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Rong C, Zhang R, Liu Y, Chang Z, Liu Z, Ding Y, Ding C. Purine permease (PUP) family gene PUP11 positively regulates the rice seed setting rate by influencing seed development. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:112. [PMID: 38568250 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03193-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Purine permease PUP11 is essential for rice seed development, regulates the seed setting rate, and influences the cytokinin content, sugar transport, and starch biosynthesis during grain development. The distribution of cytokinins in plant tissues determines plant growth and development and is regulated by several cytokinin transporters, including purine permease (PUP). Thirteen PUP genes have been identified within the rice genome; however, the functions of most of these genes remain poorly understood. We found that pup11 mutants showed extremely low seed setting rates and a unique filled seed distribution. Moreover, seed formation arrest in these mutants was associated with the disappearance of accumulated starch 10 days after flowering. PUP11 has two major transcripts with different expression patterns and subcellular locations, and further studies revealed that they have redundant positive roles in regulating the seed setting rate. We also found that type-A Response Regulator (RR) genes were upregulated in the developing grains of the pup11 mutant compared with those in the wild type. The results also showed that PUP11 altered the expression of several sucrose transporters and significantly upregulated certain starch biosynthesis genes. In summary, our results indicate that PUP11 influences the rice seed setting rate by regulating sucrose transport and starch accumulation during grain filling. This research provides new insights into the relationship between cytokinins and seed development, which may help improve cereal yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Rong
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Renren Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuexin Liu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyuan Chang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Liu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Ding
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored By Province and Ministry, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chengqiang Ding
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored By Province and Ministry, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Liu J, Ke M, Sun Y, Niu S, Zhang W, Li Y. Epigenetic regulation and epigenetic memory resetting during plant rejuvenation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:733-745. [PMID: 37930766 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Reversal of plant developmental status from the mature to the juvenile phase, thus leading to the restoration of the developmental potential, is referred to as plant rejuvenation. It involves multilayer regulation, including resetting gene expression patterns, chromatin remodeling, and histone modifications, eventually resulting in the restoration of juvenile characteristics. Although plants can be successfully rejuvenated using some forestry practices to restore juvenile morphology, physiology, and reproductive capabilities, studies on the epigenetic mechanisms underlying this process are in the nascent stage. This review provides an overview of the plant rejuvenation process and discusses the key epigenetic mechanisms involved in DNA methylation, histone modification, and chromatin remodeling in the process of rejuvenation, as well as the roles of small RNAs in this process. Additionally, we present new inquiries regarding the epigenetic regulation of plant rejuvenation, aiming to advance our understanding of rejuvenation in sexually and asexually propagated plants. Overall, we highlight the importance of epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of plant rejuvenation, providing valuable insights into the complexity of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Meng Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yuhan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shihui Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Yun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, PR China
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Liu J, Jie W, Shi X, Ding Y, Ding C. Transcription elongation factors OsSPT4 and OsSPT5 are essential for rice growth and development and act with APO2. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023:10.1007/s00299-023-03025-6. [PMID: 37148321 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The transcription elongation factor SPT4/SPT5 complex is essential for rice vegetative and reproductive growth and that OsSPT5-1, with its interactor APO2, is involved in multiple phytohormone pathways. The SPT4/SPT5 complex is a transcription elongation factor that regulates the processivity of transcription elongation. However, our understanding of the role of SPT4/SPT5 complex in developmental regulation remains limited. Here, we identified three SPT4/SPT5 genes (OsSPT4, OsSPT5-1, and OsSPT5-2) in rice, and investigated their roles in vegetative and reproductive growth. These genes are highly conserved with their orthologs in other species. OsSPT4 and OsSPT5-1 are widely expressed in various tissues. By contrast, OsSPT5-2 is expressed at a relatively low level, which could cause osspt5-2 null mutants have no phenotypes. Loss-of-function mutants of OsSPT4 and OsSPT5-1 could not be obtained; their heterozygotes showed severe reproductive growth defects. An incomplete mutant line (osspt5-1#12) displayed gibberellin-related dwarfed defects and a weak root system at an early vegetative phase, and a short life cycle in different planting environments. Furthermore, OsSPT5-1 interacts with the transcription factor ABERRANT PANICLE ORGANIZATION 2 (APO2) and plays a similar role in regulating the growth of rice shoots. RNA sequencing analysis verified that OsSPT5-1 is involved in multiple phytohormone pathways, including gibberellin, auxin, and cytokinin. Therefore, the SPT4/SPT5 complex is essential for both vegetative and reproductive growth in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Liu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanrong Jie
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi'an Shi
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Ding
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengqiang Ding
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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