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Faraco G, Brea D, Garcia-Bonilla L, Wang G, Racchumi G, Chang H, Buendia I, Santisteban MM, Segarra SG, Koizumi K, Sugiyama Y, Murphy M, Voss H, Anrather J, Iadecola C. Dietary salt promotes neurovascular and cognitive dysfunction through a gut-initiated TH17 response. Nat Neurosci 2018; 21:240-249. [PMID: 29335605 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-017-0059-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A diet rich in salt is linked to an increased risk of cerebrovascular diseases and dementia, but it remains unclear how dietary salt harms the brain. We report that, in mice, excess dietary salt suppresses resting cerebral blood flow and endothelial function, leading to cognitive impairment. The effect depends on expansion of TH17 cells in the small intestine, resulting in a marked increase in plasma interleukin-17 (IL-17). Circulating IL-17, in turn, promotes endothelial dysfunction and cognitive impairment by the Rho kinase-dependent inhibitory phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and reduced nitric oxide production in cerebral endothelial cells. The findings reveal a new gut-brain axis linking dietary habits to cognitive impairment through a gut-initiated adaptive immune response compromising brain function via circulating IL-17. Thus, the TH17 cell-IL-17 pathway is a putative target to counter the deleterious brain effects induced by dietary salt and other diseases associated with TH17 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Faraco
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Brea
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lidia Garcia-Bonilla
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gang Wang
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gianfranco Racchumi
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Haejoo Chang
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Izaskun Buendia
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Monica M Santisteban
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven G Segarra
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenzo Koizumi
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yukio Sugiyama
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Murphy
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Henning Voss
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Anrather
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Costantino Iadecola
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Wang L, Zheng L, Luo R, Zhao X, Han Z, Wang Y, Yang Y. A1H NMR-based metabonomic investigation of time-dependent metabolic trajectories in a high salt-induced hypertension rat model. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07215d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The time-dependent metabolic profiles in urine, plasma and feces of salt-fed hypertensive rats were systematically investigated using NMR-based metabonomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- School of Basic Courses
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Lingyun Zheng
- School of Basic Courses
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Ren Luo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Han
- School of Basic Courses
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yaling Wang
- School of Basic Courses
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yongxia Yang
- School of Basic Courses
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
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3
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Grabmaier U, Theiss HD, Keithahn A, Kreiner J, Brenner C, Huber B, von der Helm C, Gross L, Klingel K, Franz WM, Brunner S. The role of 1.5 tesla MRI and anesthetic regimen concerning cardiac analysis in mice with cardiomyopathy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94615. [PMID: 24747816 PMCID: PMC3991627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate assessment of left ventricular function in rodent models is essential for the evaluation of new therapeutic approaches for cardiac diseases. In our study, we provide new insights regarding the role of a 1.5 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device and different anesthetic regimens on data validity. As dedicated small animal MRI and echocardiographic devices are not broadly available, we evaluated whether monitoring cardiac function in small rodents with a clinical 1.5 T MRI device is feasible. On a clinical electrocardiogram (ECG) synchronized 1.5 T MRI scanner we therefore studied cardiac function parameters of mice with chronic virus-induced cardiomyopathy. Thus, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) could be verified compared to healthy controls. However, our results showed a high variability. First, anesthesia with medetomidine, midazolam and fentanyl (MMF) led to depressed cardiac function parameters and more variability than isoflurane gas inhalation anesthesia, especially at high concentrations. Furthermore, calculation of an average ejection fraction value from sequenced scans significantly reduced the variance of the results. To sum up, we introduce the clinical 1.5 T MRI device as a new tool for effective analysis of left ventricular function in mice with cardiomyopathy. Besides, we suggest isoflurane gas inhalation anesthesia at high concentrations for variance reduction and recommend calculation of an average ejection fraction value from multiple sequenced MRI scans to provide valid data and a solid basis for further clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Grabmaier
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans D. Theiss
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Keithahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Kreiner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Brenner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Bruno Huber
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Lisa Gross
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Klingel
- Department of Molecular Pathology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang-M. Franz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Brunner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
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Trotier AJ, Lefrançois W, Ribot EJ, Thiaudiere E, Franconi JM, Miraux S. Time-resolved TOF MR angiography in mice using a prospective 3D radial double golden angle approach. Magn Reson Med 2014; 73:984-94. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurelien J. Trotier
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536 CNRS/Université Bordeaux Segalen; Bordeaux Cedex France
| | - William Lefrançois
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536 CNRS/Université Bordeaux Segalen; Bordeaux Cedex France
| | - Emeline J. Ribot
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536 CNRS/Université Bordeaux Segalen; Bordeaux Cedex France
| | - Eric Thiaudiere
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536 CNRS/Université Bordeaux Segalen; Bordeaux Cedex France
| | - Jean-Michel Franconi
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536 CNRS/Université Bordeaux Segalen; Bordeaux Cedex France
| | - Sylvain Miraux
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536 CNRS/Université Bordeaux Segalen; Bordeaux Cedex France
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Wu J, Zhou YQ, Zou Y, Henkelman M. Evaluation of bi-ventricular coronary flow patterns using high-frequency ultrasound in mice with transverse aortic constriction. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2013; 39:2053-2065. [PMID: 23932279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Using high-frequency color and pulsed Doppler ultrasound, we evaluated the flow patterns of the left (LCA), septal (SCA) and right (RCA) coronary arteries in mice with and without transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Fifty-two male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to TAC or a corresponding sham operation. At 2 and 8 wk post-surgery, Doppler flow spectra from the three coronary arteries, together with morphologic and functional parameters of the left and right ventricles, were measured. Histology was performed to evaluate myocyte size and neo-angiogenesis in both ventricles. In sham-operated mice, the LCA and SCA both exhibited low-flow waveforms during systole and dominantly higher-flow waveforms during diastole. The RCA exhibited generally lower flow velocity, with similar systolic and diastolic waveforms. TAC significantly increased the systolic flow velocities of all coronary arteries, but enhanced the flow mainly in the LCA and SCA. In the left ventricle, coronary flow reserve was partially preserved 2 wk post-TAC, but decreased at 8 wk, consistent with changes in neo-angiogenesis and systolic function. In contrast, no significant change was found in the coronary flow reserve, structure or function of the right ventricle. This study has established a protocol for evaluating the flow pattern in three principal coronary arteries in mice using Doppler ultrasound and illustrated the difference among three vessels at baseline. In mice with TAC, the difference in the associating pattern of coronary flow dynamics with the myocardial structure and function between the left and right ventricles provides further insights into ventricular remodeling under pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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