes activated transcription of PpGA20ox1. PpTPR1 and -4 interrupted the interaction of PpIDDs with PpDELLA1. The plant growth regulator gibberellin (GA) plays an important role in the rapid growth of annual shoots in peach. Our previous study showed that the peach cultivar 'FenHuaShouXingTao' (FHSXT), a gibberellic acid receptor (gid1) mutant, accumulates active GAs in annual shoot tips. This mutant enhances GA feedback regulation in peach. The results of this study suggested that the PpIDD-DELLA1 complex is the underlying mechanism of GA feedback regulation in peach. Fourteen IDD genes were identified in peach, and three PpIDDs (PpIDD4, -12 and -13, all from group IV) interacted with PpDELLA1, an important component in GA signaling pathway. Truncation, segmentation and site mutation of the promoter of PpGA20ox1 (a GA biosynthesis gene) showed that all three PpIDD proteins recognized the core motif TTGTC. PpIDD4 and -13 mainly bind to site 3, while PpIDD12 binds to site 5 of the PpGA20ox1 promoter. All three PpIDD-DELLA1 complexes activated the PpGA20ox1 promoter-LUC fusion. These data suggested that PpIDDs bridge PpDELLA1 and the promoter of PpGA20ox1, which then activated the transcription of PpGA20ox1. In addition, PpTPR1 and -4 disrupted the interaction of PpIDDs with PpDELLA1. Our research will be helpful for understanding and possibly modifying the regulation of annual shoot growth and GA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Xianbo Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Bin Tan
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Xia Ye
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Langlang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Jidong Li
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhiqian Li
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China.
| | - Jiancan Feng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China.
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Xu H, Guo Y, Qiu L, Ran Y. Progress in Soybean Genetic Transformation Over the Last Decade. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:900318. [PMID: 35755694 PMCID: PMC9231586 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.900318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Soybean is one of the important food, feed, and biofuel crops in the world. Soybean genome modification by genetic transformation has been carried out for trait improvement for more than 4 decades. However, compared to other major crops such as rice, soybean is still recalcitrant to genetic transformation, and transgenic soybean production has been hampered by limitations such as low transformation efficiency and genotype specificity, and prolonged and tedious protocols. The primary goal in soybean transformation over the last decade is to achieve high efficiency and genotype flexibility. Soybean transformation has been improved by modifying tissue culture conditions such as selection of explant types, adjustment of culture medium components and choice of selection reagents, as well as better understanding the transformation mechanisms of specific approaches such as Agrobacterium infection. Transgenesis-based breeding of soybean varieties with new traits is now possible by development of improved protocols. In this review, we summarize the developments in soybean genetic transformation to date, especially focusing on the progress made using Agrobacterium-mediated methods and biolistic methods over the past decade. We also discuss current challenges and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Xu
- Tianjin Genovo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Qiu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lijuan Qiu,
| | - Yidong Ran
- Tianjin Genovo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
- Yidong Ran,
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Shang X, Zhu L, Duan Y, He Q, Zhao M, Yu Y, Guo W. An Easy and Rapid Transformation Protocol for Transient Expression in Cotton Fiber. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:837994. [PMID: 35392510 PMCID: PMC8980934 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.837994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cotton fiber is the most important natural textile material in the world. Identification and functional characterization of genes regulating fiber development are fundamental for improving fiber quality and yield. However, stable cotton transformation is time-consuming, low in efficiency, and technically complex. Moreover, heterologous systems, such as Arabidopsis and tobacco, did not always work to elucidate the function of cotton fiber specifically expressed genes or their promoters. For these reasons, constructing a rapid transformation system using cotton fibers is necessary to study fiber's specifically expressed genes. In this study, we developed an easy and rapid Agrobacterium-mediated method for the transient transformation of genes and promoters in cotton fibers. First, we found that exogenous genes could be expressed in cotton fibers via using β-glucuronidase (GUS) and green fluorescence protein (GFP) as reporters. Second, parameters affecting transformation efficiency, including LBA4404 Agrobacterium strain, 3 h infection time, and 2-day incubation time, were determined. Third, four different cotton genes that are specifically expressed in fibers were transiently transformed in cotton fibers, and the transcripts of these genes were detected ten to thousand times increase over the control. Fourth, GUS staining and activity analysis demonstrated that the activity profiles of GhMYB212 and GhFSN1 promoters in transformed fibers are similar to their native activity in developmental fibers. Furthermore, the transient transformation method was confirmed to be suitable for subcellular localization studies. In summary, the presented Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation method is a fast, simple, and effective system for promoter characterization and protein expression in cotton fibers.
