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Moya F, Hernández J, Suazo MJ, Saucède T, Brickle P, Poulin E, Benítez HA. Deciphering the Hearts: Geometric Morphometrics Reveals Shape Variation in Abatus Sea Urchins across Subantarctic and Antarctic Seas. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2376. [PMID: 39199909 PMCID: PMC11350873 DOI: 10.3390/ani14162376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Abatus is a genus of irregular brooding sea urchins to the Southern Ocean. Among the 11 described species, three shared morphological traits and present an infaunal lifestyle in the infralittoral from the Subantarctic province; A. cavernosus in Patagonia, A. cordatus in Kerguelen, and A. agassizii in Tierra del Fuego and South Shetlands. The systematic of Abatus, based on morphological characters and incomplete phylogenies, is complex and largely unresolved. This study evaluates the shape variation among these species using geometric morphometrics analysis (GM). For this, 72 individuals from four locations; South Shetlands, Kerguelen, Patagonia, and Falklands/Malvinas were photographed, and 37 landmarks were digitized. To evaluate the shape differences among species, a principal component analysis and a Procrustes ANOVA were performed. Our results showed a marked difference between the Falklands/Malvinas and the other localities, characterized by a narrower and more elongated shape and a significant influence of location in shape but not sex. Additionally, the effect of allometry was evaluated using a permutation test and a regression between shape and size, showing significant shape changes during growth in all groups. The possibility that the Falklands/Malvinas group shows phenotypic plasticity or represents a distinct evolutionary unit is discussed. Finally, GM proved to be a powerful tool to differentiate these species, highlighting its utility in systematic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Moya
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago 7800003, Chile (E.P.)
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Jordan Hernández
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago 7800003, Chile (E.P.)
- Laboratorio de Ecología y Morfometría Evolutiva, Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Salud Ecosistémica, Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile
- Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Centro Universitario Cabo de Hornos, Universidad de Magallanes, Puerto Williams 6350000, Chile
| | - Manuel J. Suazo
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Casilla 7D, Arica 1010069, Chile
| | - Thomas Saucède
- Biogeosciences UMR 6282 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, EPHE, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Paul Brickle
- South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute, Falkland Islands, Port Stanley FIQQ 1ZZ, UK
| | - Elie Poulin
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago 7800003, Chile (E.P.)
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Hugo A. Benítez
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago 7800003, Chile (E.P.)
- Laboratorio de Ecología y Morfometría Evolutiva, Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile
- Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Centro Universitario Cabo de Hornos, Universidad de Magallanes, Puerto Williams 6350000, Chile
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Galli G, Morigi C, Thuy B, Gariboldi K. Late Holocene echinoderm assemblages can serve as paleoenvironmental tracers in an Antarctic fjord. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15300. [PMID: 38961160 PMCID: PMC11222549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66151-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
High Latitude fjords can serve as sediment trap, bearing different type of proxies, from geochemical to micropaleontological ones, making them exceptional tools for paleoenvironmental reconstruction. However, some unconventional proxies can be present and can be used to depict a comprehensive and exhaustive interpretation of past changes. Here, studying a sediment core in Edisto Inlet (Ross Sea, Antarctica) we used irregular echinoid spines and ophiuroids (Ophionotus victoriae) ossicles to trace environmental changes throughout the last 3.6 kyrs BP. Irregular echinoids can serve as proxy for the organic matter content, while O. victoriae ossicles can be used as proxy for steady sea-ice cycle along with organic deposition events. O. victoriae release a high number of ossicles, making estimation about the population quite challenging; still, presence data, can be easily collected. By applying Generative Additive Models to the stratigraphical distribution of these data, we detected an environmental phase that was previously unnoticed by other traditional proxies: the Ophiuroid Optimum (2-1.5 kyrs BP). In conclusion, here we demonstrate how echinoderm presence can be used as a valuable source of information, while proving the potential of modelling binary data to detect long-term trend in Holocene stratigraphical records.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Galli
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy.
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Santa Maria 53, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Caterina Morigi
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Santa Maria 53, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ben Thuy
- Department of Paleontology, Natural History Museum Luxembourg, 25 rue Münster, 2160, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Karen Gariboldi
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Santa Maria 53, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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Guillaumot C, Belmaker J, Buba Y, Fourcy D, Dubois P, Danis B, Le Moan E, Saucède T. Classic or hybrid? The performance of next generation ecological models to study the response of Southern Ocean species to changing environmental conditions. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Charlène Guillaumot
- Marine Biology Lab Université Libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgium
- Biogéosciences, UMR 6282 CNRS Université Bourgogne Franche‐Comté Dijon France
| | - Jonathan Belmaker
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Yehezkel Buba
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Damien Fourcy
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health, INRAE Rennes France
| | - Philippe Dubois
- Marine Biology Lab Université Libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgium
| | - Bruno Danis
- Marine Biology Lab Université Libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgium
| | - Eline Le Moan
- Biogéosciences, UMR 6282 CNRS Université Bourgogne Franche‐Comté Dijon France
| | - Thomas Saucède
- Biogéosciences, UMR 6282 CNRS Université Bourgogne Franche‐Comté Dijon France
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