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Albert C, Moe B, Strøm H, Grémillet D, Brault-Favrou M, Tarroux A, Descamps S, Bråthen VS, Merkel B, Åström J, Amélineau F, Angelier F, Anker-Nilssen T, Chastel O, Christensen-Dalsgaard S, Danielsen J, Elliott K, Erikstad KE, Ezhov A, Fauchald P, Gabrielsen GW, Gavrilo M, Hanssen SA, Helgason HH, Johansen MK, Kolbeinsson Y, Krasnov Y, Langset M, Lemaire J, Lorentsen SH, Olsen B, Patterson A, Plumejeaud-Perreau C, Reiertsen TK, Systad GH, Thompson PM, Lindberg Thórarinsson T, Bustamante P, Fort J. Seabirds reveal mercury distribution across the North Atlantic. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315513121. [PMID: 38739784 PMCID: PMC11126949 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315513121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a heterogeneously distributed toxicant affecting wildlife and human health. Yet, the spatial distribution of Hg remains poorly documented, especially in food webs, even though this knowledge is essential to assess large-scale risk of toxicity for the biota and human populations. Here, we used seabirds to assess, at an unprecedented population and geographic magnitude and high resolution, the spatial distribution of Hg in North Atlantic marine food webs. To this end, we combined tracking data of 837 seabirds from seven different species and 27 breeding colonies located across the North Atlantic and Atlantic Arctic together with Hg analyses in feathers representing individual seabird contamination based on their winter distribution. Our results highlight an east-west gradient in Hg concentrations with hot spots around southern Greenland and the east coast of Canada and a cold spot in the Barents and Kara Seas. We hypothesize that those gradients are influenced by eastern (Norwegian Atlantic Current and West Spitsbergen Current) and western (East Greenland Current) oceanic currents and melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet. By tracking spatial Hg contamination in marine ecosystems and through the identification of areas at risk of Hg toxicity, this study provides essential knowledge for international decisions about where the regulation of pollutants should be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Albert
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés, UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle17000, France
| | - Børge Moe
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim7034, Norway
| | - Hallvard Strøm
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø9296, Norway
| | - David Grémillet
- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR5175, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier34293, France
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch7701, South Africa
| | - Maud Brault-Favrou
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés, UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle17000, France
| | - Arnaud Tarroux
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Fram Centre, Tromsø9296, Norway
| | | | | | - Benjamin Merkel
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø9296, Norway
- Akvaplan-niva, Fram Centre, TromsøNO-9007, Norway
| | - Jens Åström
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim7034, Norway
| | - Françoise Amélineau
- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR5175, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier34293, France
| | - Frédéric Angelier
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372 CNRS La Rochelle Université, Villiers-en-Bois79360, France
| | | | - Olivier Chastel
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372 CNRS La Rochelle Université, Villiers-en-Bois79360, France
| | | | - Johannis Danielsen
- Seabird Ecology Department, Faroe Marine Research Institute, TórshavnFO-100, Faroe Islands
| | - Kyle Elliott
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste Anne-de-Bellevue, QCH9X 3V9, Canada
| | | | - Alexey Ezhov
- Murmansk Marine Biological Institute, Murmansk183010, Russia
| | - Per Fauchald
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Fram Centre, Tromsø9296, Norway
| | | | - Maria Gavrilo
- Association Maritime Heritage, Icebreaker “Krassin”, Saint-PetersburgRU–199106, Russia
- National Park Russian Arctic, ArchangelskRU-168000, Russia
| | - Sveinn Are Hanssen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Fram Centre, Tromsø9296, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Yuri Krasnov
- Murmansk Marine Biological Institute, Murmansk183010, Russia
| | | | - Jérémy Lemaire
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés, UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle17000, France
| | | | - Bergur Olsen
- Seabird Ecology Department, Faroe Marine Research Institute, TórshavnFO-100, Faroe Islands
| | - Allison Patterson
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste Anne-de-Bellevue, QCH9X 3V9, Canada
| | | | - Tone K. Reiertsen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Fram Centre, Tromsø9296, Norway
| | | | - Paul M. Thompson
- University of Aberdeen, School of Biological Sciences, Lighthouse Field Station, Ross-shire, CromartyIV11 8YJ, Scotland
| | | | - Paco Bustamante
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés, UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle17000, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris75005, France
