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da Silva JRMC, Bergami E, Gomes V, Corsi I. Occurrence and distribution of legacy and emerging pollutants including plastic debris in Antarctica: Sources, distribution and impact on marine biodiversity. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 186:114353. [PMID: 36436273 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Since the first explorers reached Antarctica, their activities have quickly impacted both land and sea and thus, together with the long-range transport, hazardous chemicals began to accumulate. It is commonly recognized that anthropogenic pollution in Antarctica can originate from either global or local sources. Heavy metals, organohalogenated compounds, hydrocarbons, and (more recently) plastic, have been found in Antarctic biota, soil sediments, seawater, air, snow and sea-ice. Studies in such remote areas are challenging and expensive, and the complexity of potential interactions occurring in such extreme climate conditions (i.e., low temperature) makes any accurate prediction on potential impacts difficult. The present review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge on occurrence and distribution of legacy and emerging pollutants in Antarctica, such as plastic, from either global or local sources. Future actions to monitor and mitigate any potential impact on Antarctic biodiversity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Roberto Machado Cunha da Silva
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science / CEBIMar (Centro de Biologia Marinha), University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 05509900, Brazil.
| | - Elisa Bergami
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Vicente Gomes
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Ilaria Corsi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Kuz’mina VV. Specific Features of Nutrient Transport
in the Digestive Tract of Fish. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021020010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Faccioli CK, Chedid RA, Mori RH, do Amaral AC, Vicentini IBF, Vicentini CA. Cytochemical features of the digestive tract mucosa of Hemisorubim platyrhynchos (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2018; 92:1915-1928. [PMID: 29624674 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Membranous organelles, acid glycoconjugates and lipids were characterized in the digestive tract mucosa of Hemisorubim platyrhynchos by cytochemistry techniques. Two types of mucous-secreting cells were observed in the digestive tract epithelium: goblet cells in the oesophagus and intestine and epithelial cells in the stomach. These cells had a Golgi apparatus more developed than the other cell types. The cytochemical analysis revealed that secretory granules are reactive to acid glycoconjugates, varying in reaction intensity according to the region of the digestive tract. Acid glycoconjugate reactions were also observed in oesophageal epithelial cell microridges and in enterocyte microvilli. In the digestive tract, acid glycoconjugates act to protect the epithelial surface, increasing mucous viscosity, which facilitates the passage of food, prevents the binding of parasites and facilitates their removal. Through lipid staining, a coated membrane was observed around each secretory granule of the oesophageal and intestinal goblet cells, while gastric epithelial cells granules were fully reactive. Oxynticopeptic cells of the gastric glands showed lipid droplets in the cytoplasm and also in the mitochondrial matrix, which act as an energy reserve for these cells that have a high energy demand. Enterocytes showed a well-developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum, especially in the apical region of the cell, being related to absorption and resynthesis of lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Faccioli
- Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Human Anatomy, 1720 Pará Avenue, 38, 400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Institute of Biosciences, Letter and Exact Sciences, Post-Graduate Program in Animal Biology, 2265 Cristovão Colombo Street, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - R A Chedid
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Aquaculture Center of UNESP - CAUNESP, Post-Graduate Program in Aquaculture, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - R H Mori
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Aquaculture Center of UNESP - CAUNESP, Post-Graduate Program in Aquaculture, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - A C do Amaral
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Sciences, 14-01 Engenheiro Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube Avenue, 17033-360, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - I B F Vicentini
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Sciences, 14-01 Engenheiro Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube Avenue, 17033-360, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - C A Vicentini
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Sciences, 14-01 Engenheiro Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube Avenue, 17033-360, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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dos Santos MF, Maltauro Soares MA, Lallo MA, Barros-Battesti DM, de Lima-Netto S, Spadacci-Morena DD. Morphodifferentiation of Gené’s organ in engorged Amblyomma sculptum Berlese, 1888 female ticks (Acari: Ixodidae). Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2018; 9:519-525. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ahn DH, Kang S, Park H. Transcriptome analysis of immune response genes induced by pathogen agonists in the Antarctic bullhead notothen Notothenia coriiceps. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 55:315-322. [PMID: 27276114 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fish are a representative population of lower vertebrates that serve as an essential link to early vertebrate evolution, and this has fueled academic interest in studying ancient vertebrate immune defense mechanisms in teleosts. Notothenia coriiceps, a typical Antarctic notothenioid teleost, has evolved to adapt to the cold and thermally stable Antarctic sea. In this study, we examined adaptive signaling pathways and immune responses to bacterial and viral pathogenic exposure in N. coriiceps. Using RNA sequencing, we investigated transcriptional differences in the liver tissues of N. coriiceps challenged with two pathogen-mimicking agonists, a bacterial ligand (heat-killed Escherichia coli, HKEB) and a viral ligand (polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, Poly I:C). We found that 567 unique genes were up-regulated two-fold in the HKEB-exposed group, whereas 392 unique genes, including 124 immune-relevant genes, were up-regulated two-fold in the Poly I:C-exposed group. A KEGG pathway analysis of the 124 immune-relevant genes revealed that they exhibited major features of antigen processing and presentation bacterial ligand exposure, but they were down-regulated after viral ligand exposure. A quantitative real time RT-PCR analysis revealed that TNFα and TNF2, major inducers of apoptosis, were highly up-regulated after exposure to the viral ligand but not the bacterial ligand. The results suggest that the bacterial and viral ligands up-regulate inducers of different immune mechanisms in N. coriiceps liver tissue. N. coriiceps has an immune response defense strategy that uses antigen presentation against bacterial infection, but it may use a different defense, such as TNF-mediated apoptosis, against viral infection. The specific immune responses of N. coriiceps may be adaptations to the Antarctic environment and pathogens. These results will help define the characteristics of Antarctic fish and increase our understanding of their immune response mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hwan Ahn
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, South Korea
| | - Seunghyun Kang
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, South Korea
| | - Hyun Park
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, South Korea; Polar Sciences, University of Science & Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea.
