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Zhong J, Cui J, Miao M, Hu F, Dong J, Liu J, Zhong C, Cheng J, Hu K. A point mutation in MC06g1112 encoding FLOWERING LOCUS T decreases the first flower node in bitter gourd ( Momordica charantia L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1153208. [PMID: 37881613 PMCID: PMC10595031 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1153208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
In Cucurbitaceae crops, the first flower node (FFN) is an important agronomic trait which can impact the onset of maturity, the production of female flowers, and yield. However, the gene responsible for regulating FFN in bitter gourd is unknown. Here, we used a gynoecious line (S156G) with low FFN as the female parent and a monoecious line (K8-201) with high FFN as the male parent to obtain F1 and F2 generations. Genetic analysis indicated that the low FFN trait was incompletely dominant over the high FFN trait. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL)-Mcffn and four minor effect QTLs-Mcffn1.1, Mcffn1.2, Mcffn1.3, and Mcffn1.4 were detected by whole-genome re-sequencing-based QTL mapping in the S156G×K8-201 F2 population (n=234) cultivated in autumn 2019. The Mcffn locus was further supported by molecular marker-based QTL mapping in three S156G×K8-201 F2 populations planted in autumn 2019 (n=234), autumn 2020 (n=192), and spring 2022 (n=205). Then, the Mcffn locus was fine-mapped into a 77.98-kb physical region on pseudochromosome MC06 using a large S156G×K8-201 F2 population (n=2,402). MC06g1112, which is a homolog of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), was considered as the most likely Mcffn candidate gene according to both expression and sequence variation analyses between parental lines. A point mutation (C277T) in MC06g1112, which results in a P93S amino acid mutation between parental lines, may be responsible for decreasing FFN in bitter gourd. Our findings provide a helpful resource for the molecular marker-assisted selective breeding of bitter gourd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junjie Cui
- Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Mingjun Miao
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Hu
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agricultural, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Jichi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaowen Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kailin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Andrade-Marcial M, Ruíz-May E, Elizalde-Contreras JM, Pacheco N, Herrera-Pool E, De-la-Peña C. Proteome of Agave angustifolia Haw.: Uncovering metabolic alterations, over-accumulation of amino acids, and compensatory pathways in chloroplast-deficient albino plantlets. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107902. [PMID: 37506650 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids (AA) are essential molecules for plant physiology, acting as precursor molecules for proteins and other organic compounds. Chloroplasts play a vital role in AA metabolism, yet little is known about the impact on AA metabolism of albino plants' lack of chloroplasts. In this study, we conducted a quantitative proteome analysis on albino and variegated somaclonal variants of Agave angustifolia Haw. to investigate metabolic alterations in chloroplast-deficient plants, with a focus on AA metabolic pathways. We identified 82 enzymes involved in AA metabolism, with 32 showing differential accumulation between the somaclonal variants. AaCM, AaALS, AaBCAT, AaIPMS1, AaSHMT, AaAST, AaCGS, and AaMS enzymes were particularly relevant in chloroplast-deficient Agave plantlets. Both variegated and albino phenotypes exhibited excessive synthesis of AA typically associated with chloroplasts (aromatic AAs, BCAAs, Asp, Lys, Pro and Met). Consistent trends were observed for AaBCAT and AaCM at mRNA and protein levels in albino plantlets. These findings highlight the critical activation and reprogramming of AA metabolic pathways in plants lacking chloroplasts. This study contributes to unraveling the intricate relationship between AA metabolism and chloroplast absence, offering insights into survival mechanisms of albino plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Andrade-Marcial
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34. Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - E Ruíz-May
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Carretera Antigua a Coatepec No. 351, Congregación el Haya, 91070, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - J M Elizalde-Contreras
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Carretera Antigua a Coatepec No. 351, Congregación el Haya, 91070, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - N Pacheco
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Unidad Sureste, Tablaje Catastral 31264 Km 5.5 Carretera Sierra Papacal-Chuburná Puerto, Parque Científico Tecnológico de Yucatán, CP, 97302, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - E Herrera-Pool
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Unidad Sureste, Tablaje Catastral 31264 Km 5.5 Carretera Sierra Papacal-Chuburná Puerto, Parque Científico Tecnológico de Yucatán, CP, 97302, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - C De-la-Peña
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34. Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
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Toyokawa Y, Koonthongkaew J, Takagi H. An overview of branched-chain amino acid aminotransferases: functional differences between mitochondrial and cytosolic isozymes in yeast and human. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:8059-8072. [PMID: 34622336 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11612-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase (BCAT) catalyzes bidirectional transamination in the cell between branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; valine, leucine, and isoleucine) and branched-chain α-keto acids (BCKAs; α-ketoisovalerate, α-ketoisocaproate, and α-keto-β-methylvalerate). Eukaryotic cells contain two types of paralogous BCATs: mitochondrial BCAT (BCATm) and cytosolic BCAT (BCATc). Both isozymes have identical enzymatic functions, so they have long been considered to perform similar physiological functions in the cells. However, many studies have gradually revealed the differences in physiological functions and regulatory mechanisms between them. In this article, we present overviews of BCATm and BCATc in both yeast and human. We also introduce BCAT variants found natively or constructed artificially, which could have significant implications for research into the relationship between the primary structures and protein functions of BCATs. KEY POINTS: • BCAT catalyzes bidirectional transamination in the cell between BCAAs and BCKAs. • BCATm and BCATc are different in the metabolic roles and regulatory mechanisms. • BCAT variants offer insight into a relationship between the structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Toyokawa
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Jirasin Koonthongkaew
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takagi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.
