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Saidu AM, Garba I, Abba M, Yahuza MA, Yusuf L, Tahir NM, Garko SS. Evaluation of image quality and radiation dose in computed tomography urography following tube voltage optimisation. Radiography (Lond) 2024; 30:301-307. [PMID: 38071938 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2023.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Computed tomography urography (CTU) comprehensively evaluates the urinary tract. However, the procedure is associated with a high radiation dose due to multiple scan series and therefore requires optimisation. The study performed CTU protocol optimisation based on a reduction in tube voltage (kV) using quality assurance (QA) phantom and clinical images and evaluated image quality and radiation dose. METHODS The study was prospectively conducted on patients referred for CTU. The patients were grouped into A and B and were scanned with the standard protocol, a protocol used for the routine CTU at the CT centre before optimisation, and optimised protocol, a protocol with reduced kV respectively. The protocols were first tried on a quality assurance (QA) phantom before being applied to patients, and image quality was assessed based on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). In addition, the clinical images were assessed based on the visibility of the anatomical criteria for CT images by five observers with >5 years of experience. The data were analysed using both visual grading characteristic (VGC) curves and statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. RESULTS The dose was significantly lower in the optimised protocol with a 10 % reduction in both volume computed tomography dose index and (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) for the phantom images, and a 26 % reduction in CTDIvol and 28 % in DLP for the clinical images. However, there was no significant difference in image quality noted between the standard and optimised protocols based on the quantitative and qualitative image quality evaluation using both the QA phantom and clinical images. CONCLUSION The findings revealed a significant dose reduction in the optimised protocol. Further, image quality in standard and optimised protocols did not differ significantly based on quantitative and qualitative methods. IMPLICATION FOR PRACTICE kV optimisation in contrast-enhanced procedures provides dose reduction and should be encouraged in the medical imaging departments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Saidu
- Department of Medical Radiography, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria
| | - I Garba
- Department of Medical Radiography, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria.
| | - M Abba
- Department of Medical Radiography, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria
| | - M A Yahuza
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria
| | - L Yusuf
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria
| | - N M Tahir
- Radiology Department, Orthopaedic Hospital, Dala, Kano State Nigeria
| | - S S Garko
- Radiology Department, Orthopaedic Hospital, Dala, Kano State Nigeria
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Veldhoen S, Schöllchen M, Hanken H, Precht C, Henes FO, Schön G, Nagel HD, Schumacher U, Heiland M, Adam G, Regier M. Performance of cone-beam computed tomography and multidetector computed tomography in diagnostic imaging of the midface: A comparative study on Phantom and cadaver head scans. Eur Radiol 2016; 27:790-800. [PMID: 27169574 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-016-4387-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) regarding radiation, resolution, image noise, and image quality. METHODS CBCT and 256-MDCT were compared based on three scan protocols: Standard-dose (≈24 mGy), reduced-dose (≈9 mGy), and low-dose (≈4 mGy). MDCT images were acquired in standard- and high-resolution mode (HR-MDCT) and reconstructed using filtered back projection (FBP) and iterative reconstruction (IR). Spatial resolution in linepairs (lp) and objective image noise (OIN) were assessed using dedicated phantoms. Image quality was assessed in scans of 25 cadaver heads using a Likert scale. RESULTS OIN was markedly higher in FBP-MDCT when compared to CBCT. IR lowered the OIN to comparable values in standard-mode MDCT only. CBCT provided a resolution of 13 lp/cm at standard-dose and 11 lp/cm at reduced-dose vs. 11 lp/cm and 10 lp/cm in HR-MDCT. Resolution of 10 lp/cm was observed for both devices using low-dose settings. Quality scores of MDCT and CBCT did not differ at standard-dose (CBCT, 3.4; MDCT, 3.3-3.5; p > 0.05). Using reduced- and low-dose protocols, CBCT was superior (reduced-dose, 3.2 vs. 2.8; low dose, 3.0 vs. 2.3; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Using the low-dose protocol, the assessed CBCT provided better objective and subjective image quality and equality in resolution. Similar image quality, but better resolution using CBCT was observed at higher exposure settings. KEY POINTS • The assessed CBCT device provided better image quality at lower doses. • Objective and subjective image quality were comparable using higher exposure settings. • CBCT showed superior spatial resolution in standard-dose and reduced-dose settings. • Modern noise-reducing tools are used in CBCT devices currently. • MDCT should be preferred for assessment of soft-tissue injuries and oncologic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Veldhoen