| | - Jérôme Fort
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés, UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle17000, France
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Bustnes JO, Bårdsen BJ, Moe B, Herzke D, Ballesteros M, Fenstad A, Borgå K, Krogseth IS, Eulaers I, Skogeng LP, Gabrielsen GW, Hanssen SA. Impacts of a warming climate on concentrations of organochlorines in a fasting high arctic marine bird: Direct vs. indirect effects? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168096. [PMID: 37914131 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined how climate changes may impact the concentrations of lipophilic organochlorines (OCs) in the blood of fasting High Arctic common eiders (Somateria mollissima) during incubation. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p'-DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and four chlordane compounds (oxychlordane, trans-chlordane and trans- and cis-nonachlor) were measured in females at chick hatching (n = 223) over 11 years (2007-2017). Firstly, median HCB and p,p'-DDE concentrations increased ~75 % over the study period, whereas median chlordane concentrations doubled (except for oxychlordane). PCB concentrations, in contrast, remained stable over the study period. Secondly, both body mass and clutch size were negatively associated with OC levels, suggesting that females with high lipid metabolism redistributed more OCs from adipose tissue, and that egg production is an important elimination route for OCs. Thirdly, the direct climate effects were assessed using the mean effective temperature (ET: air temperature and wind speed) during incubation, and we hypothesized that a low ET would increase redistribution of OCs. Contrary to expectation, the ET was positively correlated to most OCs, suggesting that a warmer climate may lead to higher OCs levels, and that the impact of ET may not be direct. Finally, potential indirect impacts were examined using the Arctic Oscillation (AO) in the three preceding winters (AOwinter 1-3) as a proxy for potential long-range transport of OCs, and for local spring climate conditions. In addition, we used chlorophyll a (Chla) as a measure of spring primary production. There were negative associations between AOwinter 1 and HCB, trans-chlordane and trans-nonachlor, whereas oxychlordane and cis-chlordane were negatively associated with Chla. This suggests that potential indirect climate effects on eiders were manifested through the food chain and not through increased long-range transport, although these relationships were relatively weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Ove Bustnes
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, FRAM - High North Research Centre on Climate and the Environment, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Bård-Jørgen Bårdsen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, FRAM - High North Research Centre on Climate and the Environment, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Børge Moe
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. Box 5685, Torgarden, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Dorte Herzke
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, FRAM - High North Research Centre on Climate and the Environment, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway; UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Norway
| | - Manuel Ballesteros
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, FRAM - High North Research Centre on Climate and the Environment, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anette Fenstad
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Katrine Borgå
- University of Oslo, Section for Aquatic Biology and Toxicology, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingjerd S Krogseth
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, FRAM - High North Research Centre on Climate and the Environment, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway; UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Norway
| | - Igor Eulaers
- Norwegian Polar Institute, FRAM - High North Research Centre on Climate and the Environment, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lovise P Skogeng
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, FRAM - High North Research Centre on Climate and the Environment, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway; UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Norway
| | - Geir W Gabrielsen
- Norwegian Polar Institute, FRAM - High North Research Centre on Climate and the Environment, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sveinn-Are Hanssen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Sognsveien 68, NO-0855 Oslo, Norway