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Shin SC, Ahn DH, Kim SJ, Pyo CW, Lee H, Kim MK, Lee J, Lee JE, Detrich HW, Postlethwait JH, Edwards D, Lee SG, Lee JH, Park H. The genome sequence of the Antarctic bullhead notothen reveals evolutionary adaptations to a cold environment. Genome Biol 2014; 15:468. [PMID: 25252967 PMCID: PMC4192396 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-014-0468-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antarctic fish have adapted to the freezing waters of the Southern Ocean. Representative adaptations to this harsh environment include a constitutive heat shock response and the evolution of an antifreeze protein in the blood. Despite their adaptations to the cold, genome-wide studies have not yet been performed on these fish due to the lack of a sequenced genome. Notothenia coriiceps, the Antarctic bullhead notothen, is an endemic teleost fish with a circumpolar distribution and makes a good model to understand the genomic adaptations to constant sub-zero temperatures. Results We provide the draft genome sequence and annotation for N. coriiceps. Comparative genome-wide analysis with other fish genomes shows that mitochondrial proteins and hemoglobin evolved rapidly. Transcriptome analysis of thermal stress responses find alternative response mechanisms for evolution strategies in a cold environment. Loss of the phosphorylation-dependent sumoylation motif in heat shock factor 1 suggests that the heat shock response evolved into a simple and rapid phosphorylation-independent regulatory mechanism. Rapidly evolved hemoglobin and the induction of a heat shock response in the blood may support the efficient supply of oxygen to cold-adapted mitochondria. Conclusions Our data and analysis suggest that evolutionary strategies in efficient aerobic cellular respiration are controlled by hemoglobin and mitochondrial proteins, which may be important for the adaptation of Antarctic fish to their environment. The use of genome data from the Antarctic endemic fish provides an invaluable resource providing evidence of evolutionary adaptation and can be applied to other studies of Antarctic fish. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-014-0468-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Faccioli CK, Chedid RA, Amaral ACD, Franceschini Vicentini IB, Vicentini CA. Morphology and histochemistry of the digestive tract in carnivorous freshwater Hemisorubim platyrhynchos (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae). Micron 2014; 64:10-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kamalam BS, Panserat S, Aguirre P, Geurden I, Fontagné-Dicharry S, Médale F. Selection for high muscle fat in rainbow trout induces potentially higher chylomicron synthesis and PUFA biosynthesis in the intestine. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2012; 164:417-27. [PMID: 23238590 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Two lines of rainbow trout divergently selected for muscle fat content, fat line (F) and lean line (L) were used to investigate the effect of genetic selection on digestion, intestinal nutrient transport and fatty acid bioconversion, in relation to dietary starch intake. This study involved a digestibility trial for 2 weeks using Cr(2)O(3) as inert marker, followed by a feeding trial for 4 weeks. For the entire duration, juvenile trout from the two lines were fed diets with or without gelatinized starch. Blood, pyloric ceca, midgut and hindgut were sampled at 24 h after the last meal. Transcripts of the proteins involved in nutrient transport and fatty acid bioconversion were abundant in the proximal intestine. GLUT2 transcripts were slightly higher in the F line ceca than in the L line. Dietary starch intake did not enhance the transcription of intestinal glucose transporters, SGLT1 and GLUT2; but it was associated with the higher expression of ApoA1 and PepT1 in the midgut. Significantly, the F line exhibited higher intestinal mRNA levels of MTP, ApoA4, Elovl2, Elovl5 and D6D than the L line, linked to chylomicron assembly and fatty acid bioconversion. Apparent digestibility coefficients of protein, lipid and starch were high in both lines, but not significantly different between them. In conclusion, we found a higher potential of chylomicron synthesis and fatty acid bioconversion in the intestine of F line, but no adaptive transcriptional response of glucose transporters to dietary starch and no genotypic differences in nutrient digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biju Sam Kamalam
- INRA, UR1067 Nutrition Metabolism Aquaculture, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
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Bakke AM, Glover C, Krogdahl Å. Feeding, digestion and absorption of nutrients. FISH PHYSIOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1546-5098(10)03002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Magalhães BS, Fiamoncini J, Deschamps FC, Curi R, Silva LP. Comparison of fatty acid composition in nine organs of the sympatric Antarctic teleost fish species Notothenia coriiceps and Notothenia rossii (Perciformes: Nototheniidae). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2009; 155:132-7. [PMID: 19883785 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2009.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Revised: 10/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid (FA) composition of nine organs from two closely related Antarctic fish species, Notothenia coriiceps and Notothenia rossii, was determined through gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. A data set for each species was obtained using major FA profiles from specimens caught in the sea waters of Admiralty Bay during the summer season. The FA profiles for both species are overall similar, but organ peculiarities have been found, which could reflect metabolic specificities and feeding habits between species. With the exception of liver, the most abundant FA in organs was the n-3 polyunsaturated FA. The total n-6 polyunsaturated FAs were minor components in all evaluated organs. Palmitic acid was identified as the major saturated FA, whereas oleic acid was the most represented of the monounsaturated FA in almost all assessed organs of both species. The n-3/n-6 ratios of all organs were higher than 3.5. Differences in individual FA and FA metabolic profiles of some organs observed between N. coriiceps and N. rossii suggest specific requirements in the mobilization, transport, incorporation, and/or catabolism of lipids that were reinforced by differences on some FA ratios expressing the activity coefficient of enzymes implicated on the FA pathway flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Magalhães
- Laboratório de Espectrometria de Massa, Núcleo Temático de Biotecnologia, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
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