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Straße 6, D-97080, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Schöllchen
- Department of Oral- and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - H Hanken
- Department of Oral- and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Precht
- Department of Oral- and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - F O Henes
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Schön
- Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - H D Nagel
- Science and Technology for Radiology, Buchholz, Germany
| | - U Schumacher
- Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Heiland
- Department of Oral- and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Adam
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Regier
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
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Tracy CR, Kogan P, Gupta A, Gahan JC, Theckumparampil NPJ, Elsamra SE, Okunov Z, Sun S, Lall C, Lobko I, Landman J, Cadeddu JA, Kavoussi LR. Radiation Exposure During Percutaneous Ablation of Small Renal Masses: A Multi-Institutional Multimodality Analysis. J Endourol 2015; 29:1314-20. [PMID: 26102455 DOI: 10.1089/end.2015.0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the effective radiation dose during percutaneous cryoablation (CA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and characterize variables that may affect the individual dose. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effective radiation dose was determined by conversion of the dose-length product from CT scans performed during percutaneous CA or RFA for patients with solitary renal masses (<4 cm) at four academic centers. Radiation dose per case was compared between patients and institutions using multivariate and univariate analysis. Lifetime attributable risk of cancer was calculated for each institution and utilized to determine the number needed to harm for a range of ages at the time of exposure. RESULTS One hundred twenty-three patients met the inclusion criteria with a mean age of 71 years. Sixty-nine percent of patients were male, mean body-mass index (BMI) was 29.4, and mean tumor size was 2.2 cm. The mean effective radiation dose per ablation was 40 mSv (range 3.7-147). On multivariate analysis, only BMI and institution were associated with the radiation dose. No significant difference in radiation exposure was seen for RFA or CA procedures. CONCLUSIONS Radiation exposure during percutaneous ablation is similar to a multiphase CT scan. However, there is wide variability in individual treatment exposure, varying from 3.7 to 147 mSv, depending primarily on institution and BMI. Standardization of protocols is required to achieve as low as reasonably achievable levels of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Kogan
- 1 Department of Urology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Amit Gupta
- 1 Department of Urology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jeffrey C Gahan
- 2 Department of Urology, University Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas
| | | | | | - Zhamshid Okunov
- 4 Department of Urology, University of California-Irvine , Orange, California
| | - Shiliang Sun
- 5 Department of Radiology University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Chandana Lall
- 6 Department of Radiology, University of California-Irvine , Orange, California
| | - Igor Lobko
- 7 Department of Interventional Radiology, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine , Hempstead, New York
| | - Jaime Landman
- 4 Department of Urology, University of California-Irvine , Orange, California
| | - Jeffrey A Cadeddu
- 2 Department of Urology, University Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas
| | - Louis R Kavoussi
- 6 Department of Radiology, University of California-Irvine , Orange, California
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Oca Pernas R, Delgado Sánchez-Gracián C, Tardáguila de la Fuente G, Fernández del Valle A, Silva Priegue N, González Vázquez M, Trinidad López C. Comparison of image quality and radiation dose in computed tomography angiography of the peripheral arteries using tube voltage of 80kV versus 100kV. RADIOLOGIA 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Cook TS, Hilton S, Papanicolaou N. Perspectives on radiation dose in abdominal imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 38:1190-6. [PMID: 23979352 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-013-0028-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Reported instances of patients' overexposure to imaging-related radiation have spurred the radiology and medical physics communities to identify and develop methods for decreasing the amount of radiation used to achieve diagnostic-quality images. These initiatives include examining and optimizing conventional CT scanning parameters, introducing innovative scan protocols, and incorporating novel dose reduction technologies. The greatest challenge to effective dose reduction in the abdomen and pelvis remains patient size. Here, we review the state of the art in abdominopelvic CT in both adult and pediatric patients and describe some of our own efforts in dose reduction for these types of examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa S Cook
