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Mescher H, Schackmar F, Eggers H, Abzieher T, Zuber M, Hamann E, Baumbach T, Richards BS, Hernandez-Sosa G, Paetzold UW, Lemmer U. Flexible Inkjet-Printed Triple Cation Perovskite X-ray Detectors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:15774-15784. [PMID: 32182029 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Flexible direct conversion X-ray detectors enable a variety of novel applications in medicine, industry, and science. Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite semiconductors containing elements of high atomic number combine an efficient X-ray absorption with excellent charge transport properties. Due to their additional cost-effective and low-temperature processability, perovskite semiconductors represent promising candidates to be used as active materials in flexible X-ray detectors. Inspired by the promising results recently reported on X-ray detectors that are based on either triple cation perovskites or inkjet-printed perovskite quantum dots, we here investigate flexible inkjet-printed triple cation perovskite X-ray detectors. The performance of the detectors is evaluated by the X-ray sensitivity, the dark current, and the X-ray stability. Exposed to 70 kVp X-ray radiation, reproducible and highly competitive X-ray sensitivities of up to 59.9 μC/(Gyaircm2) at low operating voltages of 0.1 V are achieved. Furthermore, a significant dark current reduction is demonstrated in our detectors by replacing spin-coated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) with sputtered NiOx hole transport layers. Finally, stable operation of a flexible X-ray detector for a cumulative X-ray exposure of 4 Gyair is presented, and the applicability of our devices as X-ray imaging detectors is shown. The results of this study represent a proof of concept toward flexible direct conversion X-ray detectors realized by cost-effective and high-throughput digital inkjet printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Mescher
- Light Technology Institute (LTI), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Fabian Schackmar
- Light Technology Institute (LTI), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
- InnovationLab (IL), Heidelberg 69115, Germany
| | - Helge Eggers
- Light Technology Institute (LTI), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
- InnovationLab (IL), Heidelberg 69115, Germany
| | - Tobias Abzieher
- Light Technology Institute (LTI), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Marcus Zuber
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation (IPS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
- Laboratory for Applications of Synchrotron Radiation (LAS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Elias Hamann
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation (IPS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Tilo Baumbach
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation (IPS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
- Laboratory for Applications of Synchrotron Radiation (LAS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Bryce S Richards
- Light Technology Institute (LTI), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Gerardo Hernandez-Sosa
- Light Technology Institute (LTI), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
- InnovationLab (IL), Heidelberg 69115, Germany
| | - Ulrich W Paetzold
- Light Technology Institute (LTI), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Uli Lemmer
- Light Technology Institute (LTI), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
- InnovationLab (IL), Heidelberg 69115, Germany
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Bellesi L, Wyttenbach R, Gaudino D, Pupillo F, Ramundo M, Piliero M, Casiraghi M, Gerbino M, Mascaro F, Presilla S. 353. Implementation of a dose data collection software system: structure of data and CT preliminary results. Phys Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.04.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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