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Lehman LL, Kaseka ML, Stout J, See AP, Pabst L, Sun LR, Hassanein SA, Waak M, Vossough A, Smith ER, Dlamini N. Pediatric Moyamoya Biomarkers: Narrowing the Knowledge Gap. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2022; 43:101002. [PMID: 36344019 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2022.101002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Moyamoya is a progressive cerebrovascular disorder that leads to stenosis of the arteries in the distal internal carotid, proximal middle cerebral and proximal anterior cerebral arteries of the circle of Willis. Typically a network of collaterals form to bypass the stenosis and maintain cerebral blood flow. As moyamoya progresses it affects the anterior circulation more commonly than posterior circulation, and cerebral blood flow becomes increasingly reliant on external carotid supply. Children with moyamoya are at increased risk for ischemic symptoms including stroke and transient ischemic attacks (TIA). In addition, cognitive decline may occur over time, even in the absence of clinical stroke. Standard of care for stroke prevention in children with symptomatic moyamoya is revascularization surgery. Treatment of children with asymptomatic moyamoya with revascularization surgery however remains more controversial. Therefore, biomarkers are needed to assist with not only diagnosis but also with determining ischemic risk and identifying best surgical candidates. In this review we will discuss the current knowledge as well as gaps in research in relation to pediatric moyamoya biomarkers including neurologic presentation, cognitive, neuroimaging, genetic and biologic biomarkers of disease severity and ischemic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Lehman
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| | - Matsanga Leyila Kaseka
- Department of Neurology, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jeffery Stout
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Alfred P See
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Lisa Pabst
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Lisa R Sun
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Division of Cerebrovascular Neurology, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sahar A Hassanein
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Michaela Waak
- Department of Paediatric Intensive Care, Queensland Children's Hospital; Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Arastoo Vossough
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Edward R Smith
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Nomazulu Dlamini
- Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
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Pinard A, Fiander MDJ, Cecchi AC, Rideout AL, Azouz M, Fraser SM, McNeely PD, Walling S, Novara SC, Hurst ACE, Guo D, Parkash S, Bamshad MJ, Nickerson DA, Vandersteen AM, Milewicz DM. Association of De Novo RNF213 Variants With Childhood Onset Moyamoya Disease and Diffuse Occlusive Vasculopathy. Neurology 2021; 96:e1783-e1791. [PMID: 33568546 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that de novo genetic variants are responsible for moyamoya disease (MMD) in children with unaffected relatives, we performed exome sequencing of 28 affected children and their unaffected parents. METHODS Exome sequencing was performed on 28 trios of affected patients with MMD and unaffected parents. RESULTS We identified 3 novel rare de novo RNF213 variants, 1 in the RING domain and 2 in a highly conserved region distal to the RING domain (4,114-4,120). These de novo cases of MMD present at a young age with aggressive MMD and uniquely have additional occlusive vascular lesions, including renal artery stenosis. Two previously reported cases had de novo variants in the same limited region and presented young with aggressive MMD, and 1 case had narrowing of the inferior abdominal aorta. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate a novel syndrome associated with RNF213 rare variants defined by de novo mutations disrupting highly conserved amino acids in the RING domain and a discrete region distal to the RING domain delimited by amino acids 4,114 to 4,120 leading to onset of severe MMD before 3 years of age and occlusion of other arteries, including the abdominal aorta, renal, iliac, and femoral arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Pinard
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (A.P., A.C.C., M.A., D.G., D.M.M.), McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Maritime Medical Genetics Service (A.L.R., S.P., M.A.V.), Division of Neurosurgery (M.D.J.F., P.D.M., S.W.) and Department of Pediatrics (M.A.V.), Division of Medical Genetics, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada; Department of Pediatrics (S.C.N.), Division of Child Neurology, and Department of Genetics (A.C.E.H.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Pediatrics (M.J.B., A.M.V.), Division of Genetics Medicine and Department of Genome Sciences (M.J.B., D.A.N.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Pediatrics (S.M.F.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School
| | - Maximillian D J Fiander
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (A.P., A.C.C., M.A., D.G., D.M.M.), McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Maritime Medical Genetics Service (A.L.R., S.P., M.A.V.), Division of Neurosurgery (M.D.J.F., P.D.M., S.W.) and Department of Pediatrics (M.A.V.), Division of Medical Genetics, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada; Department of Pediatrics (S.C.N.), Division of Child Neurology, and Department of Genetics (A.C.E.H.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Pediatrics (M.J.B., A.M.V.), Division of Genetics Medicine and Department of Genome Sciences (M.J.B., D.A.N.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Pediatrics (S.M.F.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School