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 1 Silverstein, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA,
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Veldhoen S, Laqmani A, Derlin T, Karul M, Hammerle D, Buhk JH, Sehner S, Nagel HD, Chun F, Adam G, Regier M. 256-MDCT for evaluation of urolithiasis: iterative reconstruction allows for a significant reduction of the applied radiation dose while maintaining high subjective and objective image quality. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2014; 58:283-90. [PMID: 24581030 DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multidetector CT (MDCT) is the established imaging modality in diagnostics of urolithiasis. The aim of iterative reconstruction (IR) is to allow for a radiation dose reduction while maintaining high image quality. This study evaluates its performance in MDCT for assessment of urolithiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-two patients underwent non-contrast abdominal MDCT. Twenty-six patients were referred to MDCT under suspicion of urolithiasis, and examined using a dose-reduced scan protocol (RDCT). Twenty-six patients, who had undergone standard-dose MDCT, served as reference for radiation dose comparison. RDCT images were reconstructed using an IR system (iDose4™, Philips Healthcare, Cleveland, OH, USA). Objective image noise (OIN) was recorded and five radiologists rated the subjective image quality independently. Radiation parameters were derived from the scan protocols. RESULTS The CTDIvol could be reduced by 50% to 5.8 mGy (P < 0.0001). The same reduction was achieved for DLP and effective dose to 253 ± 27 mGy*cm (P < 0.0001) and 3.9 ± 0.4 mSv (P < 0.0001). IR led to a reduction of the OIN of up to 61% compared with classic filtered back projection (FBP) (P < 0.0001). The OIN declined with increasing IR levels. RDCT with FBP showed the lowest scores of subjective image quality (2.32 ± 0.04). Mean scores improved with increasing IR levels. iDose6 was rated with the best mean score (3.66 ± 0.04). CONCLUSION The evaluated IR-tool and protocol may be applied to achieve a considerable radiation dose reduction in MDCT for diagnostics of urolithiasis while maintaining a confident image quality. Best image quality, suitable for evaluation of the entire abdomen concerning differential diagnoses, was achieved with iDose6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Veldhoen
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Reddy K, Mohammed A, Reeve R, England R. Computed tomography urography 1: techniques and technology. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2013; 74:571-6. [DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2013.74.10.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Contrast-enhanced computed tomography urography has become possible because of the development of multidetector technology, which has evolved to try and increase its diagnostic efficacy and reduce the radiation exposure. This review highlights important aspects of computed tomography urography as an imaging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roland England
- Department of Urology, Kettering General Hospital, Kettering, Northants NN16 8UZ
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Oca Pernas R, Delgado Sánchez-Gracián C, Tardáguila de la Fuente G, Fernández Del Valle A, Silva Priegue N, González Vázquez M, Trinidad López C. Comparison of image quality and radiation dose in computed tomography angiography of the peripheral arteries using tube voltage of 80 kV versus 100 kV. RADIOLOGIA 2012; 56:541-7. [PMID: 23276715 DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the image quality and dose of radiation in two groups of patients undergoing CT angiography of the lower limbs, one with tube voltage of 80 kV and the other with tube voltage of 100 kV. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed CT angiography of the lower limbs in 60 patients with suspected peripheral arterial disease. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups; in one group, CT angiography was performed using a tube voltage of 80kV, whereas in the other it was performed using 100 kV. The remaining acquisition parameters were the same in both groups. The images were analyzed by quantifying vascular density (VD) and noise (N) and by calculating the quotients density/noise (QVDN) and contrast/noise (QCN). Two radiologists working independently evaluated the subjective quality of the images. We calculated the estimated effective dose (EED) based on the dose-length product (DLP). RESULTS In the group studied at 80 kV, VD was significantly higher (462.5 UH ± 95.6 vs. 372 UH ± 100.9; P<.001), QVDN was significantly higher (241.9 ± 48.1 vs. 194.3 ± 49.6; P<.001), and there were trends toward higher N (21.3 UH ± 13 vs. 16.3 UH ± 3.5; P=.098) and toward higher QCN (21.4 ± 12.1 vs. 22.9 ± 9.1; P=.15). No significant differences were found in the subjective quality of the images. The EED was significantly lower in the group studied at 80 kV (4.73 mSv ± 1.1 vs. 9.6 mSv ± 2.2; P<.001). CONCLUSION Using 80 kV instead of 100 kV for CT angiography of the lower limbs reduces the dose of radiation without affecting the diagnostic efficacy of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Oca Pernas
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital POVISA, Vigo, Pontevedra, España.
