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Jenderek MM, Yeater KM, Thomas AL. Germplasm of Ozark chinquapin (Castanea ozarkensis Ashe) can be cryopreserved by dormant winter buds. Cryobiology 2024; 114:104833. [PMID: 38072181 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2023.104833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Ozark chinquapin (Castanea ozarkensis Ashe) is a forest tree, endemic to the Ozark Mountain region in Eastern United States. Its nutritious nuts were consumed by Native Americans, European settlers, livestock, and wild animals and its wood was an important rot-resistant construction material. Once a significant tree in regional forest communities, the species was nearly eradicated by a chestnut blight caused by Cryphonectria parasitca (Murill) Barr fungus. Some individuals have survived as sprouts from adventitious root buds, but they rarely reach reproductive maturity. While some in situ restoration efforts are underway, the development of a viable ex situ germplasm preservation method is critical to the conservation of this important food-bearing species. Our experiment aimed to develop a cryopreservation method for C. ozarkensis dormant winter buds subjected to eight experimental treatments before desiccation, slow cooling, and storage in liquid nitrogen vapor. The highest post cryogenic viability was 91.2 % for dormant buds pretreated with 0.3 M sucrose for 16 h followed by 0.75 M sucrose for 3 h; this treatment is suggested for cryopreservation of dormant winter buds of Ozark chinquapin germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Jenderek
- USDA-ARS, National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation, 1111 S. Mason Street, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA.
| | - Kathleen M Yeater
- USDA-ARS, Plains Area, Office of the Area Director, 2150 Centre Ave, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Andrew L Thomas
- University of Missouri, Division of Plant Science and Technology, Southwest Research, Extension and Education Center, 14548 Highway H, Mt. Vernon, MO, 65712, USA
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Zamecnik J, Faltus M, Bilavcik A. Vitrification Solutions for Plant Cryopreservation: Modification and Properties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2623. [PMID: 34961099 PMCID: PMC8707230 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Many plants cannot vitrify themselves because they lack glassy state-inducing substances and/or have high water content. Therefore, cryoprotectants are used to induce vitrification. A cryoprotectant must have at least the following primary abilities: high glass-forming property, dehydration strength on a colligative basis to dehydrate plant cells to induce the vitrification state, and must not be toxic for plants. This review introduces the compounds used for vitrification solutions (VSs), their properties indicating a modification of different plant vitrification solutions, their modifications in the compounds, and/or their concentration. An experimental comparison is listed based on the survival or regeneration rate of one particular species after using more than three different VSs or their modifications. A brief overview of various cryopreservation methods using the Plant Vitrification Solution (PVS) is also included. This review can help in alert researchers to newly introduced PVSs for plant vitrification cryoprotocols, their properties, and the choice of their modifications in the compounds and/or their concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Zamecnik
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507, 16106 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.F.); (A.B.)