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Ejsmond A, Ejsmond MJ. Food resource uncertainty shapes the fitness consequences of early spring onset in capital and income breeding migratory birds. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9637. [PMID: 36568869 PMCID: PMC9771707 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to climate change, the timing of spring arrival and nesting onset in many migratory bird species have advanced. Earlier spring onsets prolong the available breeding period but can also deteriorate local conditions, leading to increased temporal variation in resource availability. This interaction between phenological shifts in nesting onset and short-term temporal variation in food gain has unknown consequences for fitness of migratory bird species. We model two contrasting breeding strategies to investigate the fitness consequences of stochastically fluctuating food gain and storing of energetic reserves for reproduction. The model was inspired by the biology of common eiders (Somateria mollissima), which store extensive reserves prior to egg laying and incubation (capital breeding strategy), and king eiders (S. spectabilis), which continue to forage during nesting (income breeding strategy). For capital breeders, foraging prior to breeding increases energy reserves and clutch size, but for both strategies, postponing nesting reduces the chances of recruitment. We found that in scenarios with early spring onset, the average number of recruits produced by capital breeders was higher under conditions of stochastic rather than deterministic food gain. This is because under highly variable daily food gain, individuals successful in obtaining food can produce large clutches early in the season. However, income breeders do not build up reserve buffers; consequently, their fitness is always reduced, when food availability fluctuates. For both modeled strategies, resource uncertainty had only a minor effect on the timing of nesting onset. Our work shows that the fitness consequences of global changes in breeding season onset depend on the level of uncertainty in food intake and the degree to which reserves are used to fuel the reproductive effort. We predict that among migratory bird species producing one clutch per year, capital breeders are more resilient to climate-induced changes in spring phenology than income breeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ejsmond
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of BergenBergenNorway,Research Centre SnæfellsnesUniversity of IcelandStykkishólmurIceland,Department of Arctic BiologyUniversity Centre in SvalbardLongyearbyenNorway
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Albert C, Strøm H, Helgason HH, Bråthen VS, Gudmundsson FT, Bustamante P, Fort J. Spatial variations in winter Hg contamination affect egg volume in an Arctic seabird, the great skua (Stercorarius skua). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120322. [PMID: 36202270 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the ecology and at-sea distribution of migratory species like seabirds has substantially increased over the last two decades. Furthermore, an increasing number of studies have recently focused on chemical contamination of birds over their annual cycle. However, the understanding of the combined effects of spatial movements and contamination on seabirds' life-history traits is still scarce. During winter, seabirds can use very different areas, at the large-scale. Such overwintering strategies and distribution may expose individuals to contrasting environmental stressors, including pollutants. Here, we studied the winter distribution and contamination with mercury (Hg), and their combined effects on reproduction, in a great skua (Stercorarius skua) population breeding in Bjørnøya, Svalbard. We confirmed that individuals of this specific population overwinter in three different areas of the North Atlantic, namely Africa, Europe and northwest Atlantic. The highest Hg concentrations in feathers were measured in great skuas wintering off Europe (Linear Mixed Models - mean value ± SD = 10.47 ± 3.59 μg g -1 dw), followed by skuas wintering in northwest Atlantic (8.42 ± 3.70) and off Africa (5.52 ± 1.83). Additionally, we found that female winter distribution and accumulated Hg affected the volume of their eggs (Linear Mixed Models), but not the number of laid and hatched eggs (Kruskal-Wallis tests). This study provides new insights on the contamination risks that seabirds might face according to their overwinter distribution and the possible associated carry-over effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Albert
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000, La Rochelle, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Hallvard Strøm
- Norwegian Polar Institute, FRAM - High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, PO Box 6606 Stakkevollan, NO-9296, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hálfdán Helgi Helgason
- Norwegian Polar Institute, FRAM - High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, PO Box 6606 Stakkevollan, NO-9296, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Vegard Sandøy Bråthen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research - NINA, PO Box 5685 Torgarden, NO-7485, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Fannar Theyr Gudmundsson
- Norwegian Polar Institute, FRAM - High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, PO Box 6606 Stakkevollan, NO-9296, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Paco Bustamante
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000, La Rochelle, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 Rue Descartes, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Fort
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000, La Rochelle, France