| | | | | | | | - N Silva Priegue
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital POVISA, Vigo, Pontevedra, España
| | | | - C Trinidad López
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital POVISA, Vigo, Pontevedra, España
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How much dose can be saved in three-phase CT urography? A combination of normal-dose corticomedullary phase with low-dose unenhanced and excretory phases. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2012; 199:852-60. [PMID: 22997378 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.11.7209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree to which the total radiation dose for CT urography can be lowered by selective reduction of the dose in the unenhanced and excretory phases when images in these phases are systematically evaluated alongside normal-dose corticomedullary phase images. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Twenty-seven patients (mean age, 74±9 years) underwent single-bolus CT urography with acquisition in the unenhanced, corticomedullary, and 5-minute excretory phases. The scanning parameters for normal-dose CT urography were as follows: 16×0.75 mm, 120 kV, and automatic exposure control technique reference tube loads of 100, 120, and 100 effective mAs (mAseff). The patients also underwent low-dose unenhanced and excretory phase scanning, in which the dose was escalated stepwise from a volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) of 1.7 to 6.6 mGy (reference 20-40-60-80 mAseff). Images were analyzed for quality and diagnostic confidence. If low-dose scans of three patients were inadequate, the study continued to the next dose level. When 20 patients were successfully included in the unenhanced and excretory phase groups, the study ended. Doses were calculated with a CT patient dosimetry calculator. RESULTS Combined with the normal dose for corticomedullary phase scanning, doses of CTDIvol 1.5 mGy for the unenhanced phase and CTDIvol 2.7 mGy for the excretory phase were sufficient. The effective dose for three-phase CT urography was lowered from 16.2 to 9.4 mSv, a decrease of 42%. Diagnostic confidence in low-dose images was equal to that in normal-dose images when low-dose unenhanced and excretory phase images were read along-side normal-dose corticomedullary phase images. CONCLUSION With a three-phase CT urographic protocol, significant dose reductions in the unenhanced and excretory phases can be achieved when these phases are combined with a normal-dose corticomedullary phase.
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Sung MK, Singh S, Kalra MK. Current status of low dose multi-detector CT in the urinary tract. World J Radiol 2011; 3:256-65. [PMID: 22132296 PMCID: PMC3226959 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v3.i11.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past several years, advances in the technical domain of computed tomography (CT) have influenced the trend of imaging modalities used in the clinical evaluation of the urinary system. Renal collecting systems can be illustrated more precisely with the advent of multi-detector row CT through thinner slices, high speed acquisitions, and enhanced longitudinal spatial resolution resulting in improved reformatted coronal images. On the other hand, a significant increase in exposure to ionizing radiation, especially in the radiosensitive organs, such as the gonads, is a concern with the increased utilization of urinary tract CT. In this article, we discuss the strategies and techniques available for reducing radiation dose for a variety of urinary tract CT protocols with metabolic clinical examples. We also reviewed CT for hematuria evaluation and related scan parameter optimization such as, reducing the number of acquisition phases, CT angiography of renal donors and lowering tube potential, when possible.