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Kaur M, Manchanda P, Kalia A, Ahmed FK, Nepovimova E, Kuca K, Abd-Elsalam KA. Agroinfiltration Mediated Scalable Transient Gene Expression in Genome Edited Crop Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10882. [PMID: 34639221 PMCID: PMC8509792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is one of the most commonly used genetic transformation method that involves transfer of foreign genes into target plants. Agroinfiltration, an Agrobacterium-based transient approach and the breakthrough discovery of CRISPR/Cas9 holds trending stature to perform targeted and efficient genome editing (GE). The predominant feature of agroinfiltration is the abolishment of Transfer-DNA (T-DNA) integration event to ensure fewer biosafety and regulatory issues besides showcasing the capability to perform transcription and translation efficiently, hence providing a large picture through pilot-scale experiment via transient approach. The direct delivery of recombinant agrobacteria through this approach carrying CRISPR/Cas cassette to knockout the expression of the target gene in the intercellular tissue spaces by physical or vacuum infiltration can simplify the targeted site modification. This review aims to provide information on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and implementation of agroinfiltration with GE to widen the horizon of targeted genome editing before a stable genome editing approach. This will ease the screening of numerous functions of genes in different plant species with wider applicability in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maninder Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India;
| | - Pooja Manchanda
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India;
| | - Anu Kalia
- Electron Microscopy and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India;
| | - Farah K. Ahmed
- Biotechnology English Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam
- Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), 9-Gamaa St., Giza 12619, Egypt;
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Chincinska IA. Leaf infiltration in plant science: old method, new possibilities. PLANT METHODS 2021; 17:83. [PMID: 34321022 PMCID: PMC8316707 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-021-00782-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The penetration of substances from the surface to deep inside plant tissues is called infiltration. Although various plant tissues may be effectively saturated with externally applied fluid, most described infiltration strategies have been developed for leaves. The infiltration process can be spontaneous (under normal atmospheric pressure) or forced by a pressure difference generated between the lamina surface and the inside of the leaf. Spontaneous infiltration of leaf laminae is possible with the use of liquids with sufficiently low surface tension. Forced infiltration is most commonly performed using needle-less syringes or vacuum pumps.Leaf infiltration is widely used in plant sciences for both research and application purposes, usually as a starting technique to obtain plant material for advanced experimental procedures. Leaf infiltration followed by gentle centrifugation allows to obtain the apoplastic fluid for further analyses including various omics. In studies of plant-microorganism interactions, infiltration is used for the controlled introduction of bacterial suspensions into leaf tissues or for the isolation of microorganisms inhabiting apoplastic spaces of leaves. The methods based on infiltration of target tissues allow the penetration of dyes, fixatives and other substances improving the quality of microscopic imaging. Infiltration has found a special application in plant biotechnology as a method of transient transformation with the use of Agrobacterium suspension (agroinfiltration) enabling genetic modifications of mature plant leaves, including the local induction of mutations using genome editing tools. In plant nanobiotechnology, the leaves of the target plants can be infiltrated with suitably prepared nanoparticles, which can act as light sensors or increase the plant resistance to environmental stress. In addition the infiltration has been also intensively studied due to the undesirable effects of this phenomenon in some food technology sectors, such as accidental contamination of leafy greens with pathogenic bacteria during the vacuum cooling process.This review, inspired by the growing interest of the scientists from various fields of plant science in the phenomenon of infiltration, provides the description of different infiltration methods and summarizes the recent applications of this technique in plant physiology, phytopathology and plant (nano-)biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Anna Chincinska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
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11
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Debler JW, Henares BM, Lee RC. Agroinfiltration for transient gene expression and characterisation of fungal pathogen effectors in cool-season grain legume hosts. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:805-818. [PMID: 33811500 PMCID: PMC8058004 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02671-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Modified pEAQ-HT-DEST1 vectors were used for agroinfiltration in legumes. We demonstrate protein expression and export in pea, lentil, and faba bean; however, the method for chickpea was not successful. Agroinfiltration is a valuable research method for investigating virulence and avirulence effector proteins from pathogens and pests, where heterologous effector proteins are transiently expressed in plant leaves and hypersensitive necrosis responses and other effector functions can be assessed. Nicotiana benthamiana is widely used for agroinfiltration and the characterisation of broad-spectrum effectors. The method has also been used in other plant species including field pea, but not yet developed for chickpea, lentil, or faba bean. Here, we have modified the pEAQ-HT-DEST1 vector for expression of 6 × histidine-tagged green-fluorescent protein (GFP) and the known necrosis-inducing broad-spectrum effector necrosis and ethylene-inducing peptide (Nep1)-like protein (NLP). Modified pEAQ-based vectors were adapted to encode signal peptide sequences for apoplast targeting of expressed proteins. We used confocal microscopy to assess the level of GFP expression in agroinfiltrated leaves. While at 3 days after infiltration in N. benthamiana, GFP was expressed at a relatively high level, expression in field pea and faba bean at the same time point was relatively low. In lentil, an expression level of GFP similar to field pea and faba bean at 3 days was only observed after 5 days. Chickpea leaf cells were transformed at low frequency and agroinfiltration was concluded to not be successful for chickpea. We concluded that the pEAQ vector is suitable for testing host-specific effectors in field pea, lentil, and faba bean, but low transformation efficiency limits the utility of the method for chickpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes W Debler
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, 1 Kent St, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Bernadette M Henares
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, 1 Kent St, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Robert C Lee
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, 1 Kent St, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.
