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Tsili AC, Andriotis E, Gkeli MG, Krokidis M, Stasinopoulou M, Varkarakis IM, Moulopoulos LA. The role of imaging in the management of renal masses. Eur J Radiol 2021; 141:109777. [PMID: 34020173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2021.109777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The wide availability of cross-sectional imaging is responsible for the increased detection of small, usually asymptomatic renal masses. More than 50 % of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) represent incidental findings on noninvasive imaging. Multimodality imaging, including conventional US, contrast-enhanced US (CEUS), CT and multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) is pivotal in diagnosing and characterizing a renal mass, but also provides information regarding its prognosis, therapeutic management, and follow-up. In this review, imaging data for renal masses that urologists need for accurate treatment planning will be discussed. The role of US, CEUS, CT and mpMRI in the detection and characterization of renal masses, RCC staging and follow-up of surgically treated or untreated localized RCC will be presented. The role of percutaneous image-guided ablation in the management of RCC will be also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina C Tsili
- Department of Clinical Radiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Efthimios Andriotis
- Department of Newer Imaging Methods of Tomography, General Anti-Cancer Hospital Agios Savvas, 11522, Athens, Greece.
| | - Myrsini G Gkeli
- 1st Department of Radiology, General Anti-Cancer Hospital Agios Savvas, 11522, Athens, Greece.
| | - Miltiadis Krokidis
- 1st Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Areteion Hospital, 11528, Athens, Greece; Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Myrsini Stasinopoulou
- Department of Newer Imaging Methods of Tomography, General Anti-Cancer Hospital Agios Savvas, 11522, Athens, Greece.
| | - Ioannis M Varkarakis
- 2nd Department of Urology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sismanoglio Hospital, 15126, Athens, Greece.
| | - Lia-Angela Moulopoulos
- 1st Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Areteion Hospital, 11528, Athens, Greece.
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Hu K, Lian Y, Wang J, Li W, Yao Z, Liu B, Ren J. Management of bleeding associated with radiofrequency ablation of benign thyroid nodules. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520937526. [PMID: 32762479 PMCID: PMC7416147 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520937526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was performed to explore the effective management of bleeding
associated with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of benign thyroid nodules. Methods Thirty-five patients with benign thyroid nodules who were treated with
ultrasound-guided RFA from July 2015 to December 2016 at the Third
Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were retrospectively reviewed.
The technique efficacy, bleeding, and other complications were assessed
during the follow-up period. Results The mean technique efficacy was 55.6%±22.8% at 1 month and 24.1%±17.1% at 6
months after the procedure. One case of an intranodular haematoma and two
cases of voice change (>1 month) were observed. All patients recovered
with corresponding treatment. Conclusion Although the incidence of haemorrhage is low, serious haematomas are
life-threatening. Therefore, having a comprehensive understanding of the
potential complications, an accurate clinical strategy, and adequate
technical skills may prevent or help to properly manage these
complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Hu
- General Surgery Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufan Lian
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinfen Wang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenchao Li
- General Surgery Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhicheng Yao
- General Surgery Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Liu
- General Surgery Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Mauri G, Mistretta FA, Bonomo G, Camisassi N, Conti A, Della Vigna P, Ferro M, Luzzago S, Maiettini D, Musi G, Piacentini N, Varano GM, de Cobelli O, Orsi F. Long-Term Follow-Up Outcomes after Percutaneous US/CT-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation for cT1a-b Renal Masses: Experience from Single High-Volume Referral Center. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051183. [PMID: 32392792 PMCID: PMC7281086 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Image-guided thermal ablations are increasingly applied in the treatment of renal cancers, under the guidance of ultrasound (US) or computed tomography (CT). Sometimes, multiple ablations are needed. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term results in patients with renal mass treated with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with both US and CT, with a focus on the multiple ablations rate. 149 patients (median age 67 years) underwent RFA from January 2008 to June 2015. Median tumor diameter was 25 mm (IQR 17–32 mm). Median follow-up was 54 months (IQR 44–68). 27 (18.1%) patients received multiple successful ablations, due to incomplete ablation (10 patients), local tumor progression (8 patients), distant tumor progression (4 patients) or multiple tumor foci (5 patients), with a primary and secondary technical efficacy of 100%. Complications occurred in 13 (8.7%) patients (6 grade A, 5 grade C, 2 grade D). 24 patients died during follow-up, all for causes unrelated to renal cancer. In conclusion, thermal ablations with the guidance of US and CT are safe and effective in the treatment of renal tumors in the long-term period, with a low rate of patients requiring multiple treatments over the course of their disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Mauri
- Division of Interventional Radiology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (N.C.); (P.D.V.); (D.M.); (G.M.V.); (F.O.)