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Vidyagina EO, Kharchenko NN, Shestibratov KA. Efficient Cryopreservation of Populus tremula by In Vitro-Grown Axillary Buds and Genetic Stability of Recovered Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:E77. [PMID: 33401697 PMCID: PMC7823548 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Axillary buds of in vitro microshoots were successfully frozen at -196 °C by the one-step freezing method using the protective vitrification solution 2 (PVS2). Microshoots were taken from 11 transgenic lines and three wild type lines. Influence of different explant pretreatments were analyzed from the point of their influence towards recovery after cryopreservation. It was found out that the use of axillary buds as explants after removal of the apical one increases recovery on average by 8%. The cultivation on growth medium of higher density insignificantly raises the regenerants survival rate. Pretreatment of the osmotic fluid (OF) shows the greatest influence on the survival rate. It leads to the increase in survival rate by 20%. The cryopreservation technology providing regenerants average survival rate of 83% was developed. It was based on the experimental results obtained with explant pretreatment. Incubation time in liquid nitrogen did not affect the explants survival rate after thawing. After six months cryostorage of samples their genetic variability was analyzed. Six variable simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci were used to analyze genotype variability after the freezing-thawing procedure. The microsatellite analysis showed the genetic status identity of plants after cryopreservation and of the original genotypes. The presence of the recombinant gene in the transgenic lines after cryostorage were confirmed so as the interclonal variation in the growth rate under greenhouse conditions. The developed technique is recommended for long-term storage of various breeding and genetically modified lines of aspen plants, as it provides a high percentage of explants survival with no changes in genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena O. Vidyagina
- Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Science avenue 6, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia;
| | - Nikolay N. Kharchenko
- Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies Named after G.F.Morozov, 8 Timiryazeva Str., Voronezh 394087, Russia;
| | - Konstantin A. Shestibratov
- Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Science avenue 6, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia;
- Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies Named after G.F.Morozov, 8 Timiryazeva Str., Voronezh 394087, Russia;
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Abstract
An important aspect of the function of melatonin seems to be the mediation of stress caused by environmental and chemical factors. In the cryopreservation process, environmental changes including osmotic injury, desiccation, and low temperature can impose a series of stresses on plants. In this study, we evaluated the role of melatonin in stress protection during the process of cryopreservation using callus of an endangered plant species Rhodiola crenulata. The survival rate of the cryopreserved callus significantly increased when the callus was pretreated for 5 days with 0.1 μm melatonin prior to freezing in liquid nitrogen. Analysis of antioxidative activity following the pretreatment of callus with 0.1 μm melatonin showed a significant reduction in malondialdehyde production during various steps of cryopreservation. Enhanced peroxidase and catalase activity was observed in the callus after pretreatment with 0.1 μm melatonin compared to the control. These observations provide new evidence of the antioxidant/anti-stress function of melatonin, and it is the first report of its potential application in the preservation of elite endangered germplasm through the process of cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhao MA, Xhu YZ, Dhital SP, Khu DM, Song YS, Wang MY, Lim HT. An efficient cryopreservation procedure for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) utilizing the new ice blocking agent, Supercool X1000. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2005; 24:477-81. [PMID: 15864594 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-005-0970-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2004] [Revised: 03/16/2005] [Accepted: 03/17/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation has been recognized as a practical and efficient tool for long-term storage of vegetatively propagated plants. This study was conducted to investigate effects of modified vitrification techniques on cryopreservation of potato. In vitro plants of potato cultivars "Superior" and "Atlantic" were cold acclimated, and axillary buds were precultured, osmoprotected, exposed to PVS-2 solution, plunged into liquid nitrogen, thawed, and finally planted in the regeneration medium. In the modified vitrification technique an ice-blocking agent, Supercool X1000, was added with PVS-2 solution. Cold acclimation affected survival of cryopreserved shoot tips, and the highest survival (46.7%) was obtained after 3 weeks of acclimation at 10 degrees C. Shoot tips exposed to 2M glycerol plus 0.6M sucrose for 40 min gave 51.5% and 11.7% survival in "Atlantic" and "Superior" at 10 degrees C, respectively. Cold acclimated and osmoprotected shoot tips were dehydrated with PVS-2 containing different concentrations of Supercool X1000 prior to a plunge into liquid nitrogen. Treatments with 0.1% and 1% of Supercool X1000 significantly improved survival by 55% in "Superior" and 71.3% in "Atlantic", respectively. After cryopreservation, vitrified shoot tips resumed growth within a week in a medium (1 mg l(-1) GA(3), 0.5 mg l(-1) zeatin, and 0.1 mg l(-1) IAA) with a low level of Pluronic F-68 (0.005%) and survival was 33.7% higher in "Atlantic" and 14.7% higher in "Superior" than the control (without Pluronic F-68).
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Zhao
- Division of Biotechnology, Center for the Korea Potato Genetic Resources (KPGR), and Potato Valley Co. Ltd., Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, Korea.