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Hwang EC, Kim JS, Kim SO, Jung SI, Kang TW, Kwon DD, Park K, Ryu SB, Kim JW, Wan LJ. Accuracy and factors affecting the outcome of multi-detector computerized tomography urography for bladder tumors in the clinical setting. Korean J Urol 2011; 52:13-8. [PMID: 21344025 PMCID: PMC3037501 DOI: 10.4111/kju.2011.52.1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of multi-detector computerized tomography urography (MDCTU) for the detection of bladder tumors. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 143 patients who were scanned by use of 64-channel MDCTU and who underwent cystoscopy due to painless hematuria or a clinical suspicion of bladder tumor. We examined the accuracy of MDCTU for the detection of bladder tumors by comparing the results obtained by MDCTU with those obtained by cystoscopy. The associations between tumor characteristics, frequency of transurethral resection (TUR), and bladder volume and detectability of bladder tumors on MDCTU were also analyzed. Results Of 143 patients, 50 patients had a history of urothelial carcinomas. In these patients, the sensitivity and specificity of MDCTU were 60.0% and 80.0%, respectively. In 93 patients without previous urothelial carcinomas, the sensitivity and specificity of MDCTU were 86.7% and 96.8%, respectively. Falsely diagnosed cases had a smaller distended bladder volume (p=0.014) and a smaller tumor size (p=0.022) than did true diagnosed cases. The false-negative rate increased when the bladder tumor was located at the bladder neck. In the univariate analysis, the tumor location, size, frequency of TUR, bladder volume, and initial hematuria were associated with detectability by MDCTU (p<0.05). Conclusions To improve the accuracy of MDCTU for diagnosing bladder tumors, bladder filling is recommended. Thus, cystoscopy should be considered as a standard diagnostic tool for bladder tumors even in patients with normal MDCTU results, especially in the evaluation of recurrent, bladder neck-located, small, or sessile bladder tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eu Chang Hwang
- Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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12
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64-Slice CT urography: optimisation of radiation dose. Radiol Med 2011; 116:417-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s11547-011-0623-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Delineation of upper urinary tract segments at MDCT urography in patients with extra-urinary mass lesions: retrospective comparison of standard and low-dose protocols for the excretory phase of imaging. Eur Radiol 2010; 21:378-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-010-1935-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 06/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Heyer CM, Lemburg SP, Peters SA. Paediatric radiology and scientific contributions to radiation dose at the meeting of the German Radiological Society—An analysis of an 11-year period. Eur J Radiol 2010; 75:e135-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2010.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Silas
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Radiology and Abdominal Imaging, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to review the epidemiology, staging, and treatment of bladder cancer; to discuss the role of MDCT urography for the evaluation of patients with known or suspected bladder cancer; and to address the role of MDCT urography in patients who require follow-up imaging after a diagnosis of bladder cancer has been made. CONCLUSION MDCT urography now has a large role in the evaluation of patients with known and suspected bladder cancer. However, its precise role has not been established. Because many bladder neoplasms will not be detected by MDCT urography and more research is needed to determine the optimal technique for diagnosing bladder cancer, we think that MDCT urography cannot replace cystoscopy at present.
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Silverman SG, Leyendecker JR, Amis ES. What Is the Current Role of CT Urography and MR Urography in the Evaluation of the Urinary Tract? Radiology 2009; 250:309-23. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2502080534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Kamel EM, Rizzo E, Duchosal MA, Duran R, Goncalves-Matoso V, Schnyder P, Qanadli SD. Radiological profile of anemia on unenhanced MDCT of the thorax. Eur Radiol 2008; 18:1863-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-008-0950-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2007] [Revised: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 02/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Van Der Molen AJ, Cowan NC, Mueller-Lisse UG, Nolte-Ernsting CCA, Takahashi S, Cohan RH. CT urography: definition, indications and techniques. A guideline for clinical practice. Eur Radiol 2007; 18:4-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-007-0792-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2007] [Revised: 09/08/2007] [Accepted: 09/14/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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