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12
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Deguchi M, Kane S, Potlakayala S, George H, Proano R, Sheri V, Curtis WR, Rudrabhatla S. Metabolic Engineering Strategies of Industrial Hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.): A Brief Review of the Advances and Challenges. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:580621. [PMID: 33363552 PMCID: PMC7752810 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.580621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a diploid (2n = 20), dioecious plant that is grown for fiber, seed, and oil. Recently, there has been a renewed interest in this crop because of its panoply of cannabinoids, terpenes, and other phenolic compounds. Specifically, hemp contains terpenophenolic compounds such as cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG), which act on cannabinoid receptors and positively regulate various human metabolic, immunological, and physiological functions. CBD and CBG have an effect on the cytokine metabolism, which has led to the examination of cannabinoids on the treatment of viral diseases, including COVID-19. Based on genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic studies, several synthetic pathways of hemp secondary metabolite production have been elucidated. Nevertheless, there are few reports on hemp metabolic engineering despite obvious impact on scientific and industrial sectors. In this article, recent status and current perspectives on hemp metabolic engineering are reviewed. Three distinct approaches to expedite phytochemical yield are discussed. Special emphasis has been placed on transgenic and transient gene delivery systems, which are critical for successful metabolic engineering of hemp. The advent of new tools in synthetic biology, particularly the CRISPR/Cas systems, enables environment-friendly metabolic engineering to increase the production of desirable hemp phytochemicals while eliminating the psychoactive compounds, such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihito Deguchi
- The Central Pennsylvania Research and Teaching Laboratory for Biofuels, Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, PA, United States
| | - Shriya Kane
- School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Shobha Potlakayala
- The Central Pennsylvania Research and Teaching Laboratory for Biofuels, Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, PA, United States
| | - Hannah George
- The Central Pennsylvania Research and Teaching Laboratory for Biofuels, Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, PA, United States
| | - Renata Proano
- The Central Pennsylvania Research and Teaching Laboratory for Biofuels, Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, PA, United States
| | - Vijay Sheri
- The Central Pennsylvania Research and Teaching Laboratory for Biofuels, Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, PA, United States
| | - Wayne R. Curtis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Sairam Rudrabhatla
- The Central Pennsylvania Research and Teaching Laboratory for Biofuels, Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, PA, United States
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13
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Abd-Aziz N, Tan BC, Rejab NA, Othman RY, Khalid N. A New Plant Expression System for Producing Pharmaceutical Proteins. Mol Biotechnol 2020; 62:240-251. [PMID: 32108286 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-020-00242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, interest in the production of recombinant pharmaceutical proteins in plants has tremendously progressed because plants do not harbor mammalian viruses, are economically competitive, easily scalable, and capable of carrying out complex post-translational modifications required for recombinant pharmaceutical proteins. Mucuna bracteata is an essential perennial cover crop species widely planted as an underground cover in oil palm and rubber plantations. As a legume, they have high biomass, thrive in its habitat, and can fix nitrogen. Thus, M. bracteata is a cost-efficient crop that shows ideal characteristics as a platform for mass production of recombinant protein. In this study, we established a new platform for the transient production of a recombinant protein in M. bracteata via vacuum-assisted agro-infiltration. Five-week-old M. bracteata plants were vacuum infiltrated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring a plasmid that encodes for an anti-toxoplasma immunoglobulin (IgG) under different parameters, including trifoliate leaf positional effects, days to harvest post-infiltration, and the Agrobacterium strain used. Our results showed that vacuum infiltration of M. bracteata plant with A. tumefaciens strain GV3101 produced the highest concentration of heterologous protein in its bottom trifoliate leaf at 2 days post-infiltration. The purified anti-toxoplasma IgG was then analyzed using Western blot and ELISA. It was demonstrated that, while structural heterogeneity existed in the purified anti-toxoplasma IgG from M. bracteata, its transient expression level was two-fold higher than the model platform, Nicotiana benthamiana. This study has laid the foundation towards establishing M. bracteata as a potential platform for the production of recombinant pharmaceutical protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazrin Abd-Aziz
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Boon Chin Tan
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Ardiyana Rejab
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rofina Yasmin Othman
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Norzulaani Khalid
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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14