| | - Alana C Cecchi
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (A.P., A.C.C., M.A., D.G., D.M.M.), McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Maritime Medical Genetics Service (A.L.R., S.P., M.A.V.), Division of Neurosurgery (M.D.J.F., P.D.M., S.W.) and Department of Pediatrics (M.A.V.), Division of Medical Genetics, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada; Department of Pediatrics (S.C.N.), Division of Child Neurology, and Department of Genetics (A.C.E.H.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Pediatrics (M.J.B., A.M.V.), Division of Genetics Medicine and Department of Genome Sciences (M.J.B., D.A.N.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Pediatrics (S.M.F.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School
| | - Andrea L Rideout
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (A.P., A.C.C., M.A., D.G., D.M.M.), McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Maritime Medical Genetics Service (A.L.R., S.P., M.A.V.), Division of Neurosurgery (M.D.J.F., P.D.M., S.W.) and Department of Pediatrics (M.A.V.), Division of Medical Genetics, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada; Department of Pediatrics (S.C.N.), Division of Child Neurology, and Department of Genetics (A.C.E.H.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Pediatrics (M.J.B., A.M.V.), Division of Genetics Medicine and Department of Genome Sciences (M.J.B., D.A.N.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Pediatrics (S.M.F.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School
| | - Mohamed Azouz
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (A.P., A.C.C., M.A., D.G., D.M.M.), McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Maritime Medical Genetics Service (A.L.R., S.P., M.A.V.), Division of Neurosurgery (M.D.J.F., P.D.M., S.W.) and Department of Pediatrics (M.A.V.), Division of Medical Genetics, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada; Department of Pediatrics (S.C.N.), Division of Child Neurology, and Department of Genetics (A.C.E.H.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Pediatrics (M.J.B., A.M.V.), Division of Genetics Medicine and Department of Genome Sciences (M.J.B., D.A.N.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Pediatrics (S.M.F.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School
| | - Stuart M Fraser
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (A.P., A.C.C., M.A., D.G., D.M.M.), McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Maritime Medical Genetics Service (A.L.R., S.P., M.A.V.), Division of Neurosurgery (M.D.J.F., P.D.M., S.W.) and Department of Pediatrics (M.A.V.), Division of Medical Genetics, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada; Department of Pediatrics (S.C.N.), Division of Child Neurology, and Department of Genetics (A.C.E.H.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Pediatrics (M.J.B., A.M.V.), Division of Genetics Medicine and Department of Genome Sciences (M.J.B., D.A.N.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Pediatrics (S.M.F.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School
| | - P Daniel McNeely
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (A.P., A.C.C., M.A., D.G., D.M.M.), McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Maritime Medical Genetics Service (A.L.R., S.P., M.A.V.), Division of Neurosurgery (M.D.J.F., P.D.M., S.W.) and Department of Pediatrics (M.A.V.), Division of Medical Genetics, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada; Department of Pediatrics (S.C.N.), Division of Child Neurology, and Department of Genetics (A.C.E.H.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Pediatrics (M.J.B., A.M.V.), Division of Genetics Medicine and Department of Genome Sciences (M.J.B., D.A.N.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Pediatrics (S.M.F.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School
| | - Simon Walling
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (A.P., A.C.C., M.A., D.G., D.M.M.), McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Maritime Medical Genetics Service (A.L.R., S.P., M.A.V.), Division of Neurosurgery (M.D.J.F., P.D.M., S.W.) and Department of Pediatrics (M.A.V.), Division of Medical Genetics, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada; Department of Pediatrics (S.C.N.), Division of Child Neurology, and Department of Genetics (A.C.E.H.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Pediatrics (M.J.B., A.M.V.), Division of Genetics Medicine and Department of Genome Sciences (M.J.B., D.A.N.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Pediatrics (S.M.F.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School
| | - Sarah C Novara
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (A.P., A.C.C., M.A., D.G., D.M.M.), McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Maritime Medical Genetics Service (A.L.R., S.P., M.A.V.), Division of Neurosurgery (M.D.J.F., P.D.M., S.W.) and Department of Pediatrics (M.A.V.), Division of Medical Genetics, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada; Department of Pediatrics (S.C.N.), Division of Child Neurology, and Department of Genetics (A.C.E.H.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Pediatrics (M.J.B., A.M.V.), Division of Genetics Medicine and Department of Genome Sciences (M.J.B., D.A.N.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Pediatrics (S.M.F.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School