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Ryynänen L, Aronen T. Vitrification, a complementary cryopreservation method for Betula pendula Roth. Cryobiology 2005; 51:208-19. [PMID: 16139833 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2005.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2005] [Revised: 07/01/2005] [Accepted: 07/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation--the storage of plant germplasm in liquid nitrogen--provides a modern tool for the conservation of forest genetic resources. It is especially applicable for species in which their micropropagation can be initiated from mature tree buds, e.g., silver birch (Betula pendula Roth), thus enabling the conservation of specific genotypes: endangered elite trees and trees expressing rare, valuable or interesting characteristics. The aim of the present study was to develop a vitrification protocol applicable for the cryostorage of silver birch that avoids the use of expensive sophisticated freezers. The average recovery of vitrified axillary silver birch buds was 71% using a protocol that started with four-week cold hardening of bud-bearing in vitro donor shoots on modified medium under short day conditions. After cold hardening, the excised axillary buds were precultivated on medium containing 0.7 M sucrose for 24 h under the same conditions as during the cold hardening period. Following preculture, the buds were treated with loading solution containing 2M glycerol and 0.4 M sucrose for 20 min at room temperature. Finally, the buds were dehydrated with PVS2 cryoprotectant for 120 min followed by direct immersion in liquid nitrogen. According to the morphology and the RAPD profiles of regenerated plants in the greenhouse, the genetic fidelity of the vitrified birch material seems to have remained unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Ryynänen
- Finnish Forest Research Institute, Punkaharju Research Station, Finlandiantie 18, FI-58450 Punkaharju, Finland.
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Wang Q, Laamanen J, Uosukainen M, Valkonen JPT. Cryopreservation of in vitro-grown shoot tips of raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) by encapsulation-vitrification and encapsulation-dehydration. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2005; 24:280-288. [PMID: 15834570 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-005-0936-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2004] [Revised: 12/03/2004] [Accepted: 01/29/2005] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The first efficient cryopreservation procedure for in vitro-grown shoot tips of raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) has been developed based on encapsulation-vitrification (EnVi) and encapsulation-dehydration (EnDe). EnVi resulted in higher survival (85%) and regrowth (75%) of cryopreserved shoot tips than EnDe (65 and 50%, respectively). In both cryogenic procedures, shoots regenerated from cryopreserved shoot tips without intermediary callus formation. Histological studies showed that a much larger number of meristematic cells survived following EnVi than EnDe. The EnVi procedure was applied to seven raspberry genotypes with an average survival and regrowth of 71 and 68%, respectively. Regenerated plants showed normal morphology. Results here indicate EnVi as a simple and efficient method for long-term preservation of R. idaeus germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaochun Wang
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
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Abstract
The release of the first tree genome sequence for Populus tricocarpa, along with continuing rapid development of Populus EST, microarray and metabolomic technologies, promises to advance forest tree genomics. High throughput transformation by knockout or other gene manipulation strategies to generate large numbers of transgenic Populus for functional elucidation of the estimated 36 000 genes will soon follow. The efficacy of large-scale transformation approaches for advancing Populus genomics will ultimately depend on the availability of properly maintained transgenic germ lines for distribution. The Arabidopsis community has already demonstrated the value of shared genetic resources, especially mutant and transgenic seed stocks, in functional genomics research. Seed bank will not work for the Populus research community. Instead, a stock distribution center for transgenic Populus research will have to be based on long-term preservation of clonal germplasm. This review presents recent progress in applying cryogenic techniques for clonal preservation of long-lived trees and discusses the challenges facing Populus molecular geneticists in germplasm preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Jui Tsai
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Sandra L Hubscher
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
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Lambardi M, De Carlo A. Application of Tissue Culture to the Germplasm Conservation of Temperate Broad-Leaf Trees. MICROPROPAGATION OF WOODY TREES AND FRUITS 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-0125-0_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Cryopreservation of Australian Species — The Role of Plant Growth Regulators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-04674-6_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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