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Mendes CRB, Costa RR, Ferreira A, Jesus B, Tavano VM, Dotto TS, Leal MC, Kerr R, Islabão CA, Franco ADODR, Mata MM, Garcia CAE, Secchi ER. Cryptophytes: An emerging algal group in the rapidly changing Antarctic Peninsula marine environments. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1791-1808. [PMID: 36656050 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is a climatically sensitive region where foundational changes at the basis of the food web have been recorded; cryptophytes are gradually outgrowing diatoms together with a decreased size spectrum of the phytoplankton community. Based on a 11-year (2008-2018) in-situ dataset, we demonstrate a strong coupling between biomass accumulation of cryptophytes, summer upper ocean stability, and the mixed layer depth. Our results shed light on the environmental conditions favoring the cryptophyte success in coastal regions of the WAP, especially during situations of shallower mixed layers associated with lower diatom biomass, which evidences a clear competition or niche segregation between diatoms and cryptophytes. We also unravel the cryptophyte photo-physiological niche by exploring its capacity to thrive under high light stress normally found in confined stratified upper layers. Such conditions are becoming more frequent in the Antarctic coastal waters and will likely have significant future implications at various levels of the marine food web. The competitive advantage of cryptophytes in environments with significant light level fluctuations was supported by laboratory experiments that revealed a high flexibility of cryptophytes to grow in different light conditions driven by a fast photo-regulating response. All tested physiological parameters support the hypothesis that cryptophytes are highly flexible regarding their growing light conditions and extremely efficient in rapidly photo-regulating changes to environmental light levels. This plasticity would give them a competitive advantage in exploiting an ecological niche where light levels fluctuate quickly. These findings provide new insights on niche separation between diatoms and cryptophytes, which is vital for a thorough understanding of the WAP marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rafael Borges Mendes
- Laboratório de Fitoplâncton e Microorganismos Marinhos, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande, Brazil
- Laboratório de Estudo dos Oceanos e Clima, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Raul Rodrigo Costa
- Laboratório de Fitoplâncton e Microorganismos Marinhos, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande, Brazil
- Laboratório de Estudo dos Oceanos e Clima, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Afonso Ferreira
- Laboratório de Fitoplâncton e Microorganismos Marinhos, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências, MARE - Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bruno Jesus
- Laboratoire Mer Molécules Santé, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Virginia Maria Tavano
- Laboratório de Fitoplâncton e Microorganismos Marinhos, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande, Brazil
- Laboratório de Estudo dos Oceanos e Clima, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Tiago Segabinazzi Dotto
- Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Miguel Costa Leal
- Departamento de Biologia, ECOMARE, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Kerr
- Laboratório de Estudo dos Oceanos e Clima, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Carolina Antuarte Islabão
- Laboratório de Fitoplâncton e Microorganismos Marinhos, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Andréa de Oliveira da Rocha Franco
- Laboratório de Fitoplâncton e Microorganismos Marinhos, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Mauricio M Mata
- Laboratório de Estudo dos Oceanos e Clima, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Eiras Garcia
- Laboratório de Estudo dos Oceanos e Clima, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Resende Secchi
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação da Megafauna Marinha, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande, Brazil
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Orselli IBM, Carvalho ACO, Monteiro T, Damini BY, Carvalho-Borges MDE, Albuquerque C, Kerr R. The marine carbonate system along the northern Antarctic Peninsula: current knowledge and future perspectives. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20210825. [PMID: 35544840 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220210825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the regions of the Southern Ocean, the northern Antarctic Peninsula (NAP) has emerged as a hotspot of climate change investigation. Nonetheless, studies have indicated issues and knowledge gaps that must be addressed to expand the understanding of the carbonate system in the region. Therefore, we focused on identifying current knowledge about sea-air CO2 fluxes (FCO2), anthropogenic carbon (Cant) and ocean acidification along NAP and provide a better comprehension of the key physical processes controlling the carbonate system. Regarding physical dynamics, we discuss the role of water masses formation, climate modes, upwelling and intrusions of Circumpolar Deep Water, and mesoscale processes. For FCO2, we show that the summer season corresponds to a strong sink in coastal areas, leading to CO2 uptake that is greater than or equal to that of the open ocean. We highlight that the prevalence of summer studies prevents comprehending processes occurring throughout the year and the net annual CO2 balance in the region. Thus, temporal investigations are necessary to determine natural environmental fluctuations and to distinguish natural variability from anthropogenically driven changes. We emphasize the importance of more studies regarding Cant uptake rate, accumulation, and export to global oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iole B M Orselli