| | - Anna C E Hurst
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (A.P., A.C.C., M.A., D.G., D.M.M.), McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Maritime Medical Genetics Service (A.L.R., S.P., M.A.V.), Division of Neurosurgery (M.D.J.F., P.D.M., S.W.) and Department of Pediatrics (M.A.V.), Division of Medical Genetics, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada; Department of Pediatrics (S.C.N.), Division of Child Neurology, and Department of Genetics (A.C.E.H.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Pediatrics (M.J.B., A.M.V.), Division of Genetics Medicine and Department of Genome Sciences (M.J.B., D.A.N.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Pediatrics (S.M.F.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School
| | - Dongchuan Guo
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (A.P., A.C.C., M.A., D.G., D.M.M.), McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Maritime Medical Genetics Service (A.L.R., S.P., M.A.V.), Division of Neurosurgery (M.D.J.F., P.D.M., S.W.) and Department of Pediatrics (M.A.V.), Division of Medical Genetics, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada; Department of Pediatrics (S.C.N.), Division of Child Neurology, and Department of Genetics (A.C.E.H.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Pediatrics (M.J.B., A.M.V.), Division of Genetics Medicine and Department of Genome Sciences (M.J.B., D.A.N.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Pediatrics (S.M.F.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School
| | - Sandhya Parkash
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (A.P., A.C.C., M.A., D.G., D.M.M.), McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Maritime Medical Genetics Service (A.L.R., S.P., M.A.V.), Division of Neurosurgery (M.D.J.F., P.D.M., S.W.) and Department of Pediatrics (M.A.V.), Division of Medical Genetics, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada; Department of Pediatrics (S.C.N.), Division of Child Neurology, and Department of Genetics (A.C.E.H.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Pediatrics (M.J.B., A.M.V.), Division of Genetics Medicine and Department of Genome Sciences (M.J.B., D.A.N.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Pediatrics (S.M.F.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School
| | - Michael J Bamshad
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (A.P., A.C.C., M.A., D.G., D.M.M.), McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Maritime Medical Genetics Service (A.L.R., S.P., M.A.V.), Division of Neurosurgery (M.D.J.F., P.D.M., S.W.) and Department of Pediatrics (M.A.V.), Division of Medical Genetics, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada; Department of Pediatrics (S.C.N.), Division of Child Neurology, and Department of Genetics (A.C.E.H.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Pediatrics (M.J.B., A.M.V.), Division of Genetics Medicine and Department of Genome Sciences (M.J.B., D.A.N.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Pediatrics (S.M.F.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (A.P., A.C.C., M.A., D.G., D.M.M.), McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Maritime Medical Genetics Service (A.L.R., S.P., M.A.V.), Division of Neurosurgery (M.D.J.F., P.D.M., S.W.) and Department of Pediatrics (M.A.V.), Division of Medical Genetics, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada; Department of Pediatrics (S.C.N.), Division of Child Neurology, and Department of Genetics (A.C.E.H.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Pediatrics (M.J.B., A.M.V.), Division of Genetics Medicine and Department of Genome Sciences (M.J.B., D.A.N.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Pediatrics (S.M.F.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School
| | - Anthony M Vandersteen
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (A.P., A.C.C., M.A., D.G., D.M.M.), McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Maritime Medical Genetics Service (A.L.R., S.P., M.A.V.), Division of Neurosurgery (M.D.J.F., P.D.M., S.W.) and Department of Pediatrics (M.A.V.), Division of Medical Genetics, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada; Department of Pediatrics (S.C.N.), Division of Child Neurology, and Department of Genetics (A.C.E.H.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Pediatrics (M.J.B., A.M.V.), Division of Genetics Medicine and Department of Genome Sciences (M.J.B., D.A.N.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Pediatrics (S.M.F.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School
| | - Dianna M Milewicz
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (A.P., A.C.C., M.A., D.G., D.M.M.), McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Maritime Medical Genetics Service (A.L.R., S.P., M.A.V.), Division of Neurosurgery (M.D.J.F., P.D.M., S.W.) and Department of Pediatrics (M.A.V.), Division of Medical Genetics, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada; Department of Pediatrics (S.C.N.), Division of Child Neurology, and Department of Genetics (A.C.E.H.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Pediatrics (M.J.B., A.M.V.), Division of Genetics Medicine and Department of Genome Sciences (M.J.B., D.A.N.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Pediatrics (S.M.F.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School.
