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Nikitin DA. Ecological Characteristics of Antarctic Fungi. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2023; 508:32-54. [PMID: 37186046 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496622700120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In view of the high responsiveness of polar ecosystems to the global climate change, the research of Antarctic microorganisms has become a topical issue. The unique ecosystems that have developed under the severe climate conditions of the continent lack flowering plants but are dominated by soil mycobiota. In addition to performing their classical ecological functions, Antarctic fungi form the basis of local communities, e.g., endoliths and microbial mats. Furthermore, Antarctic fungi are a major force that mediates transformation of rock minerals in situ and makes biologically significant elements available for other organisms. For these reasons, mycobiota plays a central role in the maintenance of ecological equilibrium in Antarctica. The dominant fungal division on the continent is Ascomycota (77.1%), and not Basidiomycota (9.1%), as it is the case on other continents. For a number of reasons, yeasts and yeast-like micromycetes (mainly basidiomycetes) are more tolerant to extreme conditions in various Antarctic biotopes than filamentous fungi. Substantial evidence suggests that filamentous fungi and yeasts are better adapted to existence in ecosystems with extremely low temperatures than other microorganisms. Due to the long-term isolation of Antarctica from other continents, local biota has been evolving largely independently, which led to emergence of multiple endemic fungal taxa. The presence of eurytopes on the continent is presumably related to the global warming and growing anthropogenic pressure. This review discusses the current state of research on the structure of fungal communities of Antarctic subaerial and subaquatic biotopes, the ecological role of yeast-mycelial dimorphism in Antarctic fungi, the problem of endemism of Antarctic mycobiota, as well as the ecological and physiological adaptations of fungi to low temperatures; it also justifies the relevance of research into secondary metabolites of psychrophilic micromycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Nikitin
- Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, 119017, Moscow, Russia.
- Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119017, Moscow, Russia.
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Nikitin DA, Sadykova VS, Kuvarina AE, Dakh AG, Biryukov MV. Enzymatic and Antimicrobial Activities in Polar Strains of Microscopic Soil Fungi. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2022; 507:380-393. [PMID: 36781534 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496622060151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Potential to produce inducible enzymes (several hydrolases and oxidases) and antibiotics as secondary metabolites was studied in soil micromycete strains from the Arctic (Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya) and Antarctica (the oases Thala Hills, Larsemann Hills, Schirmacher, and Marie Byrd Land). Maximal esterase activity was observed in strains of two typical Antarctic species, Hyphozyma variabilis 218 and Thelebolus ellipsoideus 210 (51 and 29 nmol FDA/((g mycelium h), respectively). Cellulolytic activity was maximal (89 µmol glucose/mg biomass) in Ascochyta pisi 192. Extracellular phenol oxidase (laccase) and peroxidase activities were not detected in the strains examined. Antibacterial activity toward Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 was observed in 75% of the Antarctic micromycete strains. Higher-activity strains were isolated from organic-rich moist habitats with a moss or lichen cover. Maximal activities were displayed by Paecilomyces marquandii 166, Penicillium janczewskii 165, Penicillium roseopurpureum 169, and Thelebolus ellipsoideus 210. Antagonistic activity toward Antarctic bacterial strains was shown by 77% of the microfungal strains examined. Maximal inhibition was observed with strains of the typical Antarctic species Antarctomyces psychrotrophicus MT303855 and the eurytopic species Sarocladium kiliense MT303856. Antimycotic activity was observed in 42% of the strains. Both activities were detected in 38% of the Antarctic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V S Sadykova
- Gauze Institute of New Antibiotics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. .,Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - A E Kuvarina
- Gauze Institute of New Antibiotics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A G Dakh