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesco Alessandro Mistretta
- Department of Urology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (F.A.M.); (A.C.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (G.M.); (N.P.)
| | - Guido Bonomo
- Division of Interventional Radiology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (N.C.); (P.D.V.); (D.M.); (G.M.V.); (F.O.)
| | - Nicola Camisassi
- Division of Interventional Radiology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (N.C.); (P.D.V.); (D.M.); (G.M.V.); (F.O.)
| | - Andrea Conti
- Department of Urology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (F.A.M.); (A.C.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (G.M.); (N.P.)
| | - Paolo Della Vigna
- Division of Interventional Radiology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (N.C.); (P.D.V.); (D.M.); (G.M.V.); (F.O.)
| | - Matteo Ferro
- Department of Urology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (F.A.M.); (A.C.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (G.M.); (N.P.)
| | - Stefano Luzzago
- Department of Urology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (F.A.M.); (A.C.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (G.M.); (N.P.)
| | - Daniele Maiettini
- Division of Interventional Radiology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (N.C.); (P.D.V.); (D.M.); (G.M.V.); (F.O.)
| | - Gennaro Musi
- Department of Urology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (F.A.M.); (A.C.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (G.M.); (N.P.)
| | - Nicolò Piacentini
- Department of Urology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (F.A.M.); (A.C.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (G.M.); (N.P.)
| | - Gianluca Maria Varano
- Division of Interventional Radiology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (N.C.); (P.D.V.); (D.M.); (G.M.V.); (F.O.)
| | - Ottavio de Cobelli
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Urology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (F.A.M.); (A.C.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (G.M.); (N.P.)
| | - Franco Orsi
- Division of Interventional Radiology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (N.C.); (P.D.V.); (D.M.); (G.M.V.); (F.O.)
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Sommer CM, Vollherbst DF, Richter GM, Kauczor HU, Pereira PL. [What can/should be treated in kidney tumors and when]. Radiologe 2017; 57:80-89. [PMID: 28130580 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-016-0202-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
CLINICAL/METHODICAL ISSUE In the treatment of localized renal cell carcinoma, the lack of randomization in controlled trials on thermal ablation is a major limitation. The latter leads to significant study bias and it ultimately remains unclear whether the improved overall survival in favor of partial nephrectomy can actually be attributed to the treatment method. STANDARD RADIOLOGICAL METHODS For T1a (≤4 cm) renal cell carcinoma without lymph node and distant metastases, excellent technical and clinical results have been described after imaging-guided radiofrequency ablation and cryoablation. METHODICAL INNOVATIONS Low major complication rates, preservation of renal function and three-dimensional confirmation of negative ablation margins (A0 ablation) are the advantages of computed tomography (CT)-guided thermal ablation. PERFORMANCE According to the results of controlled (non-randomized) trials on T1a renal cell cancer, the cancer-specific survival rates are comparable between ablative and surgical techniques. ACHIEVEMENTS It is high time for prospective randomized controlled trials to define the actual value of percutaneous thermal ablation and partial nephrectomy in the treatment of T1a renal cell carcinoma. PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS Apart from localized renal cell carcinoma, angiomyolipoma and oncocytoma can be treated by thermal ablation. Transarterial embolization extends the radiological spectrum for the treatment of renal tumors, either as complementary embolization (e. g. before thermal ablation of T1a and T1b renal cell carcinoma), prophylactic embolization (e. g. angiomyolipoma >6 cm), preoperative embolization (e. g. before laparoscopic partial nephrectomy) or palliative embolization (e. g. in patients with symptomatic macrohematuria due to renal cell carcinoma).
