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Tebbe DA, Gruender C, Dlugosch L, Lõhmus K, Rolfes S, Könneke M, Chen Y, Engelen B, Schäfer H. Microbial drivers of DMSO reduction and DMS-dependent methanogenesis in saltmarsh sediments. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023; 17:2340-2351. [PMID: 37880542 PMCID: PMC10689795 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01539-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Saltmarshes are highly productive environments, exhibiting high abundances of organosulfur compounds. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is produced in large quantities by algae, plants, and bacteria and is a potential precursor for dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and dimethylsulfide (DMS). DMSO serves as electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration leading to DMS formation, which is either emitted or can be degraded by methylotrophic prokaryotes. Major products of these reactions are trace gases with positive (CO2, CH4) or negative (DMS) radiative forcing with contrasting effects on the global climate. Here, we investigated organic sulfur cycling in saltmarsh sediments and followed DMSO reduction in anoxic batch experiments. Compared to previous measurements from marine waters, DMSO concentrations in the saltmarsh sediments were up to ~300 fold higher. In batch experiments, DMSO was reduced to DMS and subsequently consumed with concomitant CH4 production. Changes in prokaryotic communities and DMSO reductase gene counts indicated a dominance of organisms containing the Dms-type DMSO reductases (e.g., Desulfobulbales, Enterobacterales). In contrast, when sulfate reduction was inhibited by molybdate, Tor-type DMSO reductases (e.g., Rhodobacterales) increased. Vibrionales increased in relative abundance in both treatments, and metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) affiliated to Vibrio had all genes encoding the subunits of DMSO reductases. Molar conversion ratios of <1.3 CH4 per added DMSO were accompanied by a predominance of the methylotrophic methanogens Methanosarcinales. Enrichment of mtsDH genes, encoding for DMS methyl transferases in metagenomes of batch incubations indicate their role in DMS-dependent methanogenesis. MAGs affiliated to Methanolobus carried the complete set of genes encoding for the enzymes in methylotrophic methanogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Alexander Tebbe
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | | | - Leon Dlugosch
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Kertu Lõhmus
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sönke Rolfes
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Martin Könneke
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Yin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
| | - Bert Engelen
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Schäfer
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
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Toda K, Obolkin V, Ohira SI, Saeki K. Abundant production of dimethylsulfoniopropionate as a cryoprotectant by freshwater phytoplanktonic dinoflagellates in ice-covered Lake Baikal. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1194. [PMID: 38001159 PMCID: PMC10674015 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoplanktonic dinoflagellates form colonies between vertical ice crystals during the ice-melting season in Lake Baikal, but how the plankton survive the freezing conditions is not known. Here we show that the phytoplankton produces large amounts of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), which is best-known as a marine compound. Lake-water DMSP concentrations in the spring season are comparable with those in the oceans, and colony water in ice exhibits extremely high concentrations. DMSP concentration of surface water correlates with plankton density and reaches a maximum in mid-April, with temperature-dependent fluctuations. DMSP is released from plankton cells into water in warm days. DMSP is a characteristic osmolyte of marine algae; our results demonstrate that freshwater plankton, Gymnodinium baicalense, has DMSP-producing ability, and efficiently uses the limited sulfur resource (only 1/500 of sea sulfate) to survive in freshwater ice. Plankton in Lake Baikal do not need an osmolyte, and our results clearly indicate that DMSP plays a cryoprotective role. DMSP, although a characteristic marine compound, could also be an important zwitterion for algae of other boreal lakes, alpine snow, and glaciers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Toda
- Department of Chemistry, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan.
- International Research Organization of Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, 2-39-1, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan.
| | - Vladimir Obolkin
- Laboratory of Hydrochemistry and Chemistry of the Atmosphere, Limnological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences Siberian Branch, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - Shin-Ichi Ohira
- Department of Chemistry, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
- International Research Organization of Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, 2-39-1, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Kentaro Saeki
- Department of Chemistry, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1, Senbaru Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
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Patel MK, Kumar M, Li W, Luo Y, Burritt DJ, Alkan N, Tran LSP. Enhancing Salt Tolerance of Plants: From Metabolic Reprogramming to Exogenous Chemical Treatments and Molecular Approaches. Cells 2020; 9:E2492. [PMID: 33212751 PMCID: PMC7697626 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants grow on soils that not only provide support for root anchorage but also act as a reservoir of water and nutrients important for plant growth and development. However, environmental factors, such as high salinity, hinder the uptake of nutrients and water from the soil and reduce the quality and productivity of plants. Under high salinity, plants attempt to maintain cellular homeostasis through the production of numerous stress-associated endogenous metabolites that can help mitigate the stress. Both primary and secondary metabolites can significantly contribute to survival and the maintenance of growth and development of plants on saline soils. Existing studies have suggested that seed/plant-priming with exogenous metabolites is a promising approach to increase crop tolerance to salt stress without manipulation of the genome. Recent advancements have also been made in genetic engineering of various metabolic genes involved in regulation of plant responses and protection of the cells during salinity, which have therefore resulted in many more basic and applied studies in both model and crop plants. In this review, we discuss the recent findings of metabolic reprogramming, exogenous treatments with metabolites and genetic engineering of metabolic genes for the improvement of plant salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Patel
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel;
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel;
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China;
- Joint International Laboratory for Multi-Omics Research, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yin Luo
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
| | - David J. Burritt
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand;
| | - Noam Alkan
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel;
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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