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Smith RA, Yurkowski DJ, Parkinson KJL, Fort J, Hennin HL, Gilchrist HG, Hobson KA, Mallory ML, Danielsen J, Garbus SE, Hanssen SA, Jónsson JE, Latty CJ, Magnúsdóttir E, Moe B, Parsons GJ, Sonne C, Tertitski G, Love OP. Environmental and life-history factors influence inter-colony multidimensional niche metrics of a breeding Arctic marine bird. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 796:148935. [PMID: 34274678 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Human industrialization has resulted in rapid climate change, leading to wide-scale environmental shifts. These shifts can modify food web dynamics by altering the abundance and distribution of primary producers (ice algae and phytoplankton), as well as animals at higher trophic levels. Methylmercury (MeHg) is a neuro-endocrine disrupting compound which biomagnifies in animals as a function of prey choice, and as such bioavailability is affected by altered food web dynamics and adds an important risk-based dimension in studies of foraging ecology. Multidimensional niche dynamics (MDND; δ13C, δ15N, THg; total mercury) were determined among breeding common eider (Somateria mollissima) ducks sampled from 10 breeding colonies distributed across the circumpolar Arctic and subarctic. Results showed high variation in MDND among colonies as indicated by niche size and ranges in δ13C, δ15N and THg values in relation to spatial differences in primary production inferred from sea-ice presence and colony migratory status. Colonies with higher sea-ice cover during the pre-incubation period had higher median colony THg, δ15N, and δ13C. Individuals at migratory colonies had relatively higher THg and δ15N, and lower δ13C, suggesting a higher trophic position and a greater reliance on phytoplankton-based prey. It was concluded that variation in MDND exists among eider colonies which influenced individual blood THg concentrations. Further exploration of spatial ecotoxicology and MDND at each individual site is important to examine the relationships between anthropogenic activities, foraging behaviour, and the related risks of contaminant exposure at even low, sub-lethal concentrations that may contribute to deleterious effects on population stability over time. Overall, multidimensional niche analysis that incorporates multiple isotopic and contaminant metrics could help identify those populations at risk to rapidly altered food web dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyd A Smith
- University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | | | | | - Jérôme Fort
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS - La Rochelle University, La Rochelle FR-17000, France
| | - Holly L Hennin
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K0A 1H0, Canada
| | - H Grant Gilchrist
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K0A 1H0, Canada
| | | | - Mark L Mallory
- cadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia B4P 2R6, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Jón Einar Jónsson
- University of Iceland's Research Centre at Snæfellsnes, Hafnargata 3, 340 Stykkishólmur, Iceland
| | - Christopher J Latty
- Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fairbanks, AK 99701, United States
| | - Ellen Magnúsdóttir
- University of Iceland's Research Centre at Snæfellsnes, Hafnargata 3, 340 Stykkishólmur, Iceland
| | - Børge Moe
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Tromsø N-9296, Norway
| | - Glen J Parsons
- Nova Scotia Department of Lands and Forestry, Kentville, Nova Scotia B4N 4E5, Canada
| | | | - Grigori Tertitski
- Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119017, Russia
| | - Oliver P Love
- University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
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Ejsmond A, Forchhammer M, Varpe Ø, Jónsson JE, Jørgensen C. Nesting Synchrony and Clutch Size in Migratory Birds: Capital versus Income Breeding Determines Responses to Variable Spring Onset. Am Nat 2021; 198:E122-E135. [PMID: 34559609 DOI: 10.1086/716064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSynchronous reproduction of birds has often been explained by benefits from nesting together, but this concept fails to explain observed intraspecific variation and climate-mediated changes of breeding synchrony. Here, we present a theoretical model of birds that store resources for reproduction (capital breeders) to show how breeding synchrony, clutch size, and offspring recruitment respond to changes in timing of first possible breeding date. Our approach is based on individual fitness maximization when both prebreeding foraging and offspring development are time constrained. The model predicts less synchronous breeding, smaller clutch size, and higher chances for offspring recruitment in capital breeding birds that advance their nesting. For contrast, we also show that birds that need to acquire resources during egg laying (income breeders) do not change nesting synchrony but increase clutch size along with earlier breeding. The prediction of stronger nesting synchronization of capital breeders in years with late nesting onset is confirmed by empirical data on breeding synchrony of a high-latitude capital breeding sea duck, the common eider (Somateria mollissima). We predict that in warming high-latitude ecosystems, bird species that depend on stored reserves for reproduction are expected to desynchronize their nesting.