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Han Q, Sakaguchi S, Wakabayashi T, Setoguchi H. Association between RsFT, RsFLC and RsCOL5 ( A&B) expression and flowering regulation in Japanese wild radish. AOB PLANTS 2021; 13:plab039. [PMID: 34285794 PMCID: PMC8286712 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Flowering is an important step in the life cycle of plants and indicates adaptability to external climatic cues such as temperature and photoperiod. We investigated the expression patterns of core genes related to flowering-time regulation in Japanese wild radish (Raphanus sativus var. raphanistroides) with different vernalization requirements (obligate and facultative) and further identified climatic cues that may act as natural selective forces. Specifically, we analysed flowering-time variation under different cold and photoperiod treatments in Japanese wild radish collected from the Hokkaido (northern lineage) and Okinawa (southern lineage) islands, which experience contrasting climatic cues. The cultivation experiment verified the obligate and facultative vernalization requirements of the northern and southern wild radish accessions, respectively. The expression of major genes involved in flowering time indicated that RsFLC and RsCOL5 (A&B) may interact to regulate flowering time. Notably, floral initiation in the northern lineage was strongly correlated with RsFLC expression, whereas flowering in the southern linage was correlated with induction of RsCOL5-A expression, despite high RsFLC transcript levels. These results suggested that the northern accessions are more sensitive to prolonged cold exposure, whereas the southern accessions are more sensitive to photoperiod. These different mechanisms ultimately confer an optimal flowering time in natural populations in response to locally contrasting climatic cues. This study provides new insights into the variant mechanisms underlying floral pathways in Japanese wild radish from different geographic locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiang Han
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province, 277160, China
- Corresponding author e-mail address:
| | - Shota Sakaguchi
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomomi Wakabayashi
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Setoguchi
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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Yunus IS, Wang Z, Sattayawat P, Muller J, Zemichael FW, Hellgardt K, Jones PR. Improved Bioproduction of 1-Octanol Using Engineered Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:1417-1428. [PMID: 34003632 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
1-Octanol has gained interest as a chemical precursor for both high and low value commodities including fuel, solvents, surfactants, and fragrances. By harnessing the power from sunlight and CO2 as carbon source, cyanobacteria has recently been engineered for renewable production of 1-octanol. The productivity, however, remained low. In the present work, we report efforts to further improve the 1-octanol productivity. Different N-terminal truncations were evaluated on three thioesterases from different plant species, resulting in several candidate thioesterases with improved activity and selectivity toward octanoyl-ACP. The structure/function trials suggest that current knowledge and/or state-of-the art computational tools are insufficient to determine the most appropriate cleavage site for thioesterases in Synechocystis. Additionally, by tuning the inducer concentration and light intensity, we further improved the 1-octanol productivity, reaching up to 35% (w/w) carbon partitioning and a titer of 526 ± 5 mg/L 1-octanol in 12 days. Long-term cultivation experiments demonstrated that the improved strain can be stably maintained for at least 30 days and/or over ten times serial dilution. Surprisingly, the improved strain was genetically stable in contrast to earlier strains having lower productivity (and hence a reduced chance of reaching toxic product concentrations). Altogether, improved enzymes and environmental conditions (e.g., inducer concentration and light intensity) substantially increased the 1-octanol productivity. When cultured under continuous conditions, the bioproduction system reached an accumulative titer of >3.5 g/L 1-octanol over close to 180 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Sofian Yunus
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Zhixuan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Pachara Sattayawat
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Jonathan Muller
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Fessehaye W. Zemichael
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Hellgardt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrik R. Jones
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
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Chen L, Xia F, Wang M, Wang W, Mao P. Metabolomic analyses of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. 'Aohan') reproductive organs under boron deficiency and surplus conditions. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 202:111011. [PMID: 32800236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) deficiency and surplus are the main factors that affect plant growth and yield. A better understanding of the response mechanisms of plant reproductive organs to stress induced by B deficiency and surplus could provide new insights to potential strategies for improving seed yield and quality. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of tolerance to B-induced stress in the reproductive organs of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. 'Aohan'). We initially used five B concentrations (0 mg B L-1, 400 mg B L-1, 800 mg B L-1, 1200 mg B L-1, and 1600 mg B L-1) to determine the B deficient, sufficient, and surplus levels in the field. Secondly, we examined changes in metabolite profiles of alfalfa 'Aohan' reproductive organs in response to B deficiency (0 mg B L-1), B sufficiency (800 mg B L-1), and B surplus (1600 mg B L-1) conditions using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Flowers and seeds from alfalfa 'Aohan' showed different metabolite profiles and resistance capacity under B deficiency and surplus conditions. B deficiency led to the excessive accumulation of sugars and phenolic compounds in alfalfa 'Aohan' and seeds, respectively, thus causing abscission or the abortion of reproductive organs. In contrast, B surplus severely reduced the levels of metabolites associated with amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism, resulting in the flowers falling and, therefore, low seed yield. Overall, B deficiency predominantly reduced seed yield and quality of alfalfa 'Aohan', while B surplus mainly affected seed yield of alfalfa 'Aohan'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, College of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, PR China; Forage Seed Lab, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Fangshan Xia
- Forage Seed Lab, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi Province, 030801, PR China
| | - Mingya Wang
- Forage Seed Lab, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Wenchao Wang
- Shanghai ProfLeader Biotech Co, Ltd, Shanghai, 200231, PR China
| | - Peisheng Mao
- Forage Seed Lab, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
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