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Deguchi M, Bogush D, Weeden H, Spuhler Z, Potlakayala S, Kondo T, Zhang ZJ, Rudrabhatla S. Establishment and optimization of a hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) agroinfiltration system for gene expression and silencing studies. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3504. [PMID: 32103049 PMCID: PMC7044430 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a high-yielding annual crop primarily grown for fiber, seeds, and oil. Due to the phytochemical composition of hemp, there has been an increased interest in the market for nutraceuticals and dietary supplements for human health. Recent omics analysis has led to the elucidation of hemp candidate genes involved in the syntheses of specialized metabolites. However, a detailed study of these genes has not been undertaken due to the lack of a stable transformation system. We report for the first time an agroinfiltration system in hemp utilizing vacuum infiltration, which is an alternative method to stable transformation. A combination of 0.015% Silwett L-77, 5 mM ascorbic acid, and thirty second sonication followed by a 10-minute vacuum treatment resulted in the highest β-glucuronidase expression in the leaf, male and female flowers, stem, and root tissues. The phytoene desaturase gene was silenced with a transient hairpin RNA expression, resulting in an albino phenotype in the leaves and the male and female flowers. This agroinfiltration system would be useful for overexpression and silencing studies of target genes to regulate the yield of specialized metabolites in hemp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihito Deguchi
- Penn State Harrisburg, 777 West Harrisburg Pike, Middletown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel Bogush
- Penn State Harrisburg, 777 West Harrisburg Pike, Middletown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hannah Weeden
- Penn State Harrisburg, 777 West Harrisburg Pike, Middletown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zachary Spuhler
- Penn State Harrisburg, 777 West Harrisburg Pike, Middletown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shobha Potlakayala
- Penn State Harrisburg, 777 West Harrisburg Pike, Middletown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Takumasa Kondo
- AGROSAVIA, Centro de Investigación Palmira, Calle 23, Carrera 37, Continuo al Penal Palmira, Valle, Colombia
| | - Zhanyuan J Zhang
- Plant Biotechnology Innovation Laboratory, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Sairam Rudrabhatla
- Penn State Harrisburg, 777 West Harrisburg Pike, Middletown, Pennsylvania, USA.
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15
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Sánchez-Álvarez A, Ruíz-López N, Moreno-Pérez AJ, Martínez-Force E, Garcés R, Salas JJ. Agrobacterium-Mediated Transient Gene Expression in Developing Ricinus communis Seeds: A First Step in Making the Castor Oil Plant a Chemical Biofactory. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1410. [PMID: 31737023 PMCID: PMC6831639 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The castor oil plant represents a promising platform to produce oils with industrial applications. However, its use in biotechnology is limited by the absence of a well-established procedure to transform it, and a poor understanding of gene regulation and promoter use in this species. As such, a method has been developed to express proteins or hairpin-RNA in this plant, a method based on the direct injection of Agrobacterium into the developing endosperm of castor oil fruit, enabling different constructs and promoters to be tested. This method produces a high rate of transformation and a good proportion of viable seeds that express reporter genes for up to 20 days after infiltration (DAI). Gene expression under the control of different promoters was tested by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and by directly assaying the activity of the galactouronidase reporter gene, which proved to be strongest when driven by the glycinin promoter. Constructs expressing a fatty acid elongase from Lesquerella fendleri were tested, the expression of which provoked an important increase in the lesquerolic acid in the castor oil endosperm at 5 and 10 DAI, although this fatty acid did not accumulate significantly in the final mature seeds. The nature of this response could reflect the poor availability of substrates for this enzyme. In the light of this data, the potential of this technique to test promoters and different constructs in castor oil plants and other oilseeds is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Sánchez-Álvarez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Products, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Javier Moreno-Pérez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Products, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Enrique Martínez-Force
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Products, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rafael Garcés
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Products, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joaquín J. Salas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Products, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
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16
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Liu K, Yang Q, Yang T, Wu Y, Wang G, Yang F, Wang R, Lin X, Li G. Development of Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression system in Caragana intermedia and characterization of CiDREB1C in stress response. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:237. [PMID: 31170915 PMCID: PMC6554893 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1800-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation is a versatile and indispensable way of rapid analyzing gene function in plants. Despite this transient expression system has been successfully applied in a number of plant species, it is poorly developed in Caragana intermedia. RESULTS In this study, we established an Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression system in C. intermedia leaves and optimized the effect of different Agrobacterial strains, several surfactants and the concentration of Silwet L-77, which would affect transient expression efficiency. Among the 5 Agrobacterial strains examined, GV3101 produced the highest GUS expression level. Besides, higher level of transient expression was observed in plants infiltrated with Silwet L-77 than with Triton X-100 or Tween-20. Silwet L-77 at a concentration