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Inferring Movements and Staging Locations for Canvasbacks Using Light-Level Geolocators. JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.3996/jfwm-20-032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Understanding the geographic extent and timing of wildlife movements enables resource managers to inform habitat needs of target species efficiently and effectively. We use light-level geolocators—which enable researchers to estimate individual locations from light-level data—to build a more complete understanding of the geography and timing of migratory movements for canvasback Aythya valisineria in the Pacific Flyway. During the springs of 2015–2017, we placed 151 geolocators on canvasbacks using two alternative attachment methods (leg-band vs. nasal-saddle mounts) during spring migration (February–March) near Reno, Nevada. Eight of these geolocators (five males and three females) were successfully retrieved, representing 10 near-complete annual migration cycles (two geolocators contained data for two migration years). Eight of the 10 estimated spring canvasback migrations (five male and three female) ended at breeding sites in the Prairie Pothole Region of southern Canada and northern United States (often via stopover sites in Utah and Montana), whereas one male and one female migrated to breeding sites in Alaska. Notably, one female settled on nesting grounds in southern Saskatchewan and then in central Alaska in successive years. During spring migration, canvasbacks made an average of 3.3 ± 0.5 stopovers, with an average duration of 14.8 ± 2.2 d. Three canvasbacks made a distinct molt migration after breeding. For fall migration, canvasback made an average of 2.7 ± 0.3 stopovers, lasting an average of 12.3 ± 2.5 d, on their way to wintering sites in California's Central Valley and coastal regions near San Francisco Bay. Retrieval rate for nasal-saddle-mounted geolocators was significantly lower than leg band-mounted devices because of failure of nasal-saddle attachment. This study demonstrates the value of geolocators for assessing year-round habitat use for waterfowl species that have negative behavioral reactions to traditional backpack devices. This information complements standard band-recovery approaches and enables waterfowl managers to ensure that the spatial and temporal distributions of individuals are identified so that habitat conservation efforts can reflect the full annual habitat use cycle.
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Food chain, parasites and climate changes in the high Arctic: a case study on trophically transmitted parasites of common eider Somateria mollissima at Franz Josef Land. Polar Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-021-02881-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Karwinkel T, Pollet IL, Vardeh S, Kruckenberg H, Glazov P, Loshchagina J, Kondratyev A, Merkel B, Bellebaum J, Quillfeldt P. Year-round spatiotemporal distribution pattern of a threatened sea duck species breeding on Kolguev Island, south-eastern Barents Sea. BMC Ecol 2020; 20:31. [PMID: 32450835 PMCID: PMC7249297 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-020-00299-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The long-tailed duck (Clangula hyemalis) was categorized as ´Vulnerable` by the IUCN after a study revealed a rapid wintering population decline of 65% between 1992–1993 and 2007–2009 in the Baltic Sea. As knowledge about the European long-tailed duck’s life cycle and movement ecology is limited, we investigate its year-round spatiotemporal distribution patterns. Specifically, we aimed to identify the wintering grounds, timing of migration and staging of this population via light-level geolocation. Results Of the 48 female long-tailed ducks tagged on Kolguev Island (western Russian Arctic), 19 were recaptured to obtain data. After breeding and moulting at freshwater lakes, ducks went out to sea around Kolguev Island and to marine waters ranging from the White Sea to Novaya Zemlya Archipelago for 33 ± 10 days. After a rapid autumn migration, 18 of 19 birds spent their winter in the Baltic Sea and one bird in the White Sea, where they stayed for 212 ± 3 days. There, they used areas known to host long-tailed ducks, but areas differed among individuals. After a rapid spring migration in mid-May, the birds spent 23 ± 3 days at sea in coastal areas between the White Sea and Kolguev Island, before returning to their freshwater breeding habitats in June. Conclusions The Baltic Sea represents the most important wintering area for female long-tailed ducks from Kolguev Island. Important spring and autumn staging areas include the Barents Sea and the White Sea. Climate change will render these habitats more exposed to human impacts in the form of fisheries, marine traffic and oil exploitation in near future. Threats that now operate in the wintering areas may thus spread to the higher latitude staging areas and further increase the pressure on long-tailed ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiemo Karwinkel
- Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany. .,Institute of Avian Research "Vogelwarte Helgoland", An der Vogelwarte 21, 26386, Wilhelmshaven, Germany. .,Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Ingrid L Pollet
- Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sandra Vardeh
- Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Helmut Kruckenberg
- Institute for Waterbird and Wetlands Research (IWWR) e.V. Germany, Am Steigbügel 3, 27283, Verden (Aller), Germany
| | - Petr Glazov
- Institute of Geography RAS, Staromonetniy per 29, 119017, Moscow, Russia
| | - Julia Loshchagina
- Institute of Geography RAS, Staromonetniy per 29, 119017, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Kondratyev
- Institute of Biological Problems of the North FEB RAS, Portovaya str. 18, 685000, Magadan, Russia
| | - Benjamin Merkel
- Fram Centre, Norwegian Polar Institute, P.O. Box 6606, Langnes, 9296, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jochen Bellebaum
- Institute for Waterbird and Wetlands Research (IWWR) e.V. Germany, Am Steigbügel 3, 27283, Verden (Aller), Germany
| | - Petra Quillfeldt
- Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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St. John Glew K, Wanless S, Harris MP, Daunt F, Erikstad KE, Strøm H, Speakman JR, Kürten B, Trueman CN. Sympatric Atlantic puffins and razorbills show contrasting responses to adverse marine conditions during winter foraging within the North Sea. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2019; 7:33. [PMID: 31695919 PMCID: PMC6824136 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-019-0174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural environments are dynamic systems with conditions varying across years. Higher trophic level consumers may respond to changes in the distribution and quality of available prey by moving to locate new resources or by switching diets. In order to persist, sympatric species with similar ecological niches may show contrasting foraging responses to changes in environmental conditions. However, in marine environments this assertion remains largely untested for highly mobile predators outside the breeding season because of the challenges of quantifying foraging location and trophic position under contrasting conditions. METHOD Differences in overwinter survival rates of two populations of North Sea seabirds (Atlantic puffins (Fratercula arctica) and razorbills (Alca torda)) indicated that environmental conditions differed between 2007/08 (low survival and thus poor conditions) and 2014/15 (higher survival, favourable conditions). We used a combination of bird-borne data loggers and stable isotope analyses to test 1) whether these sympatric species showed consistent responses with respect to foraging location and trophic position to these contrasting winter conditions during periods when body and cheek feathers were being grown (moult) and 2) whether any observed changes in moult locations and diet could be related to the abundance and distribution of potential prey species of differing energetic quality. RESULTS Puffins and razorbills showed divergent foraging responses to contrasting winter conditions. Puffins foraging in the North Sea used broadly similar foraging locations during moult in both winters. However, puffin diet significantly differed, with a lower average trophic position in the winter characterised by lower survival rates. By contrast, razorbills' trophic position increased in the poor survival winter and the population foraged in more distant southerly waters of the North Sea. CONCLUSIONS Populations of North Sea puffins and razorbills showed contrasting foraging responses when environmental conditions, as indicated by overwinter survival differed. Conservation of mobile predators, many of which are in sharp decline, may benefit from dynamic spatial based management approaches focusing on behavioural changes in response to changing environmental conditions, particularly during life history stages associated with increased mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie St. John Glew
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, Southampton, SO143ZH UK
| | - Sarah Wanless
