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Kreuter S, Holzmann M, Holdsworth DG, Motoc R, Pavel AB. Three new species of Gromia (Protista, Rhizaria) identified from the Romanian Black Sea shelf. Eur J Protistol 2023; 90:126004. [PMID: 37459806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2023.126004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The protist genus Gromia was first described in 1835 by Dujardin and while gromiids are prominent in the marine environment, Gromia oviformis was, for a long time, the only valid species regularly recorded. To date, 16 species that are morphologically and/or genetically distinct have been described. While recent studies are documenting their diversity and their ecological importance, G. oviformis has been the sole gromiid species identified in the Black Sea, although unnamed Gromia species have also been recorded. We collected sediment samples from the Romanian continental shelf at varying depths (48 - 58 m) to study the morphological and genetic diversity of gromiids in this part of the Black Sea. Three new species, Gromia bugnae sp. nov., Gromia dianae sp. nov. and Gromia fabi sp. nov., were identified based on an integrative taxonomic approach, thus bringing the total described gromiid species to 19. Analysis of partial SSU rRNA gene sequences confirms that these are distinct species. Additionally, an undescribed species is represented by a sequence from the northern part of the Black Sea (Sevastopol, Kazachya Bay). The study provides further evidence of the diversity of gromiids in the Black Sea and underlines the importance of this little-known group in marginal seas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Kreuter
- National Institute of Marine Geology and Geo-Ecology - GeoEcoMar, 23-25 Dimitrie Onciul St., 024053 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Holzmann
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Diana Grace Holdsworth
- National Institute of Marine Geology and Geo-Ecology - GeoEcoMar, 23-25 Dimitrie Onciul St., 024053 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Rozalia Motoc
- Grigore Antipa National Museum of Natural History, Sos. Kiseleff No. 1, Bucharest 011341, Romania
| | - Ana Bianca Pavel
- National Institute of Marine Geology and Geo-Ecology - GeoEcoMar, 23-25 Dimitrie Onciul St., 024053 Bucharest, Romania.
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Gooday AJ, Holzmann M, Majewski W, Pawlowski J. New species of Gromia (Protista, Rhizaria) from South Georgia and the Falkland Islands. Polar Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-022-03017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Gooday AJ, Holzmann M, Goetz E, Cedhagen T, Korsun S, Pawlowski J. Three new species of Gromia (Protista, Rhizaria) from western Greenland fjords. Polar Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-021-02858-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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New records of soft‐shelled monothalamous Foraminifera and gromiids on the Romanian Black Sea shelf. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00708-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hou F, Zhang H, Xie W, Zhou X, Zhu X, Zhang D. Co-occurrence patterns and assembly processes of microeukaryotic communities in an early-spring diatom bloom. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 711:134624. [PMID: 31818596 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The interaction and assembly processes of microeukaryotic community compositions (MECs) are rarely elucidated in environment with strong disturbance such as harmful algal blooms. To fill this gap, we analyzed changes of MECs induced by a diatom bloom using 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The MECs were mainly dominated by Cercozoa (average relative abundance, 49.2%), Diatom (25.5%) and Dinoflagellata (15.6%). MECs changed significantly (ANOSIM P < 0.01) in four-bloom stages. Environmental factors including pH, DO, nitrate and phosphate, together with bacterial communities could significantly influence the variation of MECs. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed a complex interaction between microeukaryotic and bacterial communities. Most OTUs in modules of the co-occurrence network were specific to one particular bloom stage. Phylogenetic based β-nearest taxon distance analyses revealed that stochastic processes mainly dominated microeukaryotic community assembly in the initial and after-bloom stage. However, microeukaryotic community assembly in middle and late stage of the bloom were driven by deterministic processes. In conclusion, both stochastic and deterministic processes play important roles in distinct bloom stages. These findings may expand current understandings of assembly mechanisms and microbial interactions underlying microeukaryotic dynamics in eutrophic aquatic ecosystems where harmful algal blooms occurred frequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanrong Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Huajun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Weijuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Environmental Monitoring Center of Ningbo, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhu
- Environmental Monitoring Center of Ningbo, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Demin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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Høgslund S, Cedhagen T, Bowser SS, Risgaard-Petersen N. Sinks and Sources of Intracellular Nitrate in Gromiids. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:617. [PMID: 28473806 PMCID: PMC5397464 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A substantial nitrate pool is stored within living cells in various benthic marine environments. The fate of this bioavailable nitrogen differs according to the organisms managing the intracellular nitrate (ICN). While some light has been shed on the nitrate carried by diatoms and foraminiferans, no study has so far followed the nitrate kept by gromiids. Gromiids are large protists and their ICN concentration can exceed 1000x the ambient nitrate concentration. In the present study we investigated gromiids from diverse habitats and showed that they contained nitrate at concentrations ranging from 1 to 370 mM. We used 15N tracer techniques to investigate the source of this ICN, and found that it originated both from active nitrate uptake from the environment and from intracellular production, most likely through bacterial nitrification. Microsensor measurements showed that part of the ICN was denitrified to N2 when gromiids were exposed to anoxia. Denitrification seemed to be mediated by endobiotic bacteria because antibiotics inhibited denitrification activity. The active uptake of nitrate suggests that ICN plays a role in gromiid physiology and is not merely a consequence of the gromiid hosting a diverse bacterial community. Measurements of aerobic respiration rates and modeling of oxygen consumption by individual gromiid cells suggested that gromiids may occasionally turn anoxic by their own respiration activity and thus need strategies for coping with this self-inflicted anoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Høgslund
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark
| | - Tomas Cedhagen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark
| | - Samuel S Bowser
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, AlbanyNY, USA
| | - Nils Risgaard-Petersen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark.,Center for Geomicrobiology, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark
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Kamp A, Høgslund S, Risgaard-Petersen N, Stief P. Nitrate Storage and Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction by Eukaryotic Microbes. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1492. [PMID: 26734001 PMCID: PMC4686598 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbial nitrogen cycle is one of the most complex and environmentally important element cycles on Earth and has long been thought to be mediated exclusively by prokaryotic microbes. Rather recently, it was discovered that certain eukaryotic microbes are able to store nitrate intracellularly and use it for dissimilatory nitrate reduction in the absence of oxygen. The paradigm shift that this entailed is ecologically significant because the eukaryotes in question comprise global players like diatoms, foraminifers, and fungi. This review article provides an unprecedented overview of nitrate storage and dissimilatory nitrate reduction by diverse marine eukaryotes placed into an eco-physiological context. The advantage of intracellular nitrate storage for anaerobic energy conservation in oxygen-depleted habitats is explained and the life style enabled by this metabolic trait is described. A first compilation of intracellular nitrate inventories in various marine sediments is presented, indicating that intracellular nitrate pools vastly exceed porewater nitrate pools. The relative contribution by foraminifers to total sedimentary denitrification is estimated for different marine settings, suggesting that eukaryotes may rival prokaryotes in terms of dissimilatory nitrate reduction. Finally, this review article sketches some evolutionary perspectives of eukaryotic nitrate metabolism and identifies open questions that need to be addressed in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Kamp
- AIAS, Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Signe Høgslund
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Peter Stief
- Department of Biology, Nordic Center for Earth Evolution, University of Southern Denmark Odense, Denmark
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Sergeeva NG, Gooday AJ, Mazlumyan SA, Kolesnikova EA, Lichtschlag A, Kosheleva TN, Anikeeva OV. Meiobenthos of the Oxic/Anoxic Interface in the Southwestern Region of the Black Sea: Abundance and Taxonomic Composition. CELLULAR ORIGIN, LIFE IN EXTREME HABITATS AND ASTROBIOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-1896-8_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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