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Guey S, Kraemer M, Hervé D, Ludwig T, Kossorotoff M, Bergametti F, Schwitalla JC, Choi S, Broseus L, Callebaut I, Genin E, Tournier-Lasserve E. Rare RNF213 variants in the C-terminal region encompassing the RING-finger domain are associated with moyamoya angiopathy in Caucasians. Eur J Hum Genet 2017. [PMID: 28635953 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2017.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Moyamoya angiopathy (MMA) is a cerebral angiopathy affecting the terminal part of internal carotid arteries. Its prevalence is 10 times higher in Japan and Korea than in Europe. In East Asian countries, moyamoya is strongly associated to the R4810K variant in the RNF213 gene that encodes for a protein containing a RING-finger and two AAA+ domains. This variant has never been detected in Caucasian MMA patients, but several rare RNF213 variants have been reported in Caucasian cases. Using a collapsing test based on exome data from 68 European MMA probands and 573 ethnically matched controls, we showed a significant association between rare missense RNF213 variants and MMA in European patients (odds ratio (OR)=2.24, 95% confidence interval (CI)=(1.19-4.11), P=0.01). Variants specific to cases had higher pathogenicity predictive scores (median of 24.2 in cases versus 9.4 in controls, P=0.029) and preferentially clustered in a C-terminal hotspot encompassing the RING-finger domain of RNF213 (P<10-3). This association was even stronger when restricting the analysis to childhood-onset and familial cases (OR=4.54, 95% CI=(1.80-11.34), P=1.1 × 10-3). All clinically affected relatives who were genotyped were carriers. However, the need for additional factors to develop MMA is strongly suggested by the fact that only 25% of mutation carrier relatives were clinically affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Guey
- Inserm UMR-S1161, Génétique et Physiopathologie des Maladies Cérébro-vasculaires, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Markus Kraemer
- Department of Neurology, Alfried-Krupp-Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Dominique Hervé
- Inserm UMR-S1161, Génétique et Physiopathologie des Maladies Cérébro-vasculaires, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis Lariboisière, Service de Neurologie, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Ludwig
- Inserm U1078, Génétique, Génomique Fonctionnelle et Biotechnologies, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, CHU Brest, Brest, France
| | - Manoëlle Kossorotoff
- AP-HP, French Center for Pediatric Stroke and Pediatric Neurology Department, University Hospital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Bergametti
- Inserm UMR-S1161, Génétique et Physiopathologie des Maladies Cérébro-vasculaires, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Simone Choi
- Inserm UMR-S1161, Génétique et Physiopathologie des Maladies Cérébro-vasculaires, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Lucile Broseus
- Inserm UMR-S1161, Génétique et Physiopathologie des Maladies Cérébro-vasculaires, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Callebaut
- IMPMC, Sorbonne Universités-UMR CNRS 7590, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, IRD UMR 206, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Genin
- Inserm U1078, Génétique, Génomique Fonctionnelle et Biotechnologies, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, CHU Brest, Brest, France
| | - Elisabeth Tournier-Lasserve
- Inserm UMR-S1161, Génétique et Physiopathologie des Maladies Cérébro-vasculaires, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Service de Génétique Moléculaire Neurovasculaire, Centre de Référence des Maladies Vasculaires Rares du Cerveau et de l'œil, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis Lariboisière, Paris, France
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