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, EH26 0QB UK
| | | | - Francis Daunt
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, EH26 0QB UK
| | - Kjell Einar Erikstad
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Fram Centre, N-9296 Tromsø, Norway
- Norwegian University of Science &Technology (NTNU), Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hallvard Strøm
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Postbox 6606, Langnes, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - John R. Speakman
- Institute of Genetics and developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Benjamin Kürten
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
- Present address: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Clive N. Trueman
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, Southampton, SO143ZH UK
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Bårdsen BJ, Hanssen SA, Bustnes JO. Multiple stressors: modeling the effect of pollution, climate, and predation on viability of a sub-arctic marine bird. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bård-Jørgen Bårdsen
- Arctic Ecology Department; Fram Centre; Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA); N-9296 Tromsø Norway
| | - Sveinn Are Hanssen
- Arctic Ecology Department; Fram Centre; Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA); N-9296 Tromsø Norway
| | - Jan Ove Bustnes
- Arctic Ecology Department; Fram Centre; Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA); N-9296 Tromsø Norway
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Mallory CD, Gilchrist HG, Robertson GJ, Provencher JF, Braune BM, Forbes MR, Mallory ML. Hepatic trace element concentrations of breeding female common eiders across a latitudinal gradient in the eastern Canadian Arctic. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 124:252-257. [PMID: 28739104 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We examined hepatic concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), rubidium (Rb), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) in 10 breeding female common eiders (Somateria mollissima) from each of three colonies across 20° of latitude. Levels of many elements were elevated in eiders, although generally below levels of toxicological concern. We found significant differences in concentrations of As, Rb, Hg, Mn and Se among colonies, but not in a consistent pattern with latitude, and Hg:Se molar ratios did not vary among colonies. Furthermore, overlap in element concentrations from birds at different colonies meant that we could not reliably differentiate birds from different colonies based on a suite of their hepatic trace element concentrations. We encourage other researchers to assess baseline trace element levels on this important, harvested species, as a means of tracking contamination of nearshore benthic environments in the circumpolar Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor D Mallory
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada.
| | - H Grant Gilchrist
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Gregory J Robertson
- Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 6 Bruce Street, Mount Pearl, Newfoundland and Labrador A1N 4T3, Canada
| | | | - Birgit M Braune
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Mark R Forbes
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Mark L Mallory
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia B4P 2R6, Canada
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Guéry L, Descamps S, Pradel R, Hanssen SA, Erikstad KE, Gabrielsen GW, Gilchrist HG, Bêty J. Hidden survival heterogeneity of three Common eider populations in response to climate fluctuations. J Anim Ecol 2017; 86:683-693. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Loreleï Guéry
- Département de Biologie Chimie et Géographie Université du Québec à Rimouski Rimouski QC Canada
- Centre d'études nordiques Université Laval Québec, QC Canada
| | | | - Roger Pradel
- CEFE UMR 5175 CNRS – Université de Montpellier – Université Paul‐Valéry Montpellier – EPHE Montpellier France
| | - Sveinn Are Hanssen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Arctic Ecology Department Fram Centre Tromsø Norway
| | - Kjell Einar Erikstad
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Arctic Ecology Department Fram Centre Tromsø Norway
- Department of Biology Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | | | | | - Joël Bêty
- Département de Biologie Chimie et Géographie Université du Québec à Rimouski Rimouski QC Canada
- Centre d'études nordiques Université Laval Québec, QC Canada
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