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Sommer
- Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Radiologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland. .,Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum Stuttgart, Katharinenhospital, Stuttgart, Deutschland.
| | - D F Vollherbst
- Abteilung Neuroradiologie, Radiologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - G M Richter
- Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum Stuttgart, Katharinenhospital, Stuttgart, Deutschland
| | - H U Kauczor
- Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Radiologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - P L Pereira
- Klinik für Radiologie, minimal-invasive Therapien und Nuklearmedizin, SLK-Kliniken Heilbronn GmbH, Heilbronn, Deutschland
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[Ablative therapy in kidney cancer: Oncological, functional, perioperative outcomes and cost]. Prog Urol 2017; 27:952-970. [PMID: 28890005 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The incidence of kidney cancer has increased significantly over the past few decades presumably due to the increased use of imaging. The aim of this article is to describe contemporary outcomes of ablative therapy and to compare them to other therapeutic options in terms of oncological, functional, perioperative outcomes and cost. MATERIAL AND METHODS We searched MEDLINE®, Embase®, using (MeSH) words; from January 2005 through May 2017, and we looked for all the studies. Investigators graded the strength of evidence in terms of methodology, language and relevance. RESULTS Ninety-one articles were analyzed. We described the outcomes of ablative therapy in relation to the energy used and the approach, and compared these outcomes to the other therapeutic options in terms of oncological, functional and perioperative outcomes. We analyzed these studies in order to search for predictive factors influencing the results of ablative therapy. We also analyzed the economic burden of small renal tumor management. CONCLUSION The strength of evidence is based almost entirely on retrospective studies and is susceptible to the inherent limitations of this study design. Although, the evidence was low among studies, our revue showed that, in elderly patients treated with ablative therapy for cT1a tumors, the cancer-specific survival was comparable to partial nephrectomy with differences in overall survival that are explained by competing risks of death in the old population. Considering the functional results, the renal function preservation seems to be comparable between the 2 groups while the perioperative morbidity is higher in the partial nephrectomy group. The evidence base medicine at this time cannot support the extension of the indications of ablative therapy beyond the actual implementations.
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Sommer C, Pallwein-Prettner L, Vollherbst D, Seidel R, Rieder C, Radeleff B, Kauczor H, Wacker F, Richter G, Bücker A, Rodt T, Massmann A, Pereira P. Transarterial embolization (TAE) as add-on to percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for the treatment of renal tumors: Review of the literature, overview of state-of-the-art embolization materials and further perspective of advanced image-guided tumor ablation. Eur J Radiol 2017; 86:143-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2016.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Krokidis ME, Orsi F, Katsanos K, Helmberger T, Adam A. CIRSE Guidelines on Percutaneous Ablation of Small Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2016; 40:177-191. [DOI: 10.1007/s00270-016-1531-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Pantelidou M, Challacombe B, McGrath A, Brown M, Ilyas S, Katsanos K, Adam A. Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation Versus Robotic-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy for the Treatment of Small Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2016; 39:1595-1603. [PMID: 27435582 PMCID: PMC5052326 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-016-1417-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The authors compared the oncologic outcomes of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy (RPN) for the treatment of T1 stage renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Materials and methods This was a retrospective data analysis of a high-volume single tertiary centre. Patients were treated with RFA or RPN following multidisciplinary decision making. Only histologically proven RCCs were included. Baseline demographics were collected, and PADUA scores of tumour features were calculated to standardize baseline anatomy. Peri-operative complications, kidney function and oncological outcomes were compared. Results Sixty-three cases were included in each group. Baseline renal function was poorer in RFA, and 16/63 RFA patients had tumours in single kidneys compared to 1/63 RPN cases (p < 0.001). Length of stay was shorter in RFA (1 vs. 3 days, p < 0.0001). Post-procedure renal function decline at 30 days was significantly less in RFA [(−0.8) ± 9.6 vs. (−16.1) ± 19.5 mls/min/1.73 m2; p < 0.0001]. More minor complications were recorded in RPN (10/63 vs. 4/63, p = 0.15), but local recurrence was numerically higher in RFA (6/63 vs. 1/63, p = 0.11). Disease-free survival (DFS) was not significantly different (adjusted HR = 0.6, 95 % Cl 0.1–3.7; p = 0.60). Increasing tumour size was an independent predictor of local recurrence (adjusted HR = 1.7; 95 % Cl 1.1–2.6 per cm; p = 0.02). Conclusions Both RPN and RFA offer very good oncological outcomes for the treatment of T1 RCC with low peri-operative morbidity and similar oncologic outcomes. RFA demonstrated fewer peri-operative complications and better preservation of renal function, whereas RPN had an insignificantly lower local recurrence rate. RFA should be offered alongside RPN for selected cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pantelidou