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Oceanografia, Laboratório de Estudos dos Oceanos e Clima (LEOC), Av. Itália, s/n, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.,Brazilian Ocean Acidification Network (BrOA), Av. Itália, s/n, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia da Criosfera, Grupo de Estudos do Oceano Austral e Gelo Marinho, Av. Itália, s/n, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Oceanografia, Av. Itália, s/n, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Andréa C O Carvalho
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Oceanografia, Laboratório de Estudos dos Oceanos e Clima (LEOC), Av. Itália, s/n, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.,Brazilian Ocean Acidification Network (BrOA), Av. Itália, s/n, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia da Criosfera, Grupo de Estudos do Oceano Austral e Gelo Marinho, Av. Itália, s/n, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Oceanografia, Av. Itália, s/n, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Monteiro
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Oceanografia, Laboratório de Estudos dos Oceanos e Clima (LEOC), Av. Itália, s/n, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.,Brazilian Ocean Acidification Network (BrOA), Av. Itália, s/n, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia da Criosfera, Grupo de Estudos do Oceano Austral e Gelo Marinho, Av. Itália, s/n, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Oceanografia, Av. Itália, s/n, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Brendon Y Damini
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Oceanografia, Laboratório de Estudos dos Oceanos e Clima (LEOC), Av. Itália, s/n, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.,Brazilian Ocean Acidification Network (BrOA), Av. Itália, s/n, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia da Criosfera, Grupo de Estudos do Oceano Austral e Gelo Marinho, Av. Itália, s/n, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Oceanografia, Av. Itália, s/n, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariah DE Carvalho-Borges
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Oceanografia, Laboratório de Estudos dos Oceanos e Clima (LEOC), Av. Itália, s/n, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.,Brazilian Ocean Acidification Network (BrOA), Av. Itália, s/n, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia da Criosfera, Grupo de Estudos do Oceano Austral e Gelo Marinho, Av. Itália, s/n, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Albuquerque
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Oceanografia, Laboratório de Estudos dos Oceanos e Clima (LEOC), Av. Itália, s/n, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.,Brazilian Ocean Acidification Network (BrOA), Av. Itália, s/n, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia da Criosfera, Grupo de Estudos do Oceano Austral e Gelo Marinho, Av. Itália, s/n, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Oceanografia, Av. Itália, s/n, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Kerr
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Oceanografia, Laboratório de Estudos dos Oceanos e Clima (LEOC), Av. Itália, s/n, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.,Brazilian Ocean Acidification Network (BrOA), Av. Itália, s/n, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia da Criosfera, Grupo de Estudos do Oceano Austral e Gelo Marinho, Av. Itália, s/n, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Oceanografia, Av. Itália, s/n, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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Moreau S, Mostajir B, Bélanger S, Schloss IR, Vancoppenolle M, Demers S, Ferreyra GA. Climate change enhances primary production in the western Antarctic Peninsula. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2015; 21:2191-205. [PMID: 25626857 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Intense regional warming was observed in the western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) over the last 50 years. Here, we investigate the impact of climate change on primary production (PP) in this highly productive region. This study is based on temporal data series of ozone thickness (1972-2010), sea ice concentration (1978-2010), sea-surface temperature (1990-2010), incident irradiance (1988-2010) and satellite-derived chlorophyll a concentration (Chl-a, 1997-2010) for the coastal WAP. In addition, we apply a photosynthesis/photoinhibition spectral model to satellite-derived data (1997-2010) to compute PP and examine the separate impacts of environmental forcings. Since 1978, sea ice retreat has been occurring earlier in the season (in March in 1978 and in late October during the 2000s) while the ozone hole is present in early spring (i.e. August to November) since the early 1990s, increasing the intensity of ultraviolet-B radiation (UVBR, 280-320 nm). The WAP waters have also warmed over 1990-2010. The modelled PP rates are in the lower range of previously reported PP rates in the WAP. The annual open water PP in the study area increased from 1997 to 2010 (from 0.73 to 1.03 Tg C yr(-1) ) concomitantly with the increase in the production season length. The coincidence between the earlier sea ice retreat and the presence of the ozone hole increased the exposure to incoming radiation (UVBR, UVAR and PAR) and, thus, increased photoinhibition during austral spring (September to November) in the study area (from 0.014 to 0.025 Tg C yr(-1) ). This increase in photoinhibition was minor compared to the overall increase in PP, however. Climate change hence had an overall positive impact on PP in the WAP waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Moreau
- Georges Lemaître Centre for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium; Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
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