of 0.001% greatly improved the level of GUS transient expression. Real-time PCR showed that expression of CiDREB1C was highly up-regulated in transiently expressed plants and reached the highest level at the 2nd day after infiltration. Based on this optimized transient transformation method, we characterized CiDREB1C function in response to drought, salt and ABA treatment. The results showed that transiently expressed CiDREB1C in C. intermedia leaves could enhance the survival rate and chlorophyll content, and reduce the lodging rate compared with the control seedlings under drought, salt and ABA treatments. Furthermore, the rate of leaf shedding of CiDREB1C transient expression seedlings was lower than that of the control under ABA treatment. CONCLUSIONS The optimized transient expression condition in C. intermedia leaves were infiltrated with Agrobacterial strains GV3101 plus Silwet L-77 at a concentration of 0.001% added into the infiltration medium. Transiently expressed CiDREB1C enhanced drought, salt and ABA stress tolerance, indicated that it was a suitable and effective tool to determine gene function involved in abiotic stress response in C. intermedia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianrui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feiyun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
- College of Food Sciences and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruigang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guojing Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Prasad Babu K, Maligeppagol M, Asokan R, Krishna Reddy M. Screening of a multi-virus resistant RNAi construct in cowpea through transient vacuum infiltration method. Virusdisease 2019; 30:269-278. [PMID: 31179366 PMCID: PMC6531525 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-018-00509-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant viruses are the most devastating pathogens causing substantial economic losses in many crops. Current viral disease management relies on prophylactics, roguing and insect vector control, since in most crops resistant gene pools for resistance breeding are unavailable. RNA interference, a sequence dependent gene silencing mechanism holds great potential in imparting virus resistance. In this study, the efficacy of a RNAi gene construct developed against four viruses commonly infesting tomato and chilli viz., capsicum chlorosis virus, groundnut bud necrosis virus, cucumber mosaic virus and chilli veinal mottle virus was evaluated. A 3546 bp dsRNA-forming construct comprising sense-intron-antisense fragments in binary vector pBI121 (hpRNAi-MVR) was mobilized into Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) was used as an indicator plant for GBNV agroinfiltration to evaluate the efficacy of hpRNAi-MVR construct in conferring GBNV resistance. The type of agroinfiltration, bacterial concentration and incubation-temperatures were optimized. Vacuum infiltration of three pulses of 20-30 s at 66.66 kPa were effective than syringe infiltration. Of the five Agrobacterial concentrations, OD600 0.5 was more efficient. Incubation temperature of 31 ± 1 °C was favorable for development of disease symptoms than 20 ± 1 °C and 26 ± 1 °C. ELISA revealed a 35% decline in viral load in hpRNAi-MVR infiltrated plants compared to vector control plants. Quantitative real time PCR results have shown a viral gene silencing to the extent of 930-990 folds in hpRNAi-MVR infiltrated plants compared to vector control. This approach is simple, rapid and efficient to screen the efficacy of RNAi constructs developed for the RNAi mediated plant virus management.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Prasad Babu
- Division of Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Hessaraghatta, Bangalore, 560089 India
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Post-graduate Studies, Jain University, Bangalore, India
| | - Manamohan Maligeppagol
- Division of Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Hessaraghatta, Bangalore, 560089 India
| | - R. Asokan
- Division of Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Hessaraghatta, Bangalore, 560089 India
| | - M. Krishna Reddy
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Hessaraghatta, Bangalore, 560089 India
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18
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Gerasymenko I, Sheludko Y, Fräbel S, Staniek A, Warzecha H. Combinatorial biosynthesis of small molecules in plants: Engineering strategies and tools. Methods Enzymol 2019; 617:413-442. [PMID: 30784411 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Biosynthetic capacity of plants, rooted in a near inexhaustible supply of photosynthetic energy and founded upon an intricate matrix of metabolic networks, makes them versatile chemists producing myriad specialized compounds. Along with tremendous success in elucidation of several plant biosynthetic routes, their reestablishment in heterologous hosts has been a hallmark of recent bioengineering endeavors. However, current efforts in the field are, in the main, aimed at grafting the pathways to fermentable recipient organisms, like bacteria or yeast. Conversely, while harboring orthologous metabolic trails, select plant species now emerge as viable vehicles for mobilization and engineering of complex biosynthetic pathways. Their distinctive features, like intricate cell compartmentalization and formation of specialized production and storage structures on tissue and organ level, make plants an especially promising chassis for the manufacture of considerable amounts of high-value natural small molecules. Inspired by the fundamental tenets of synthetic biology, capitalizing on the versatility of the transient plant transformation system, and drawing on the unique compartmentation of plant cells, we explore combinatorial approaches affording production of natural and new-to-nature, bespoke chemicals of potential importance. Here, we focus on the transient engineering of P450 monooxygenases, alone or in concert with other orthogonal catalysts, like tryptophan halogenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Gerasymenko
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Yuriy Sheludko