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, King's Health Partners, London, SE1 7EH, UK.,Department of Urology, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, King's Health Partners, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Ben Challacombe
- Department of Urology, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, King's Health Partners, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Andrew McGrath
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, King's Health Partners, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Matthew Brown
- Department of Urology, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, King's Health Partners, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Shahzad Ilyas
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, King's Health Partners, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Konstantinos Katsanos
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, King's Health Partners, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Andreas Adam
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, King's Health Partners, London, SE1 7EH, UK
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Stage I renal cell carcinoma is a malignancy with a relatively good prognosis. The incidence of all renal cell carcinomas is approximately 9/100,000 persons. There are nearly 15,000 newly diagnosed patients every year (men twice as often as women). TREND In the last decade, a trend away from radical open resection towards nephron-sparing approaches has been observed. Currently, partial nephrectomy is the surgical gold standard for the treatment of small renal tumors. However, excellent clinical results are obtained using percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA): low complication rates and preservation of the renal function. RESULTS Primary and secondary technical success rates are 69-100% and 90-100%, respectively. In large series, major complication rates of RFA of 0-14% are reported. A relevant deterioration of renal function after RFA is very rare. The 5-year local recurrence-free survival rates, metastasis-free survival rates, cancer-specific survival rates, and overall survival rates are 88-93, 95-100, 98-100, and 58.3-85%, respectively. In this context, the lack of appropriate long-term data is often cited as a limitation. CONCLUSION Different meta-analyses come to the conclusion that in case of adequate tumor and patient selection RFA shows oncologic results comparable with surgical resection. Accepted indications for RFA are T1 renal tumors in patients with advanced age, significant comorbidities, reduced renal function, single kidney, and/or no wish for operation. Predictors for the success include tumor size and location as well as operator experience. To define the real efficacy of RFA in the treatment of renal tumors, randomized controlled clinical long-term studies are indicated.
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Interventional oncology in multidisciplinary cancer treatment in the 21(st) century. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2014; 12:105-13. [PMID: 25445561 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2014.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Interventional oncology is an evolving branch of interventional radiology, which relies on rapidly evolving, highly sophisticated treatment tools and precise imaging guidance to target and destroy malignant tumours. The development of this field has important potential benefits for patients and the health-care system, but as a new discipline, interventional oncology has not yet fully established its place in the wider field of oncology; its application does not have a comprehensive evidence base, or a clinical or quality-assurance framework within which to operate. In this regard, radiation oncology, a cornerstone of modern cancer care, has a lot of important information to offer to interventional oncologists. A strong collaboration between radiation oncology and interventional oncology, both of which aim to cure or control tumours or to relieve symptoms with as little collateral damage to normal tissue as possible, will have substantial advantages for both disciplines. A close relationship with radiation oncology will help facilitate the development of a robust quality-assurance framework and accumulation of evidence to support the integration of interventional oncology into multidisciplinary care. Furthermore, collaboration between interventional oncology and radiation oncology fields will have great benefits to practitioners, people affected by cancer, and to the wider field of oncology.
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