- Gauze Institute of New Antibiotics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Yarzábal LA. Perspectives for using glacial and periglacial microorganisms for plant growth promotion at low temperatures. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:3267-3278. [PMID: 32076773 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10468-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Even though they are among the most extreme environments in which life can develop, glaciers are colonized by metabolically active microbes, some of which thrive-in their own particular way-under the prevailing harsh conditions. Glacial or periglacial microbes are often psychrophiles since they are able to grow optimally at low temperatures. This ability has evolved through a series of adaptations, both molecular and physiological, some of which have been exploited by the biotechnological industry to develop useful products and processes. The recent discovery of cold-adapted plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM) in glacial ice or periglacial soils has opened a gate to a new trove of applications due to their potential use as biofertilizers or biocontrol agents, effective in cold climates. It has been claimed that this would be of profit to increase agriculture productivity in hilly terrains, like those prevailing in the Andes or the Himalayas, since-in addition to their ability to promote plant growth through direct or indirect mechanisms-they represent an environmentally friendly alternative to the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. In the following chapter, I summarize the current knowledge on the identity and characteristics of such PGPM and highlight the experiences in promoting the growth of a few plant species, at low temperatures.Key Points•Countless microbes are immured in glaciers and their surroundings.•Many glacial and periglacial microbes are cold-loving (i.e., psychrophiles).•Some glacial and periglacial psychrophiles promote plant growth and development.•Plant growth-promoting psychrophiles can be used to develop biofertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Andrés Yarzábal
- Carrera de Bioquímica y Farmacia, Unidad de Salud y Bienestar, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Av. Las Américas y Calle Humboldt, Cuenca, Ecuador. .,Centro de Investigación, Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología (CIITT), Universidad Católica de Cuenca. Campus Miracielos, Ricaurte, Ecuador.
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Kim CH, Lee DW, Heo YM, Lee H, Yoo Y, Kim GH, Kim JJ. Desorption and solubilization of anthracene by a rhamnolipid biosurfactant from Rhodococcus fascians. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2019; 91:739-747. [PMID: 30874337 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The rhamnolipid biosurfactant-producing bacterium, strain SDRB-G7, was isolated from the sediment of Sindu-ri beach and identified as Rhodococcus fascians based on a phylogenetic analysis. Optimal activity, with the highest yield (2.441 g/L) and surface tension-reducing activity (24.38 mN/m), was observed when the cells were grown on olive oil as their sole source of carbon at pH 8.0. The rhamnolipid biosurfactant showed environmental stability at a variety of NaCl concentrations (2-20%) and pH values (2-12) even under acidic conditions. Of the initial anthracene, 66% was solubilized by 100% crude biosurfactant. Furthermore, 100% crude biosurfactant desorbed 81% of the anthracene in sediment into the aqueous phase. These results suggest that the rhamnolipid biosurfactant produced from R. fascians SDRB-G7 is a promising candidate for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) removal from the sediment and can be an effective agent for processes that bioremediate PAHs such as surfactant-enhanced remediation. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Biosurfactants can accelerate desorption of PAHs and improve their solubility. BS-producing R. fascians SDRB-G7 was selected by screening of biochemical tests. Solubility of anthracene was enhanced by rhamnolipid produced by strain SDRB-G7. Microbial surfactant is a promising alternative for bioremediation of PAH-polluted sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Hwan Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Wan Lee
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Mok Heo
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hanbyul Lee
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeonjae Yoo
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyu-Hyeok Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Pudasaini S, Wilson J, Ji M, van Dorst J, Snape I, Palmer AS, Burns BP, Ferrari BC. Microbial Diversity of Browning Peninsula, Eastern Antarctica Revealed Using Molecular and Cultivation Methods. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:591. [PMID: 28439263 PMCID: PMC5383709 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Browning Peninsula is an ice-free polar desert situated in the Windmill Islands, Eastern Antarctica. The entire site is described as a barren landscape, comprised of frost boils with soils dominated by microbial life. In this study, we explored the microbial diversity and edaphic drivers of community structure across this site using traditional cultivation methods, a novel approach the soil substrate membrane system (SSMS), and culture-independent 454-tag pyrosequencing. The measured soil environmental and microphysical factors of chlorine, phosphate, aspect and elevation were found to be significant drivers of the bacterial community, while none of the soil parameters analyzed were significantly correlated to the fungal community. Overall, Browning Peninsula soil harbored a distinctive microbial community in comparison to other Antarctic soils comprised of a unique bacterial diversity and extremely limited fungal diversity. Tag pyrosequencing data revealed the bacterial community to be dominated by Actinobacteria (36%), followed by Chloroflexi (18%), Cyanobacteria (14%), and Proteobacteria (10%). For fungi, Ascomycota (97%) dominated the soil microbiome, followed by Basidiomycota. As expected the diversity recovered from culture-based techniques was lower than that detected using tag sequencing. However, in the SSMS enrichments, that mimic the natural conditions for cultivating oligophilic “k-selected” bacteria, a larger proportion of rare bacterial taxa (15%), such as Blastococcus, Devosia, Herbaspirillum, Propionibacterium and Methylocella and fungal (11%) taxa, such as Nigrospora, Exophiala, Hortaea, and Penidiella were recovered at the genus level. At phylum level, a comparison of OTU's showed that the SSMS shared 21% of Acidobacteria, 11% of Actinobacteria and 10% of Proteobacteria OTU's with soil. For fungi, the shared OTUs was 4% (Basidiomycota) and <0.5% (Ascomycota). This was the first known attempt to culture microfungi using the SSMS which resulted in an increase in diversity from 14 to 57 microfungi OTUs compared to standard cultivation. Furthermore, the SSMS offers the opportunity to retrieve a greater diversity of bacterial and fungal taxa for future exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Pudasaini
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South WalesKensington, NSW, Australia
| | - John Wilson
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South WalesKensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Mukan Ji
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South WalesKensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Josie van Dorst
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South WalesKensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian Snape
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and CommunitiesKingston, TAS, Australia
| | - Anne S Palmer
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and CommunitiesKingston, TAS, Australia
| | - Brendan P Burns
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South WalesKensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Belinda C Ferrari
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South WalesKensington, NSW, Australia
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Bioprospecting for extracellular enzymes from culturable Actinobacteria from the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Polar Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-016-1977-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Hemala L, Zhang D, Margesin R. Cold-active antibacterial and antifungal activities and antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from an alpine hydrocarbon-contaminated industrial site. Res Microbiol 2014; 165:447-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2014.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Gesheva V, Vasileva-Tonkova E. Production of enzymes and antimicrobial compounds by halophilic Antarctic Nocardioides sp. grown on different carbon sources. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 28:2069-76. [PMID: 22806028 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrated the potential of microbial isolates from Antarctic soils to produce hydrolytic enzymes by using specific substrates. The results revealed potential of the strains to produce a broad spectrum of hydrolytic enzymes. Strain A-1 isolated from soil samples in Casey Station, Wilkes Land, was identified as Nocardioides sp. on the basis of morphological, biochemical, physiological observations and also chemotaxonomy analysis. Enzymatic and antimicrobial activities of the cell-free supernatants were explored after growth of strain A-1 in mineral salts medium supplemented with different carbon sources. It was found that the carbon sources favored the production of a broad spectrum of enzymes as well as compounds with antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, especially Staphylococcus aureus and Xanthomonas oryzae. Preliminary analysis showed that the compounds with antimicrobial activity produced by the strain A-1 are mainly glycolipids and/or lipopeptides depending on the used carbon source. The results revealed a great potential of the Antarctic Nocardioides sp. strain A-1 for biotechnological, biopharmaceutical and biocontrol applications as a source of industrially important enzymes and antimicrobial/antifungal compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Gesheva
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Psychrotrophic microorganism communities in soils of Haswell Island, Antarctica, and their biosynthetic potential. Polar Biol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-011-1052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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