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sabine Fräbel
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Agata Staniek
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Heribert Warzecha
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
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19
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Suzaki T, Tsuda M, Ezura H, Day B, Miura K. Agroinfiltration-based efficient transient protein expression in leguminous plants. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2019; 36:119-123. [PMID: 31768113 PMCID: PMC6847781 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.19.0220b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Transient protein expression is an effective tool to rapidly unravel novel gene functions, such as transcriptional activity of promoters and sub-cellular localization of proteins. However, transient expression is not applicable to some species and varieties because of insufficient expression levels. We recently developed one of the strongest agroinfiltration-based transient protein expression systems for plant cells, termed 'Tsukuba system.' About 4 mg/g fresh weight of protein expression in Nicotiana benthamiana was obtained using this system. The vector pBYR2HS, which contains a geminiviral replication system and a double terminator, can be used in various plant species and varieties, including lettuces, eggplants, tomatoes, hot peppers, and orchids. In this study, we assessed the applicability of the Tsukuba system to several species of legumes, including Lotus japonicus, soybean Glycine max, and common bean Phaseolus vulgaris. The GFP protein was transiently expressed in the seedpods of all examined legume species, however, protein expression in leaves was observed only in P. vulgaris. Taken together, our system is an effective tool to examine gene function rapidly in several legume species based on transient protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Suzaki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Center (T-PIRC), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Mai Tsuda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Center (T-PIRC), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Center (T-PIRC), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Brad Day
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Michigan State University Plant Resilience Institute, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Kenji Miura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Center (T-PIRC), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- E-mail: Tel & Fax: 81-29-853-6401
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20
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Amiri M, Jalali-Javaran M, Haddad R, Ehsani P. In silico and in vivo analyses of the mutated human tissue plasminogen activator (mtPA) and the antithetical effects of P19 silencing suppressor on its expression in two Nicotiana species. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14079. [PMID: 30232346 PMCID: PMC6145930 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32099-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human tissue-type plasminogen activator is one of the most important therapeutic proteins involved in the breakdown of blood clots following the stroke. A mutation was found at position 1541 bp (G514E) and the mutated form was cloned into the binary vector pTRAc-ERH. In silico analysis showed that this mutation might have no significant effect on the active site of the tissue plasminogen activator enzyme. Accordingly, zymography assay confirmed the serine protease activity of the mutated form and its derivatives. The expression of the mutated form was verified with/without co-agroinjection of the P19 gene silencing suppressor in both Nicotiana tabacum and N. benthamiana. The ELISA results showed that the concentration of the mutated form in the absence of P19 was 0.65% and 0.74% of total soluble protein versus 0.141% and 1.36% in the presence of P19 in N. benthamiana and N. tabacum, respectively. In N. tabacum, co-agroinjection of P19 had the synergistic effect and increased the mutated tissue plasminogen activator production two-fold higher. However, in N. benthamiana, the presence of P19 had the adverse effect of five-fold reduction in the concentration. Moreover, results showed that the activity of the mutated form and its derivatives was more than that of the purified commercial tissue plasminogen activator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Amiri
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mokhtar Jalali-Javaran
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Raheem Haddad
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Parastoo Ehsani
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran (IPI), Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Bao D, Ganbaatar O, Cui X, Yu R, Bao W, Falk BW, Wuriyanghan H. Down-regulation of genes coding for core RNAi components and disease resistance proteins via corresponding microRNAs might be correlated with successful Soybean mosaic virus infection in soybean. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:948-960. [PMID: 28695996 PMCID: PMC6638018 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants protect themselves from virus infections by several different defence mechanisms. RNA interference (RNAi) is one prominent antiviral mechanism, which requires the participation of AGO (Argonaute) and Dicer/DCL (Dicer-like) proteins. Effector-triggered immunity (ETI) is an antiviral mechanism mediated by resistance (R) genes, most of which encode nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) family proteins. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important regulatory roles in plants, including the regulation of host defences. Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is the most common virus in soybean and, in this work, we identified dozens of SMV-responsive miRNAs by microarray analysis in an SMV-susceptible soybean line. Amongst the up-regulated miRNAs, miR168a, miR403a, miR162b and miR1515a predictively regulate the expression of AGO1, AGO2, DCL1 and DCL2, respectively, and miR1507a, miR1507c and miR482a putatively regulate the expression of several NBS-LRR family disease resistance genes. The regulation of target gene expression by these seven miRNAs was validated by both transient expression assays and RNA ligase-mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RLM-RACE) experiments. Transcript levels for AGO1, DCL1, DCL2 and five NBS-LRR family genes were repressed at different time points after SMV infection, whereas the corresponding miRNA levels were up-regulated at these same time points. Furthermore, inhibition of miR1507a, miR1507c, miR482a, miR168a and miR1515a by short tandem target mimic (STTM) technology compromised SMV infection efficiency in soybean. Our results imply that SMV can counteract soybean defence responses by the down-regulation of several RNAi pathway genes and NBS-LRR family resistance genes via the induction of the accumulation of their corresponding miRNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duran Bao
- School of Life Sciences, University of Inner MongoliaHohhotInner Mongolia 010021, China
| | - Oyunchuluun Ganbaatar
- School of Life Sciences, University of Inner MongoliaHohhotInner Mongolia 010021, China
| | - Xiuqi Cui
- School of Life Sciences, University of Inner MongoliaHohhotInner Mongolia 010021, China
| | - Ruonan Yu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Inner MongoliaHohhotInner Mongolia 010021, China
| | - Wenhua Bao
- School of Life Sciences, University of Inner MongoliaHohhotInner Mongolia 010021, China
| | - Bryce W. Falk
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of California DavisDavisCA 95616USA
| | - Hada Wuriyanghan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Inner MongoliaHohhotInner Mongolia 010021, China
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22
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Bijora T, Blawid R, Costa DKT, Aragão FJL, Souto ER, Nagata T. Construction of an agroinfectious clone of bean rugose mosaic virus using Gibson Assembly. Virus Genes 2017; 53:495-499. [PMID: 28315991 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-017-1446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Construction of agroinfectious viral clones usually requires many steps of cloning and sub-cloning and also a binary vector, which makes the process laborious, time-consuming, and frequently susceptible to some degree of plasmid instability. Nowadays, novel methods have been applied to the assembly of infectious viral clones, and here we have applied isothermal, single-step Gibson Assembly (GA) to construct an agroinfectious clone of Bean rugose mosaic virus (BRMV) using a small binary vector. The procedure has drastically reduced the cloning steps, and BRMV could be recovered from agroinfiltrated common bean twenty days after inoculation, indicating that the infectious clone could spread in the plant tissues and efficiently generate a systemic infection. The virus was also recovered from leaves of common bean and soybean cultivars mechanically inoculated with infectious clone two weeks after inoculation, confirming the efficiency of GA cloning procedure to produce the first BRMV agroinfectious clone to bean and soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taise Bijora
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 5790 Av. Colombo, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Eliezer R Souto
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 5790 Av. Colombo, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
- Department of Agronomy, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil.
| | - Tatsuya Nagata
- Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
- Department of Cellular Biology, Biological Sciences institute, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
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23
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Zhang J, Yu D, Zhang Y, Liu K, Xu K, Zhang F, Wang J, Tan G, Nie X, Ji Q, Zhao L, Li C. Vacuum and Co-cultivation Agroinfiltration of (Germinated) Seeds Results in Tobacco Rattle Virus (TRV) Mediated Whole-Plant Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) in Wheat and Maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:393. [PMID: 28382049 PMCID: PMC5360694 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-mediated virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) has been frequently used in dicots. Here we show that it can also be used in monocots, by presenting a system involving use of a novel infiltration solution (containing acetosyringone, cysteine, and Tween 20) that enables whole-plant level VIGS of (germinated) seeds in wheat and maize. Using the established system, phytoene desaturase (PDS) genes were successfully silenced, resulting in typical photo-bleaching symptoms in the leaves of treated wheat and maize. In addition, three wheat homoeoalleles of MLO, a key gene repressing defense responses to powdery mildew in wheat, were simultaneously silenced in susceptible wheat with this system, resulting in it becoming resistant to powdery mildew. The system has the advantages generally associated with TRV-mediated VIGS systems (e.g., high-efficiency, mild virus infection symptoms, and effectiveness in different organs). However, it also has the following further advantages: (germinated) seed-stage agroinfiltration; greater rapidity and convenience; whole-plant level gene silencing; adequately stable transformation; and suitability for studying functions of genes involved in seed germination and early plant development stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, ZhoukouChina
| | - Deshui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, ZhoukouChina
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, ZhoukouChina
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, ZhengzhouChina
| | - Kun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, ZhoukouChina
| | - Kedong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, ZhoukouChina
| | - Fuli Zhang
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, ZhoukouChina
| | - Guangxuan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, ZhoukouChina
| | - Xianhui Nie
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, ZhoukouChina
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
| | - Qiaohua Ji
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, ZhoukouChina
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
| | - Lu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, ZhoukouChina
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
| | - Chengwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, ZhoukouChina
- College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, XinxiangChina
- *Correspondence: Chengwei Li,
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24
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Seo JK, Choi HS, Kim KH. Engineering of soybean mosaic virus as a versatile tool for studying protein-protein interactions in soybean. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22436. [PMID: 26926710 PMCID: PMC4772626 DOI: 10.1038/srep22436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient gene expression approaches are valuable tools for rapid introduction of genes of interest and characterization of their functions in plants. Although agroinfiltration is the most effectively and routinely used method for transient expression of multiple genes in various plant species, this approach has been largely unsuccessful in soybean. In this study, we engineered soybean mosaic virus (SMV) as a dual-gene delivery vector to simultaneously deliver and express two genes in soybean cells. We further show the application of the SMV-based dual vector for a bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay to visualize in vivo protein-protein interactions in soybean and for a co-immunoprecipitation assay to identify cellular proteins interacting with SMV helper component protease. This approach provides a rapid and cost-effective tool for transient introduction of multiple traits into soybean and for in vivo characterization of the soybean cellular protein interaction network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Kyun Seo
- Crop Protection Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 565-851, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Soo Choi
- Crop Protection Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 565-851, Republic of Korea
| | - Kook-Hyung Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
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25
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Guy E, Boulain H, Aigu Y, Le Pennec C, Chawki K, Morlière S, Schädel K, Kunert G, Simon JC, Sugio A. Optimization of Agroinfiltration in Pisum sativum Provides a New Tool for Studying the Salivary Protein Functions in the Pea Aphid Complex. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1171. [PMID: 27555856 PMCID: PMC4977312 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Aphids are piercing-sucking insect pests and feed on phloem sap. During feeding, aphids inject a battery of salivary proteins into host plant. Some of these proteins function like effectors of microbial pathogens and influence the outcome of plant-aphid interactions. The pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) is the model aphid and encompasses multiple biotypes each specialized to one or a few legume species, providing an opportunity to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the compatibility between plants and aphid biotypes. We aim to identify the aphid factors that determine the compatibility with host plants, hence involved in the host plant specialization process, and hypothesize that salivary proteins are one of those factors. Agrobacterium-mediated transient gene expression is a powerful tool to perform functional analyses of effector (salivary) proteins in plants. However, the tool was not established for the legume species that A. pisum feeds on. Thus, we decided to optimize the method for legume plants to facilitate the functional analyses of A. pisum salivary proteins. We screened a range of cultivars of pea (Pisum sativum) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa). None of the M. sativa cultivars was suitable for agroinfiltration under the tested conditions; however, we established a protocol for efficient transient gene expression in two cultivars of P. sativum, ZP1109 and ZP1130, using A. tumefaciens AGL-1 strain and the pEAQ-HT-DEST1 vector. We confirmed that the genes are expressed from 3 to 10 days post-infiltration and that aphid lines of the pea adapted biotype fed and reproduced on these two cultivars while lines of alfalfa and clover biotypes did not. Thus, the pea biotype recognizes these two cultivars as typical pea plants. By using a combination of ZP1109 and an A. pisum line, we defined an agroinfiltration procedure to examine the effect of in planta expression of selected salivary proteins on A. pisum fitness and demonstrated that transient expression of one candidate salivary gene increased the fecundity of the aphids. This result confirms that the agroinfiltration can be used to perform functional analyses of salivary proteins in P. sativum and consequently to study the molecular mechanisms underlying host specialization in the pea aphid complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endrick Guy
- INRA, UMR1349, Institute of Genetics, Environment and Plant ProtectionLe Rheu, France
| | - Hélène Boulain
- INRA, UMR1349, Institute of Genetics, Environment and Plant ProtectionLe Rheu, France
| | - Yoann Aigu
- INRA, UMR1349, Institute of Genetics, Environment and Plant ProtectionLe Rheu, France
| | - Charlotte Le Pennec
- INRA, UMR1349, Institute of Genetics, Environment and Plant ProtectionLe Rheu, France
| | - Khaoula Chawki
- INRA, UMR1349, Institute of Genetics, Environment and Plant ProtectionLe Rheu, France
| | - Stéphanie Morlière
- INRA, UMR1349, Institute of Genetics, Environment and Plant ProtectionLe Rheu, France
| | - Kristina Schädel
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJena, Germany
| | - Grit Kunert
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJena, Germany
| | - Jean-Christophe Simon
- INRA, UMR1349, Institute of Genetics, Environment and Plant ProtectionLe Rheu, France
| | - Akiko Sugio
- INRA, UMR1349, Institute of Genetics, Environment and Plant ProtectionLe Rheu, France
- *Correspondence: Akiko Sugio,
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